• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2022

Let C(Q) denote Yeh-Wiener space, the space of all real-valued continuous functions x(s, t) on Q ≡ [0, S] × [0, T] with x(s, 0) = x(0, t) = 0 for every (s, t) ∈ Q. For each partition τ = τ_m,n = {(s_i, t_j)|i = 1, . . . , m, j = 1, . . . , n} of Q with 0 = s₀ < s₁ < . . . < s_m = S and 0 = t₀ < t₁ < . . . < t_n = T, define a random vector X_τ : C(Q) → ℝ^mn by X_τ (x) = (x(s₁, t₁), . . . , x(s_m, t_n)). In this paper we study the conditional integral transform and the conditional convolution product for a class of cylinder type functionals defined on K(Q) with a given conditioning function X_τ above, where K(Q)is the space of all complex valued continuous functions of two variables on Q which satify x(s, 0) = x(0, t) = 0 for every (s, t) ∈ Q. In particular we derive a useful equation which allows to calculate the conditional integral transform of the conditional convolution product without ever actually calculating convolution product or conditional convolution product.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.631-638
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• 1996

The parabolic free boundary problem with Puschino dynamics is given by (see in [3]) $$ (1) { \upsilon_t = D\upsilon_{xx} - (c_1 + b)\upsilon + c_1 H(x - s(t)) for (x,t) \in \Omega^- \cup \Omega^+, { \upsilon_x(0,t) = 0 = \upsilon_x(1,t) for t > 0, { \upsilon(x,0) = \upsilon_0(x) for 0 \leq x \leq 1, { \tau\frac{dt}{ds} = C)\upsilon(s(t),t)) for t > 0, { s(0) = s_0, 0 < s_0 < 1, $$ where $\upsilon(x,t)$ and $\upsilon_x(x,t)$ are assumed continuous in $\Omega = (0,1) \times (0, \infty)$.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

We show the boundedness and uniform Lipschitz stability for the solutions to the functional perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{\normalsize\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_{t_0}}^t}g(s,y(s),\;T_1y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),\;T_2y(t))$$, under perturbations. We impose conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s)$, $T_1y(s))ds$, $h(t,y(t)$, $T_2y(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using the notion of h-stability.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.723-736
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• 2016

This paper shows that the solutions to nonlinear perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}= f(t,y)+{\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(s,y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),Ty(t))$$ have bounded properties. To show the bounded properties, we impose conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(s,y(s))ds,\;h(t, y(t),\;Ty(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using the notion of h-stability.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

한국 남성의 연령 증가에 따른 혈중 luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), 그리고 타액 T 수준 변화를 조사하였다. 혈중LH 수준은 40대까지 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으나(20s, $2.5{\sim}1.0$; 30s, $2.7{\sim}1.5$; and 40s, $2.5{\sim}1.8\;mIU/mL$), 50대 이상에서 유의하게 증가하였다(50s, $3.7{\sim}1.8$ and 60s, $3.1{\sim}1.7\;mIU/mL$). 또한, 혈중 T 수준도 40대까지는 변화하지 않았으나(20s, $5.3{\sim}2.6$, 30s, $4.4{\sim}1.4$, 40s, $4.1{\sim}1.5$ ng/mL), 50대 이후 유의하게 감소하였다(50s, $3.4{\sim}1.5$; 60s, $2.6{\sim}0.8\;ng/mL$). 타액 T 수준 또한 40대까지 약간의 변화가 나타났으나($20s{\sim}40s$, $0.11{\pm}0.015\;ng/mL$), 50대에 유의하게 감소하였다($0.08{\sim}0.03\;ng/mL$). 타액 T 대 혈중 T의 상대적인 비율은 모든 연령대에서 유의한 변화가 없었다($2.4{\sim}0.9%$). 직선회귀 분석(Linear regression analysis)에서 혈중 LH 수준은 매년 1.5%씩 증가하고 혈중 T와 타액 T 수준은 각각 매년 1%와 0.8%씩 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다. 혈중 T/LH 비율은 40대까지 유의한 변화가 없었으나($20s{\sim}40s$; $2.27{\pm}0.14$) 50대에 유의하게 감소하였다($1.2{\sim}1.0$). 연령과 관련된 타액 T/LH 비율은 혈중 T/LH 비율과 대단히 유사하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 혈중 LH와 T, 그리고 타액 T 수준이 한국인 남성에서 40대까지는 유의하게 변화하지 않았고, 50대부터는 LH 수준이 증가하고 T 수준이 감소하였다. 이 결과는 50대경 노화과정에 의해 일어나는 원발성 정소부전(primary testicular failure)이 원인인 것으로 보인다. 또한, 본 연구결과는 비록 타액 T 수준이 혈중 총 T 수준과 약한 상관관계(r=0.53)를 갖지만, 혈중 free T 수준을 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 그러므로, 타액 T 수준에 대한 정보는 연령과 관련해서 나타나는 남성 정소생리를 연구하는데 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.347-359
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• 2016

In this paper, we show that the solutions to perturbed functional differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),Ty(s))ds$$, have a bounded properties. To show the bounded properties, we impose conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),Ty(s))ds$ and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using the notion of $t_{\infty}$-similarity.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1989

본 연구는 학술 잡지의 발달 과정과 그 특징, 연구 논문 편수의 증가와 학회의 발달 과를 고찰하므로서 우리나라 학자들의 논문 발표의 주된 수단이 무엇인지, 학술 정보의 생 산과 축적 수단으로서 학술 잡지의 기능을 밝히고 도서관 정보 봉사를 설계하거나 개선함에 있어 올바른 방향 설정에 도움이 될 객관적 근거를 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2017

In this paper, we study that the solutions to perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{{\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_{t_0}}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$$ have uniformly Lipschitz stability by imposing conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds,h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using integral inequalities.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2017

In this paper, we show that the solutions to perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{{\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_{t_0}}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$$ have asymptotic property by imposing conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds,h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y).