• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki's media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 ${\mu}M $induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 ${\mu}M $ thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 ${\mu}M $ treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 ${\mu}M $ showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (<10%), although some roots in IBA-containing media were longer than those in NAA. Micropropagation from axillary buds of nodular explants was applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 1997

The experiment was conducted to find causes of rooting failure in divided crown of peony cultivation. The results were as follows : In farmer s fields, damage rate of rooting failure in divided crown of peony was 32% as non-sprouting 5.6%, withering after sprouting 20.7%, and wilting after sprouting 5.7%, repectively. Damage degree in farmer s fields was followed, above 70% by 4%, 41 to 70% by 17%, 11 to 40% by 45% per total field area, respectively. It was caused by rooting failure. Damage rate of rooting failure as affected by different planting time was 18.2% for planting in autumn, 42.9% for planting in spring, and damage in divided crown was higher than in seedling. As periods to planting were prolonged, growth and yield were larger poorly, treatment with seminal-root sterilization and soil insecticide showed good growth and rooting but untreated control was very poor. Main cause of rooting failure in divided crown of peony was disease, Cylindrocarpon sp. and low quality of seeds.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of rooting and bud break of single-stemmed roses (Rosa hybrida L. 'Rate Rose' and 'Teresa') as affected by axillary bud position and leaf area of cuttings derived from different growth stage of the mother shoots. In fact, both rooting and budbreak of single-stemmed roses were not influenced by growth stage of mother shoots, with showing more than 95% in all treatment related to mother shoot maturity. 'Rote Rose' required 34 days to average rooting and budbreak after cutting, whereas 'Teresa' did only 18 days to budbreak which was 9 days faster than rooting. Rooting and bud break needed more time and showed lower percent as the axillaty bud position for cuttings went down to the base of mother shoots. Especially 'Teresa' showed 12 days of delay to budbreak and 14.4% decrease in budbreak. Also, the increase in leaf area of cuttings accelerated rooting and budbreak, of which the time was shorter and the percent was higher.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cutting type, growth regulators and propagation media on the rooting and root growth of Roea davurica $P_{ALL}$. Three type of cutting, hardwood, half-softwood, softwood cutting and root cutting of Rosa davurica $P_{ALL}$, were used to study the rooting ability. There was no rooting in hardwood cutting while root cutting was appeared 100% of callus formation and rooting. The optimum conditions of softwood cutting for rooting were IAA 100ppm and rooton-F at vermiculite+perlite. The rate of rooting in treatment of rooton-F ranged from 10 to 60%, but such a good effect was not appeared in other growth regulators, IAA, NAA and IBA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2015

Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, Black chokeberry) is an important cash crop in domestic agriculture. We investigated the effects of plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation and rooting using in vitro tissue culture. The most effective shoot multiplication was observed on WPM (woody plant medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L zeatin ($8.3{\pm}1.0$ shoots/explant), while the highest rooting rate was obtained from half-strength WPM with 3.0 mg/L IBA (8.8 roots/explant). The rooted plantlets all survived in the artificial soil mixture (with a mixture of peat moss : perlite : vermiculite, 1:1:1, v/v/v) and grew up relatively uniform, ranging from 14 to 16 leaves, 8 to 10 cm in stem height, and 2.3 to 2.8 mm in stem diameter. While experimenting with 5 different varieties of Aronia, we found out that each variety had different characteristics of shoot proliferation and rooting. The total numbers of proliferated shoots per variety is as follows: $17.4{\pm}0.8$ for Nero, 14 to 15 for Purple and Mackenzie, and 10 for both Viking and Odamamachiko. Rooting rates were also various depending on the variety: 88% of Odamamachiko, 80% of Viking and Purple, and 76% of Nero and 60% of Mackenzie shoots rooted. The survival rate of the rooted plantlets was from 92% to 100%, varying by type. Further growth appeared to be better in auxin-treated plantlets, compared to untreated ones. Our results showed the possibility of establishing an effective in vitro micropropagation system for Aronia melanocarpa.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2020

This study was conducted to determine the optimum medium and humidification period for the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) cutting seedling production. The cuttings were planted in coir (CO), rockwool (RW), phenolic foam (PF), and organic foam medium (OFM) with fogging treatment in 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 days on February, 2019. And, as the field verification examination research, cuttings were planted in CO, RW, PF, and OFM, with misting treatment in 0, 6, 9, 12, or 15 days on June, 2019. In fogging treatments, rooting and survival rates of seedlings tended to increase with longer fogging periods, and rooting and survival rates were showed significantly higher in CO medium with more than 9 days of fogging periods. In misting treatments, rooting rate was significantly higher in CO and RW medium with more than 9 days of misting periods, and survival rate was significantly higher with more than 12 days of misting periods. There was no significantly difference by growth medium and humidification period in shoot and root growth. Therefore, when considering the rooting and survival rate the CO medium with 9 days of humidification period could be beneficial for the production of the 'Maehyang' strawberry cutting seedlings.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop a mass production for a commercial use by cutting of 4 kinds of V. glabrifolia Kitag., V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba' and V. spicata 'Ulster Blue Dwarf' × V. longifolia. Veronica L. Effects of shade, media and concentrations of plant growth regulators on the rooting of Veronica L. were examined. The rooting rate of V. glabrifolia Kitag. was higher as a 60% than the V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee as a 20% in the control of commercial media. In shading treatment, the rooting rate was highest at 30% or 60% shading, and the 30% shading was the best in number of root and root length, but the 90% shading was lower than no shading treatment. For cutting media, the rock wool and 100% perlite increased the rooting rate by more than 10% compared to commercial media, and increased the number of roots by 2 or 3 times. However the Cocopeat of media was lower of rooting rate, root number, and root length compared to another treatment. In the plant growth regulator treatment, the rate of rooting increased in all treatment compared to control, and was highest at IBA 1,000mg·L^-1 as a 82.2% and NAA 200 or 400mg·L^-1 as a 82.2% or 84.4% respectively, in the V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba'. However, the root number and root length was decreased as the concentration of growth regulators increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of water cutting by vegetative propagation method from July to August of Clematis. To find out proper cutting length and rooting growth regulator for water cuttings production, cutting lengths of C. 'Honora' made 1 node and 2 nodes length cutting, which were soaked in NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Rooting rate of cuttings treated by NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was 100% irrespective of root lengths, but that of 1 node and 2 nodes untreated by NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were very low about 30% and 19% respectively. Number of roots and roots length were also highest in NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, effects of NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment were greater at 1 node cutting. Based on the results, rooting rate for I node cutting of C. 'Pairu' according to NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) concentrations was investigated. Days to rooting were 70-74 days (about 10 weeks), which was not significantly different among the NAA concentrations. Rooting rate increased by NAA concentration. it was about 90% usually and was improved with more than NAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2010

Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii Henry is a short and creeping evergreen shrub which reaches about 60 cm in height and only occurs in the northeast Asia and in the top of high mountains over the Korea. The Korea Forest Service protects it strictly by law since J. chinensis var. sargentii is an eccentric plant and possibly may be exterminated soon in Korea. This study was carried out to develop the propagation technique by cutting for conservation of genetic resources of J. chinensis var. sargentii. The rooting responses of branch cuttings, obtained from hard(May) and semi-hard wood shoots (August) to four growth regulators, namely, IAA, IBA, NAA and Rooton(exceptionally powder method) applied at various concentrations(0, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 $mgL^{-1}$) were examined in mixed soil media. Rooting rate showed significant difference between cutting times, among kinds and among concentrations of growth regulators. The optimum cutting time was April to May in hardwood cutting. The application of IBA 1000 $mgL^{-1}$(rooting rate : 36.4%) was most effective in callus formation and rooting of cutting. Relatively, rooting of cutting of the control taken in May was 30.4%. Root characteristics such as number, length and diameter of root were not significantly affected by kinds and concentrations of growth regulators in hardwood cutting.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop mass production method by proper cutting time, and the concentrations of plant growth regulators of Spiraea spp. Plants of hard wood was cut on March 3th, the rooting rate in S. salicifolia and S. cantoniensis was 11.3% comparatively higher than that about 5% in S. trichocarpa, S. miyabei, S. japonica, S. thunbergii and S. fritschiana. The rooting of control was 6.0%, however the $125{\sim}1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA or NAA for 3 hour soaking was above 15.0% in the S. salicifolia. Therefore soaking in $125mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of IBA or NAA solution was recommended before cutting. The proper cutting time for soft wood from May 7 to September 17 in S. trichocarpa, S. cantoniensis, S. prunifolia, and S. thunbergii was September 17 when the soft stem was changed hard and the temperate was proper for rooting, high and low, $25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and $18{\pm}3^{\circ}C$. The rooting of September 17 was above 70% in S. salicifolia and S. fritschiana. However, the rooting from middle of May to early August was low below 20% in all the genus of Spiraea.