• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.670-676
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• 2011

Artificially metal-contaminated soils have been widely used for lab-scale soil washing and soil toxicity experiments. The artificial soil contamination methods consist of 1) first equilibrating soils with heavy metal solution, 2) filtrating or centrifuging soils from the mixture and 3) finally drying the soils. However, some of those artificially contaminated soil experiments have not clearly shown that the soils were thoroughly rinsed with water prior to conducting experiments. This study investigated the amount of heavy metal release from the artificially metal-contaminated soil by pre-water-rinsing. Three different artificially metal-contaminated soil preparation methods were first evaluated with Cd and Pb concentrations of soil. Then, this study investigated the effect of pre-water-rinsing on the Cd and Pb concentration of the artificially contaminated soil. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil produced by equilibrating and drying the metal solution-soil were significantly reduced by pre-water-rinsing. The results of the study implied that experimental results would be significantly distorted when the artificially heavy metal-contaminated soils were not thoroughly water-rinsed prior to conducting experiments. Therefore, the initial heavy metal concentration of the artificially contaminated soil should be determined after thoroughly rinsing the soil that was previously obtained through the adsorption and dry stages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.393-398
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• 2019

This study aimed to suggest the optimum number of rinsing by researching changes in optical density and pH in accordance with the number of rinsing after toothbrushing, and then verifying the amount of residual toothpaste in mouth. Total 14 university students who had healthy body with no difficulties in daily life were selected from the students of K university in Daegu as the research subjects. The research subjects rinsed their mouths with 40ml of water from zero time to 12 times after toothbrushing. After collecting each rinsing water, the optical density and pH were measured. In the results of measuring the optical density value of each rinsing water, the rinsing water of six-seven times or more after toothbrushing showed the constant value of optical density, which was statistically significant(p<0.05). There were no differences in accordance with the amount of toothpaste such as 1g, 1.5g, and 2g. Based on such results of this study, it would be necessary to provide the education of the use of dentifrice, and also to have diverse researches on the effects of residual dentifrice in mouth on the oral cavity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2014

Rice can be the contaminating with soil-borne bacteria. Furthermore, the contaminated bacteria can be grown during immersion process for produce wet-milled rice flour. Therefore, disinfectants can be added during the immersion process. Antibacterial activities of the natural disinfectant, fermented rice spent water (FRSW), and the chemical disinfectants, chlorine dioxide (CD) and sodium benzoate (SB), were respectively determined when added in pure cultures of target bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus or when added to immersion water in the immersion process. In addition, rinsing effects for removing bacteria were determined when rice was rinsed with water before and after the immersion process. Antibacterial activities were rapidly increased as increasing amounts of the disinfectants are added to the pure cultures of the target bacteria. Antibacterial activity of CD was the most effective among the three tested disinfectants when added to the pure cultures of the target bacteria, respectively. Those of the same disinfectants were increased when they were increasingly added to the immersion water. However those of the disinfectants were less effective when added to the immersion water. On the other hand, rinsing effects for removing bacteria were the most effective when rice was rinsed only with water without the immersion process. Collectively, rinsing rice with water only was more effective than using disinfectants in the immersion water during rice flour production.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.159-167
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• 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral rinsing solution on the color stability, surface microhardness and surface roughness change of composite resin. In this in-vitro study, 80 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated of Filtek P60 and Filtek Z250(A2 shade). The samples of each group were randomly divided into eight subgroups (n=10). The baseline color values ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) of each specimen were measured according to CIE LAB system using a colorimeter. After baseline color measurements, the control samples were immersed in distilled water and the test groups were immersed colorless, green and purple mouthrinses three times a day for thirty minutes. This process was repeated for two weeks. Green and purple oral rinsing solutions displayed color, microhardness and roughness change of all composite resin after immersion in the mouthrinses. Therefore, prescription of oral rinsing solution for a minimum of two weeks is a common practice, which may cause discoloration of aesthetic composite restorations of patients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2008

Dense and fine polymer patterns often collapse, as they come into contact with each other at their protruding tips. Resist pattern collapse depends on the aspect ratio of patterns and the surface tension of rinsing materials. The pattern collapse is a very serious problem in microfabrication, because it is one of the factors which limit the device dimensions. The reasons for the pattern collapse are known as the surface tension of rinse liquid, centrifugal force and rinse liquid flow produced in the developing process. In this work, we tried to evaluate the pattern collapse of three-dimensional microstructures that were fabricated by two-photon induced photopolymerization, and showed the way how to reduce the deformation of microstructures.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.433-449
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• 2016

The successful application of cleaning protocols is vital for optimized filtration processes. A series of experiments with an ultrafiltration ceramic tubular membrane were carried out for the foulants dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose. Firstly, the impact on fouling of concentration changes was investigated with the increase in resistance being used as the key parameter. In the second phase, removal of reversible fouling was also investigated by employing intermittent rinsing consisting of a cold water rinse followed by a hot one. A comparative analysis for both foulants is reported. Across a range of concentrations and for both foulants, the reduction in resistance due to rinsing was found to depend upon concentration (C); it changed as $C^n$ where n was found to be 0.3. A plausible semi-theoretical explanation is given. Thirdly, for both foulants, the application of a combination of strong alkaline solutions with oxidizing agent (mainly sodium hypochlorite) followed by acid was found to be appropriate for cleaning of the ceramic membrane. The effect of increased temperature for cleaning agents followed by a warm water rinse contributed positively to the cleaning capability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 1987

When rice seeds were rinsed in If) Korean ginseng tea (KG 722, Korean Ginseng Product Co. Ltd. made) for 28 hours prior to seeding, the early growth was found relatively fast and their resistance against blight and harmful insects was increased. Rice yield showed that control group, rinsing group and spraying group were 514 kg/10a, 562 kg/ 10a and 571 kg/ 10a respectively. However, rinsing and spraying groups were 590 kg/ 10a (leaf spraying) and 605 kg/ 10a (spray immediate after seeding) respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1985

Cotton, P/C and polyester fabrics were laundered and treated with 4 kinds of aftertreating agent(antistatic and softening agents) on marketing. Some treating condition:. which include agent concenteration, treating time and rinsing extent after laundering, were varied. And then the effects of agents with each treating condition-handle value, charged voltage and half-life, and crease recovery etc.-were determined and discussed about their change. The improvement of handle and antistatic properties by treatment were indicated remarkably for cotton fabric and P/C and polyester fabrics respectively. Generally, the handle value of cotton was decreased and then increased again, and the charged voltage and half-life of P/C and polyester fabrics were decreased with increase of concenteration of agents. The effect of antistatic improvement for P/C fabric was larger than polyester fabric at even lower concenteration of agents. The effects were increased with treating time and rinsing extent. In particular, those of short time(1 minute) treatment were very small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.558-559
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• 2007

A commercially de-waxer which kinds of solvent after was used to remove a thick organic wax film after polishing process and several steps of SC-1 cleanings were followed for the removal of organic wax residues and particles which requires long process time and high cost of ownership (COO). DIO3 was used to remove organic wax residues too achieve low COO. In this study, 0103 rinsing could use instead of 01 water rinsing. The process time and chemical consumption were reduced by using DIO3.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.126-126
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• 2021