• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.369-384
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• 2006

Korean Peninsula, located on the southeastern part of Eurasian plate, belongs to the intraplate region. The characteristics of intraplate earthquake show the low and rare seismicity and the sparse and irregular distribution of epicenters comparing to interplate earthquake. To evaluate the exact seismic activity in intraplate region, long-term seismic data including historical earthquake data should be archived. Fortunately the long-term historical earthquake records about 2,000 years are available in Korea Peninsula. By the analysis of this historical and instrumental earthquake data, seismic activity was very high in 16-18 centuries and is more active at the Yellow sea area than East sea area. Comparing to the high seismic activity of the north-eastern China in 16-18 centuries, it is inferred that seismic activity in two regions shows close relationship. Also general trend of epicenter distribution shows the SE-NW direction. In Korea Peninsula, the first seismic station was installed at Incheon in 1905 and 5 additional seismic stations were installed till 1943. There was no seismic station from 1945 to 1962, but a World Wide Standardized Seismograph was installed at Seoul in 1963. In 1990, Korean Meteorological Adminstration(KMA) had established centralized modem seismic network in real-time, consisted of 12 stations. After that time, many institutes tried to expand their own seismic networks in Korea Peninsula. Now KMA operates 35 velocity-type seismic stations and 75 accelerometers and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources operates 32 and 16 stations, respectively. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety and Korea Electric Power Research Institute operate 4 and 13 stations, consisted of velocity-type and accelerometer. In and around the Korean Peninsula, 27 intraplate earthquake mechanisms since 1936 were analyzed to understand the regional stress orientation and tectonics. These earthquakes are largest ones in this century and may represent the characteristics of earthquake in this region. Focal mechanism of these earthquakes show predominant strike-slip faulting with small amount of thrust components. The average P-axis is almost horizontal ENE-WSW. In north-eastern China, strike-slip faulting is dominant and nearly horizontal average P-axis in ENE-WSW is very similar with the Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the eastern part of East Sea, thrust faulting is dominant and average P-axis is horizontal with ESE-WNW. This indicate that not only the subducting Pacific Plate in east but also the indenting Indian Plate controls earthquake mechanism in the far east of the Eurasian Plate. Crustal velocity model is very important to determine the hypocenters of the local earthquakes. But the crust model in and around Korean Peninsula is not clear till now, because the sufficient seismic data could not accumulated. To solve this problem, reflection and refraction seismic survey and seismic wave analysis method were simultaneously applied to two long cross-section traversing the southern Korean Peninsula since 2002. This survey should be continuously conducted.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-58
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between social education and secondary education of seaside and sea village schools for supporting the successors to fishery. Objects of the study were five groups; 321 fishermen, 107 staff members of a Fishery Guidance Center, 1, 001 students, 306 teachers of sea villages, 193 staff members of a Fishery Cooperative Association. The total number of people being object of this study was 1, 876 persons. The questionaire used for this study was made after preliminary counseling with fishermen in sea villages and teachers in seaside schools. The results of this study are as follow ; 1) About the value of Fishery and successors to Fishery There have been more positive responses than negative ones to the question on the value of fishery. The main reason for positive responses lies in the potentiality for development of fishery but the negative responses are because of the heavy work. 56.8% of the respondents expected an increasing number of successor to fishery, but 43.2% of the respondents had a negative foresight on that problem. The negative respondents stated that the fisherman that moved from the sea villages to the urban areas are responsible for the none increasing numbers of successors to fishery. Most of the respondents answered that government support is needed in order to increase the number of successors to fishery. 2) Social education for Fishermen Only 40% of fishermen know the Fishing Village Guidance Center as the main institute for social education. 94.17% of the respondents prefer plural institutes to single ones. 5.9% of the respondents answered with opposit opinions. 40.4% of the respondents answered that technical teachings has not often been practised. The reason why technical teaching does not often come into effect are as follows; lack of technical expertise, insufficient concern of staff members of the Guidance Center or the Cooperation Association. Also fishermen answered that the Fisherman Guidance Center does not often practise technical education. The Fishery Cooperation Association with its social education for fisherman takes the role of education for the economical way and carries out financial assistance. The relationship between the Fishery Cooperative Association and fishermen is presented satisfactory. However, the frequency of education is not satisfactory. Indifferences between staff members of the Fishery Cooperative Association does not carry out fishery education very often. Also loaned money matters were not satisfactory. 3) Secondary education for Fishery This study showed that it is desirable that the practical course of middle schools in islets and seaside villages take education on fishery ; however, a few schools only take the practical course fishery. Most of the fishery high schools want computer education as a new recommendable course. The students of fishery high schools want computer education as a new recommendable course. The students of fishery high schools have problems with scientific terms in the text books for the practical of fishery high schools have problems with scientific terms in the text books for the practical courses. Over 80% of the respondents agreed that the principals of schools in islets and sea side villages should be men having majored in fishery. 4) The connection between social education and secondary education for fishery a. It is desirable that the principal and vice principal of secondary schools in islets and sea side villages are men majored in fishery. b. It is recommendable that fishery courses are taken as practical courses in fishery village schools for it is helpful to relate between the vocation and the district's special character, as well as to built up relation between the middle school education and the fishery high school education. c. The teachers of fishery high schools and the officials of government offices which are related to fishery should work together to realize a program on teaching various kinds of techniques and give other useful informations to fishermen. d. During the vacations the fishery high school could be used for the social education of fishermen. Seminars on fishery technique and cultural aspects could be held. Especially a spiritual education which is needed for the improvement of the society of fishermen could be achieved by a cultural education. e. On the state level a financial support to raise the number of successors to fishery, a national policy for the betterment of the life of fishermen, as well as active publicity activities are necessary. f. A financial support of the government for raising the number of the successors to fishery is needed. For this purpose a fishery education performed on a state level would be desirable.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.55-99
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• 2016

The paper investigates X-project, in which the public was invited to participate in a national R&D project, examines how X-project attracted the public's attention and involved them in a national R&D project, and discusses the significance and limitations of X-project. X-project was executed by a 12 citizen-led committee, financially supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and backed by the Science and Technology Policy Institute. People raised 6,212 questions that reflected the severe needs they experienced in their daily lives through the online and offline platforms of X-project. In addition, the committee members, scholars, experts, government officials, and citizens gathered together to select the fifty most provocative and novel of the questions raised by the public, and invited public participation to answer the questions in innovative ways. 310 research teams including professional researchers from universities and institutes, high-school students, lay persons, and corporate workers applied for X-project, and 54 of these teams were finally selected to receive funding from the government. Through planning and conducting X-project, as well as interviewing and surveying the participants in X-project and non-participants, we found that there was an enormous social consensus on the necessity of public participatory national R&D projects. People asserted that science and technology should put a greater focus on solving social problems and satisfying public needs. We also confirmed that the public could take part in national R&D projects. Most of all, we found that the questions raised by the public were very challenging, novel, and complex, and thus researchers need break-through approaches to address them. It can be also argued that through experiencing the X-project citizens can regard themselves as ones who are not only recipients of the benefits of the development of science and technology, but also contributors of the development of them. We finally argue that there are some limitations to X-project in terms of how to provide diverse incentives that attract more participation, how to develop the process in which people got involved in the project in more easy ways, and how to create new ways for lay persons and professional researchers to cooperate in solving social problems.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This study is mainly based on the introduction process of formative art education method of Korean Bauhaus which was brought in this CQuntry through Japan. The introduction routes into Korea of Bauhaus education method by way of the United States through Germany have been disclosed since 1945, including Korean students studying in the United States as well as Scandinavian countries. Those introduction of Bauhaus method by Korean students into Korea had influenced the domestic university education. However, it was worth notice that Park Hui-rak pointed out through his writing that Bauhaus education method had already existed in the CQuntry before 1945 when korea was liberated from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. Park hinted in his book of "Korean Design History,199B" that the curriculum of primary school, then affiliated with Taegu Education College had been possibly influenced from Composition Education" idealogy led by Japanese Kawakita Rensichiro. In Japan, Bauhaus education method had been independently introduced by civilians like primary school teachers of Kawakita. However, the possible introduction of the informative art education in the country by way of Japan leaves a lot of things to be considered. Because, the introduction was carried out by Choson governor-General which took charge of colonial rule of korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to make full explanation on the introduction of formative art education and on the types. For that purpose, examinations on various materials and information released by many educational institutes as well as by choson Governor-General were included. As the result, it was possible to find out a trace of "Composition Education : Japanese Bauhaus Formative Art Education" in 1937, one year earlier pointed out. And it was remarkable that two interested books were found out, which mainly dealt with Spanung of Composition and Dynamic sense. Finally, through examinations in many aspects, five drawing education books written in 1930s, such as Drawing Guide Details and indication, were proved to be equal to Bauhaus Composition Education in terms of terminology and contents. Moreover, it has been made clear that Composition education Choson was made mostly under the control and management of Choson Governor-General in the of books on education systems in then education college.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-142
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• 2016

T-50 exportation to Indonesia embodied an objective of governmental policy and became a catalyst accelerating the exportation of domestic defense industries. Defense industry exportation is recognized as a new growth engine creating economic interests and it became an important policy of the government. This study will suggest an effective direction for the support policy of the defense industry exportation through analysis on factors behind the success of the T-50 exportation to indonesia in the view of policy network. Policy network theory has its efficacy and workability in analyzing what kind of results are yielded from each policy actor's attributes and their interaction during the execution and establishment of the support policy for the defense exportation. The type of policy network of the T-50 exportation to Indonesia was a policy community. Many governmental ministries, defense industry which is the group of interest, and experts from the research institutes have established the Korea Defense Trade Support Center(KODITS) for accomplishing common policy goal with mutually shared sentiment, and sought for a strategy for the success of the defense industry exportation having official and unofficial meeting centering around the KODITS. Although there were oppositions and conflicts among major actors, though forming a cooperative relationship among majority of the actors, policy-wise decision making for the exportation of the T-50 to Indonesia was efficiently carried out. The cooperative relationship was the key in the success of the T-50 exportation. Considering that the policy community from cooperative mutual interaction is efficient in reaching the goal of the defense industry exportation support policy, this study suggests operating government-wise temporary Task Force(TF) to succeed in big exportation projects such as the T-X exportation to the U.S. In addition, institutional and procedural supplementation such as regular meetings among the head of related governmental ministries and etc. are required in order to enhance the mutually cooperative relationship withing the TF.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.36-50
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• 2012

This study was carried out to find contradiction factors on laws for children's activity spaces and facilities and to suggest the rational options to control and manage those spaces and facilities by environmental and landscape planning methods. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The major laws related to the environmental safety for children's activity spaces are "Environmental Health Act (ERA)" for managing the environmental safety of children's activity spaces; "Safety Supervision Law of Children's Play Facilities(SSLCPF)" for the inspection and management for safety of children's play facilities; "Quality Management and Industrial Products Safety Management Law(QMIPSML)" for managing safety certification on children's play equipments. 2. The interior space such as "living room" by the Children's Welfare Law(CWL), "Children Park" by the Act on Urban Parks and Green Spaces(AUPGS), "classroom" on private educational institutes by the Act on Establishment and Operation Private Lesson and Training(AEOPLT) and "nursing room" of child care center smaller than $430m^2$ are needed to be managed as an activity space. 3. In order to reduce industrial burden in the production, establishment, construction, and operation and to minimize unwilling extra burden in the administration effort due to legally double regulate, it is necessary to mitigate the inspections on the equipment certificate from QMIPSML and overlapped or different factors and standards must be unified. With this study, the landscape domain could he enlarged from producing, import of play equipment and establishment, construction and operation of play facilities for a comprehensive range of activity spaces, and the landscape industry such as engineering industry, academic research, management, etc.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2007

Objectives : We study the feasibility and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin concurrent chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer patient undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and Methods : A 57-year old male with end stage renal disease developed stage III external auditory canal cancer. Complete resection surgery was done. Postoperative 6 months, local recurrence was occurred. Despite excision and adjuvant radiotherapy, local tumor was recurred. We decided to treat a cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of $20mg/m^2$ for 30 min. Hemodialysis was started 30 min after completion of the cisplatin infusion and performed for 4 hours. Hemodialysis was performed on day 3 and 5 of chemotherapy. Plasma samples were collected at specified times after administration of cisplatin. Result : At the end of the third cycle of cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the tumor size was markedly decreased. The maximum plasma concentrations of plasma platinum and free platinum were 0.74 and $0.37{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The area under the curve of plasma platinum and free platinum were 94.7 and $11.3{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ respectively. Conclusion : We report a case of Cisplatin concurrent chemoradiation for hemodialysis patient with advanced head and neck cancer and suggest full dose cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherpay is tolerable for these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-123
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• 1996

The world has moved from the Cold War between the east and the west and moved toward the age without idealogy. It places emphasis on economic benefit and welfare of its own nation as its main point With this world trend, in order to sam the competitiveness and the reconciliation of the divided nation the north and the south Korea should be united. Once the north and the south are united, information society will be altered with the huge flow of the civilization. At the same time, the issue of how to operate library policies and system, in which effective acquisition, manipulation, accumulation, and dissemination of information un would be very important. From this point of view, the following conclusions are obtained in this study. Firstly, when building a national library preparing for the national unification. it is essential to introduce 1) the concept of policy and system for information society and 2) that of policy and system which has national-culture as its focus. Secondly, it is essential to prepare the cooperative-structure between libraries prior to the national unification. This kind of cooperation should gradually expand to an extent that allows actual benefits such as building union catalog, inter-library loan system, resource sharing, standardized cataloging rules, and exchange of dissertation... etc. Thirdly, developing the library policies and systems for the national unification must be based on the concept of the mutual cooperation as inter-dependent model rather than on the concept of the incorporation-absorption as a dominant model. The next point the principles of the followings in preparing the library policies should be considered: 1) free-competition, 2) revolution of consciousness through the social education, 3) independence and love for humanity, 4) scientific or reasonable thinking, 5) job responsibility, 6) democratic citizenship, 7) mind far collective life, 8) spirit of public interest 9) globalization In addition, the model of the library systems preparing for thenational unification should include the followings : 1) uniformity of library system and its authority, 2) establishment of research institutes for library policy and system, 3) exchange of library establishment and information resources, 4) building library networks, 5) establishment of education systems for the library and information science and enhancement of its quality, 6) modernizing and developing information technology and its transfer. Finally, the libraries in the north and the south has different concepts, goals, information resources, and the different ways of using them. Considering the practical aspects of the libraries and the reasons for their existence, they must structure the mutual cooperative system so as to minimize the shock when confronting the social changes, so-called the national unification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.45-76
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate and understand the present status of various types of "deserts", such as sand desert, gravel desert, rock desert, earth desert, salt desert, desert, rocky desert, gobi desert, sandy desert, clay desert, etc., and the general countermeasures for the combating "desertification" "desertization", and to develop the technologies on the revegetation and restoration for the combating desertification in China. The methods of this study were mainly composed of field surveys on the several experimental sites and research institutes related to combating desertification in China, and examinations on the various technologies for the combating desertification at the Daxing Experimental Station of Beijing Forestry University. The conclusion from this study may be summarized as follows; 1. Status and tendency of desertification in China : China is one of the countries seriously threatened by desertification. Desertification affected areas in China are mainly distributed in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas in China, covering the most regions of the Northeast China (eastern region of Inner-Mongolia), the northern part of the North China (middle and western region of Inner-Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningsha, Gansu) and the western part of the Northwest China (Xinzang, Qinghai, Xizang). The total area affected by desertification in China is approximately 2.622 million $km^2$. It covers 27.3% of the total territory of China. Until recently, it is estimated that the annual spreading ratio of desertification in China is 2,460 $km^2$. Therefore, desertification is mostly serious problems facing to the Chinese people. 2. The causes and environmental effect of desertification : The desertification in China is mainly caused by compound factors, including natural condition and human activities. In China, the desertification is started by the decrease of precipitation, continuous dry and drought, strong wind, wind and water erosion, land degradation and loss of natural vegetation caused by climate variation, and accelerated by the human activities, such as over-cultivating, over-grazing, over-cutting of woods, irrational use of water resources. Because desertification has affected the geographical features, soil nutrients contents, salinity, vegetation coverage and the functions of ecosystem, the environmental deteriorations in the desertification affected areas are very seriously. 3. The fundamental strategies of combating desertification in China are the increase of education and awareness of people through various mass media, the revision of laws to guarantee operation of Desertification Combating Law and to improve many relating laws and regulations, the application of advanced technologies and training of experts, the establishment of discriminative policies, and increasing arrangement of budget-investment, and so on. China, as a signed country in UNCCD, has made efforts for the combating desertification. Korea is also signed country in UNCCD, so we should play an important role in the desertification combating projects of China for the northest asia and global environmental conservation as well as environmental conservation of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1996

Recently diseases related to personal health habit and lifestyle have become common in modern industrial society. These kinds of diseases can be prevented simply by changing one's lifestyle to be more healthy. As a result of realization our interest in general health has become stronger. The most basic environment for human-being in society is the home. Humans secure their livelihood, physically. mentally, and socially at home. Therefore health care at home is very important. In modern society the responsibility for this task is traditionally given to housewives. The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of the health knowledge, health concern, health behavior and family health care of the married women and to analyze its related factors. The subjects for this study. 1,100 married women who studied at social education institutes and who had children attending an elementary school or a kindergarten, were surveyed with questionnaires. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 7, to Aug. 19, 1995. With complement of questions, the main survey was carried out from Sep. 11, to Sep. 30, 1995. The data was analysed by using the SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics (1) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, the married women aged 30-39 were 54.8%, the average age was 39.8 years old. 33.8% of respondents had 6-10 years of marriage period, and the average marriage period was 14.9 years. Most of them(96.5%) lived with their husband. Those who graduated from college and graduate school were 53.4%. And 68.3% of respondents had no job. (2) In the family characteristics, 69.3% of the married women had 3 or 4 family members and the average family size was 4.1 person. 60.0% of the respondents had 2 children. Most of the respondents(90.9%) had no married children. 84.8% of the respondents lived with their parents. Those who reported that the total family income was more than 2,500,000 won a month were 32.3%. When making the decisions, 68.5% of the married women discussed the family matter with their husband. (3) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, 51.5% answered they were in good health. 61.7% of the married women answered they obtained the health knowledge through mass media. 24.3% of the women answered they had patients in their family in these days. 67.5% of the respondents answered they could generally control their health by themselves. 2. The Health Knowledge, Concern and Behavior. (1) For the health knowledge, the average score was 11.8. The lowest percent of correct answer(27.8%) was in the item about the skin tests for tuberculosis. And the highest percent(97.%) was in the item about taking a rest. (2) For the health concern, the married women had the highest concern about washing hands. But they were indifferent to smoking. (3) For the health behavior, the highest score was in "changing socks and underwear everyday", and the lowest one was in "taking a regular dental examination". 3. The Family Health Care (1) For the family health care, the item of "using a drug with the order of doctor or pharmacist" had the highest grade(4.78), and "consulting with the family physician about the health problem" had the lowest grade(2.03). (2) Older women and the women with a longer period of marriage had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). The married women who had 3 children had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). Those who had 5 or 6 family member and higher income had the highest level had the high level of the family health care(p<0.01). Women in good health and those who had the health knowledge from health experts had a high level of the family health care. (3) For the correlation of the family health care and other variables, the health behavior showed the highest correlation with family heath care practice(r=0.74) and the second was health concern(r=0.43). The variables which could explain the family health care were health behavior, the health concern and married women's health status(r²=55.87). The most closely associated with family health care was health behavior(r²=54.93)