• Title/Summary/Keyword: Repetitive pattern

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Reproducibility of Electromyography Signal Amplitude during Repetitive Dynamic Contraction

  • Mo, Seung-Min;Kwag, Jong-Seon;Jung, Myung-Chul
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.689-694
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    • 2011
  • Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluctuation of signal amplitude during repetitive dynamic contraction based on surface electromyography(EMG). Background: The most previous studies were considered isometric muscle contraction and they were difference to smoothing window length by moving average filter. In practical, the human movement is dynamic state. Dynamic EMG signal which indicated as the nonstationary pattern should be analyzed differently compared with the static EMG signal. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment, and EMG signal was recorded by biceps brachii, anterior/posterior deltoid, and upper/lower trapezius muscles. The subject was performed to repetitive right horizontal lifting task during ten cycles. This study was considered three independent variables(muscle, amplitude processing technique, and smoothing window length) as the within-subject experimental design. This study was estimated muscular activation by means of the linear envelope technique(LE). The dependent variable was set coefficient of variation(CV) of LE for each cycle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the main and interaction effects between the amplitude processing technique and smoothing window length were significant difference. The CV value of peak LE was higher than mean LE. According to increase the smoothing window length, this study shows that the CV trend of peak LE was decreased. However, the CV of mean LE was analyzed constant fluctuation trend regardless of the smoothing window length. Conclusion: Based on these results, we expected that using the mean LE and 300ms window length increased reproducibility and signal noise ratio during repetitive dynamic muscle contraction. Application: These results can be used to provide fundamental information for repetitive dynamic EMG signal processing.

An Analysis of the Patterns of Scientific Questions Generation among Elementary Science-Gifted and General Students (초등과학영재와 일반학생의 과학적 의문 생성 패턴 분석)

  • Eom, Ju Gyeong;Lee, Kil-Jae
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.537-548
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    • 2015
  • This study aims to identify and compare the patterns of scientific questions generation among elementary science-gifted and general students when conducting observational tasks. The pattern in generating scientific questions, which is distinguished from other types of scientific questions, is the manner that students generate a variety of types of questions in an inquiry process. To analyze the patterns in generating scientific questions, the task of observing dry grapes in soda pop, candlelight, and dyed celery were selected as suitable tasks. The subjects were 26 science-gifted students participating in a gifted education program and 27 general students in an elementary school in the same city. They were all sixth graders. The results of this study are as follows: First, the patterns of scientific questions generation among gifted students and general students during observational tasks were classified into five patterns: [Pattern 1] single, [Pattern 2] sequential, [Pattern 3] repetitive, [Pattern 4] circulative, [Pattern 5] repetitive, and circulative. Second, gifted students and general students presented all of the five patterns, but the frequency of the patterns indicated differences between the two groups. The gifted students primarily presented [Pattern 3] and [Pattern 5]. On the other hand, the general students mainly presented [Pattern 1], [Pattern 2], and [Pattern 3]. These results suggest that the ways of generating scientific questions are very much as important as the types of questions. Teachers can establish teaching-learning strategies for generating scientific questions appropriate to learner's characteristics.

A Study on The Characteristics of Interior Design In Design Hotels - Focusing on Tony Chi's Works - (디자인 호텔에 나타난 실내디자인 표현특성 - 토니 치의 작품을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sunyoung
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of interior space in his design hotel through the analysis of Tony Chi 's work and to present the direction of the design direction of the interior space of the design hotel in the future based on the results. The results are summarized as follows. First, the characteristics of the interior space of Tony Chi are divided into visual balance, repetitive rhythm, symbolic emphasis, exaggerated scale, design harmony, and physical borderlessness. Second, the spatial composition through visual balance was consistently shown in all cases, mainly by arranging elements such as furniture and lighting symmetrically. Third, the spatial composition through repetitive rhythm did not show its characteristics at the beginning of the works, but gradually appeared as repetitive rhythm expression using bold pattern. Fourth, Toni Chi constantly expressed the space composition through symbolic emphasis during the planning of the design hotel. Fifth, the exaggerated scale was mainly used to express the architectural detail vertically according to the height of the ceiling to express a grand space and appear in many works. Sixth, Toni Chi consistently expressed the composition of space through the harmony of design of oriental and western cultures, classical and modern designs in all cases. Seventh. In order to provide curiosity induction and aesthetic experience, spatial composition through physical borderlessness was used.

Finite-horizon Tracking Control for Repetitive Systems with Uncertain Initial Condition (불확실한 초기치를 갖는 반복시스템에 대한 유한구간 추종제어)

  • Choi, Yun-Jong;Yun, Sung-Wook;Lee, Chang-Hee;Cho, Jae-Young;Park, Poo-Gyeon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.297-298
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    • 2007
  • Repetitive systems stand for a kind of systems that perform a simple task on a fixed pattern repetitively and are widely spread in industrial fields. Hence, those systems have been of much interests by many researchers, especially in the field of iterative learning control (ILC). In this paper, we propose a finite-horizon tracking control scheme for linear time-varying repetitive systems with uncertain initial conditions. The scheme is derived both analytically and numerically for state-feedback systems and only numerically for output-feedback systems. Then, it is extended to stable systems with input constraints. All numerical schemes are developed in the forms of linear matrix inequalities. A distinguished feature of the proposed scheme from the existing iterative learning control is that the scheme guarantees the tracking performance exactly even under uncertain initial conditions. The simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed scheme.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic Imprinting Using the Response Surface Method (반응표면법을 이용한 초음파 임프린팅 공정의 최적화)

  • Jung, W.S.;Cho, Y.H.;Park, K.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 2013
  • The present study examines the micro-pattern replication on a plastic film using ultrasonic imprinting. Ultrasonic imprinting uses ultrasonic waves to generate repetitive microscale deformation in the polymer film. The resulting deformation heat on the surface of the film causes the surface region to soften sufficiently so that a replication of the micro-pattern can be obtained. To successfully replicate the micro-pattern on a large area of polymer film, a high replication ratio is needed as well as good uniformity over the entire region. In this study, a horn design is investigated by finite element analysis and is optimized through a response surface analysis. In the ultrasonic imprinting experiments, the response surface method was also used to determine the optimal processing conditions for better replication characteristics.

Hangeul Character Classification Model Based on Cognitive Theory and ART Neural Network (인지이론과 ART 신경회로망에 기반한 한글 문자 분류 모델)

  • Park Joong-Yang;Park Jae-Heung;Jang Jae-Hyuk
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we propose a new training algorithm for improving pattern classification performance of ART neural network. The proposed train algorithm restricts unnecessary cluster generation and transition, applies the location extraction algorithm, and operates the reset system based on the agreement between the present learning pattern and the initial pattern. As a result, repetitive input of a pattern does not generate a new cluster and mis-recognition rate decreases.

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Evaluation of the consistency and homogeneity of artificial latent fingerprint printed with artificial sweat (인공땀으로 출력한 인공지문의 균질성 평가)

  • Hong, Ingi;Hong, Sungwook
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2015
  • The consistency and homogeneity of repetitive printing of artificial fingerprint were evaluated using a visual minutiae comparison method and an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). The standard latent fingerprint pattern was prepared by the printing of a master digital fingerprint pattern with an inkjet printer cartridge case filled with artificial sweat. The master digital fingerprint pattern was prepared with a scanning of an inked fingerprint pattern of a living subject. The intensities of the master digital fingerprint pattern were adjusted by changing the 'output level' values of the Adobe Photoshop CS 5 software. Number of standard latent fingerprint patterns were printed and then developed with conventional latent fingerprint developing methods; ninhydrin treatment method and 1,2-indandion(1,2-IND)/$ZnCl_2$ treatment method. The ridge details of the latent fingerprint patterns developed with the reagents were visually compared with the inked fingerprint pattern and could confirm that the minutiae of both patterns are visually identical. The ridge detail of the inked fingerprint and reagent developed standard latent fingerprint patterns were compared with an AFIS. The average number of minutiae searched by the AFIS was $52.4{\pm}2.4$ (range = 48~56) for 50 ninhydrin developed latent fingerprint patterns, and $50.2{\pm}1.9$ (range = 47~53) for 50 1,2-IND/$ZnCl_2$ developed latent fingerprint patterns. These low standard deviation values over 50 repetitive printing demonstrated that the 50 standard latent patterns were printed with consistent and homogeneous manner.

Replication of Hybrid Micropatterns Using Selective Ultrasonic Imprinting (선택적 초음파 임프린팅을 사용한 복합 미세패턴의 복제기술)

  • Lee, Hyun Joong;Jung, Woosin;Park, Keun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2015
  • Ultrasonic imprinting is a micropattern replication technology for a thermoplastic polymer surface that uses ultrasonic vibration energy; it has the advantages of a short cycle time and low energy consumption. Recently, ultrasonic imprinting has been further developed to extend its functionality: (i) selective ultrasonic imprinting using mask films and (ii) repetitive ultrasonic imprinting for composite pattern development. In this study, selective ultrasonic imprinting was combined with repetitive imprinting in order to replicate versatile micropatterns. For this purpose, a repetitive imprinting technology was further extended to utilize mask films, which enabled versatile micropatterns to be replicated using a single mold with micro-prism patterns. The replicated hybrid micropatterns were optically evaluated through laser light images, which showed that versatile optical diffusion characteristics can be obtained from the hybrid micropatterns.

Design Development of Fashion Cultural Products based on Convergence of International Exposition Yeosu and Regional Culture (여수세계박람회와 지역문화의 융합을 기반으로 한 패션문화상품 디자인개발)

  • Kim, Sun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.61 no.1
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2011
  • With Expo 2012 Yeosu to be held in 2012, this study intends to propose designs for fashion cultural products into which the characteristics of local cultures of Yeosu are fused. Using symbols of Expo 2012 Yeosu and cultural symbols of Yeosu City as motifs, this study will develop patterns and then, apply them to neckties, handkerchiefs, and T-shirts. Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 will be used. This study developed basic motifs so that cultural resources using camellia, Odong Island, and the Turtle Ship, which represent Yeosu City, could be well harmonized with the topic of Expo 2012 Yeosu. This paper set three basic motifs of new formative images, using graphic images that were made by omission of forms, simplification, overlap, repetition, and calligraphy of the name of Yeosu holding the event. Each set motif was expanded to three motifs again through change, conversion, and mixture of colors, and three types of repetitive applied patterns were developed through revolution, symmetry, repetition, and reversal of each motif. The modern and refined image for neckties, to which the developed motif was applied, was made by directly applying the repetitive pattern of each motif or by making $45^{\circ}$ revolution. For handkerchiefs, revolution, enlargement, reduction, and gradation were applied to the motif so the pattern could be highlighted to the maximum and finally, a colorful image was developed. For T-shirts, three designs-a half-sleeved box type, a sleeveless round neckline type, and a sleeveless V-neckline tight type-were developed, through which availability of the design was increased. Through enlargement, reduction, revolution, and repetition of each motif, this paper layout the pattern on the whole part of a T-shirt, pursuing a decorative and casual image.

Numerical Analysis of Micro-pattern Filling with Gas Dissolution by Injection Molding Process (가스 용해를 고려한 금형내압제어 사출성형공정의 마이크로패턴 충전 해석)

  • Park, Sung Ho;Yoo, Hyeong Min;Lee, Woo Il
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2014
  • The injection molding process has several advantages enabling it to produce large quantities of molded plastic products using a repetitive process. In recent years, it has been necessary to develop an injection molding process with micro/nano-sized patterns for application to the semiconductor industry and to the bio/nano manufacturing industry. In this study, we apply gas pressure to the inside of a mold and consider the gas dissolution phenomenon for a resin filling into a micro pattern with a line structure. Using numerical analysis, we calculate the filling ratio with respect to time for various internal gas pressures and various aspect ratios of the micro-patterns.