• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.569-582
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• 2010

The following "Periodic Jacobi Procrustes" problem is studied: find the Periodic Jacobi matrix X which minimizes the Frobenius (or Euclidean) norm of AX - B, with A and B as given rectangular matrices. The class of Procrustes problems has many application in the biological, physical and social sciences just as in the investigation of elastic structures. The different problems are obtained varying the structure of the matrices belonging to the feasible set. Higham has solved the orthogonal, the symmetric and the positive definite cases. Andersson and Elfving have studied the symmetric positive semidefinite case and the (symmetric) elementwise nonnegative case. In this contribution, we extend and develop these research, however, in a relatively simple way. Numerical difficulties are discussed and illustrated by examples.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.56-69
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• 2005

In this paper, it is clearly shown that the two well-known necessary and sufficient conditions mp n as generic static output feedback pole-assignment and mp + d(m+p) n+d as generic minimum d-th order dynamic output feedback pole-assignment on complex field, unbelievably, do not match up each other in strictly proper linear systems. For the analysis, a diagram analysis is newly created (which is defined by the analysis of 'convoluted rectangular/dot diagrams' constructed via node-branch conversion of the signal flow graphs of output feedback gain loops). Under this diagram analysis, it is proved that the minimum d-th order dynamic output feedback compensator for pole-assignment in m-input, p-output, n-th order systems is quantitatively decomposed into static output feedback compensator and its associated d number of arbitrary 1st order dynamic elements in augmented (m+d)-input, (p+d)-output, (n+d)-th order systems. Total configuration of the mismatched data is presented in a Table.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.831-833
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• 2000

In this paper, a numerical analysis algorithm of eddy current testing(ECT) for heat exchanger tube with axi-symmetric defects using finite element method(FEM) is presented. In the ECT FEM analysis, we used trianglular and rectangular elements for exact signal of ECT for variable shape of defects. This paper presents a systematic and efficient numerical analysis algorithm for ECT. We employ the LU decomposition and Cholesky method for solving the system matrix. This numerical analysis algorithm is effectively applied to heat exchanger tube with defects.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2011

Mn doped ZnO films were prepared on Si (100) substrates using sol-gel method. The prepared films were annealed at $550^{\circ}C$ for decomposition and oxidation of the precursors. XRD analysis revealed the presence of ZnMnO hexagonal wurtzite phase along with the presence of small quantity of $ZnMn_2O_3$ secondary phase and poor crystalline nature. The 2D, 3D views of magnetic domains and domain profiles were obtained using magnetic force microscopy at room temperature. Rectangular shaped domains with an average size of 4.16 nm were observed. Magnetic moment measurement as a function of magnetic field was measured using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry at room temperature. The result showed the ferromagnetic hysteresis loop with a curie temperature higher than 300 K.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3957-3961
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• 2022

Deposition behaviors of Sr and Cs in various liquid cathodes, such as Zn, Bi, Cd, and Pb, were examined to evaluate their recovery from LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. Cations in the salt were deposited on the liquid cathode, exhibiting potential of -1.8 to -2.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Zn cathode had successful deposition of Sr and exhibited the highest recovery efficiency, up to 55%. Meanwhile, the other liquid cathodes showed low current efficiencies, below 18%, indicating LiCl-KCl salt decomposition. Sr was recovered from the Zn cathode as irregular rectangular SrZn₁₃ particles. A negligible amount of Cs was deposited on the entire liquid cathode, indicating that Cs was hardly deposited on liquid cathodes. Based on these results, we propose that liquid Zn cathode can be used for cleaning Sr in LiCl-KCl salt.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-100
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• 1980

This study was intended to computerize the structural analysis of two-dimensional continuum by finite element method, and to provide a preparatory basis for more sophisticated and more generalized computer programs of this kind. A computer program, applicable to any shape of two-dimensional continuum, was formulated on the basis of 16-degree-of- freedom rectangular element. Various computational aspects pertaining to the implementation of finite element method were reviewed and settled in the course of programming. The validity of the program was checked through several case studies. To assess the accuracy and the convergence characteristics of the method, the results computed by the program were compared with solutions by other methods, namely the analytical Navier's method and the framework method. Through actual programming and analysis of the computed results, the following facts were recognized; 1) The stiffness matrix should necessarily be assembled in a condensed form in order to make it possible to discretize the continuum into practically adequate number of elements without using back-up storage. 2) For minimization of solution time, in-core solution of the equilibrium equation is essential. LDLT decomposition is recommended for stiffness matrices condensed by the compacted column storage scheme. 3) As for rectangular plates, the finite element method shows better performances both in the accuracy and in the rate of convergence than the framework method. As the number of elements increases, the error of the finite element method approaches around 1%. 4) Regardless of the structural shape, there is a uniform tendency in convergence characteristics dependent on the shape of element. Square elements show the best performance. 5) The accuracy of computation is independent of the interpolation function selected.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2011

Electro-Discharge Sintering (EDS) employs a high-voltage/high-current-density pulse of electrical energy, discharged from a capacitor bank, to instantaneously consolidate powders. In the present study, a single pulse of 0.57-1.1 kJ/0.45 g-atomized spherical $Ti_{52}Zr_{28}Ni_{20}$ powders in size range of 10~30 and $30\sim50{\mu}m$ consisting of ${\beta}$-(Ti, Zr) and icosahedral phases were applied to examine the structural evolution of icosahedral phase during EDS. Structural investigation reveals that high electrical input energy facilitates complete decomposition of icosahedral phase into C14 laves and ${\beta}$-(Ti, Zr) phases. Moreover, critical input energy inducing decomposition of the icosahedral phase during EDS depends on the size of the powder. Porous Ti and W compacts have been fabricated by EDS using rectangular and spherical powders upon various input energy at a constant capacitance of $450{\mu}F$ in order to verify influence of powder shape on microstructure of porous compacts. Besides, generated heat (${\Delta}H$) during EDS, which is measured by an oscilloscope, is closely correlated with powder size.

• 전자공학회논문지T
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• 제35T권3호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 차량에 부착된 번호 판을 컴퓨터에 입력한 후 이를 색 분해법과 역전파 신경망을 이용하여 자동차 번호를 고속으로 추출할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 칼라 비디오 카메라에 의해 컴퓨터에 입력되는 자동차의 동화상을 R, G, B 신호로 분리한 후 승용차의 번호판 색상을 이용하여 R, G ,B의 각 농도에 맞는 임계치를 설정하여 2치화 시켜 번호판 영역을 추출한 후에 2 치화된 이 화상 신호를 프레임 버퍼에 기록하여 컴퓨터의 화상 데이터로 입력시켰다. 그리고 문자 인식 알고리즘을 적용한 후 문자 인식을 개선시키기 위해 역전파 신경 회로망을 적용하여 차랑 번호판 인식 시스템을 구현하였다. 또한 주변의 유사 색상의 존재로 인한 흔돈을 극소화시키기 위해 차량 번호판의 직사각형 구조를 이용하여 수평.수직선 추출 알고리즘을 사용하였으며 실험 결과 고속으로 차량 번호판 추출 및 인식이 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권1_2호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2002

복합 재료로 구성된 원판으로부터 여러 가지 패턴을 버려지는 부분이 최소화되게 배치시킨 후 절단하는 문제를 복합 재료 재단 문제라 부른다. 본 논문은 목적 함수의 비용 오류를 감내하는 영역 분할 분산 시뮬레이티드 어닐링 알고리즘을 MPI 환경하에서 복합 재료 재단 문제에 적용한다. 비용 오류 감내기법은 최적해 접근 특성을 유지하기 위하여 스트림 길이를 동적으로 변화하며 상태변환을 비동기적으로 수행한다. 또한 복합 재료 재단 도구 개발을 위한 여러 가지 모양을 가진 패턴의 정보 및 친화도 생성, 목적함수, 상태변환 방법, 어닐링 스케줄 및 이를 위한 효율적인 자료 구조에 대하여 정의한다. 배치될 패턴은 정형이나 convex 다각형으로 제한되어 있지 않고 어떠한 모양도 가능하며 원판은 복합 재료의 성격상 2 또는 4 방향으로 고정되어 있다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1018-1021
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• 2007

This paper explores the use of BEM based NAH to reconstruct the surface vibration of a plate in a rectangular finite cavity, in which the distances between sensors and the nearest points on the source surface are not equal. In such circumstances, different degree of information on propagating and non-propagating wave components will be detected by sensors at different positions, as well as the influence of measurement noise will vary significantly from the nearest points of measurement to the farthest ones. On the other hand, the condition number of the vibro-acoustic transfer function matrix relating normal surface velocities and field pressures will becomes high, numerically indicating an increase of linear dependency between rows of transfer function matrix. The combination of poor measurement and high condition number will result inaccurate reconstruction. Therefore, one approach to be investigated in this work is to select the measurement positions in such ways that reduce measurement redundancy, as it indicated by the condition number. The improvement is found to be significant in the numerical simulations utilizing two different criterions, spanning from over-determined to under-determined cases, and in the validation experiment.