• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reactive System

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Effects of the Spatholobi calulis extract on Antioxidation and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Human Skin Fibroblasts (계혈등 추출물의 항산화와 사람 피부 섬유아세포에서의 Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 발현저해 효과)

  • Sim Gwan Sub;Kim Jin Hwa;Lee Dong Hwan;Park Sung Min;Pyo Hyeong Bae;Zhang Yong He;Lee Bum Chun
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.20 no.1 s.90
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2005
  • The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by the UV irradiated skin fibroblast and the degradation of exracellular matrix (ECM) by these enzymes is known as one of the main reasons of photoaging. In this study, to investigate the relationship between aging and Spatholobi caulis extract, we examined the effects of antioxidant, in vitro MMP inhibition and expression of UVA-induced MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Spathoiobi caulis extract was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$ values of $45.81{\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $3.11{\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Spatholobi caulis extract inhibited the activities of MMP-1 in a does-dependent manner and the IC50 value calculated from semi-log plots was $31.96{\mu}g/ml$. Also, UVA induced MMP expression was reduced $74.66\%$ by treatment with Spatholobi caulis extract, and MMP-1 mRNA expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore Spatholobi caulis extract was able to significantly inhibit MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggested that Spatholobi caulis extract may act as an anti-aging agent by antioxidation and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.

Properties of Cement Paste Containing High Volume γ-C2S and MgO Subjected to CO2 Curing (γ-C2S 및 MgO를 다량 혼입한 시멘트 페이스트의 CO2 양생유무에 따른 특성변화)

  • Sung, Myung-Jin;Cho, Hyeong-Kyu;Lee, Han-Seung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.281-289
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    • 2015
  • Carbonation of concrete causes reduction of pH and subsequently causes steel corrosion for reinforced concrete structure. However, for plain concrete structure or PC product, it can lead to a decrease in porosity, high density, improvement of concrete, shrinkage-compensation. Recently, based on this theory, research of $CO_2$ curing effect has been performed, but it was mainly focused on its effects on compressive strength using only ordinary portland cement. Researches on $CO_2$ curing effect for concrete containing $CO_2$ reactive materials such as ${\gamma}-C_2S$, MgO haven't been investigated. Therefore, this study has performed experiments under water-binder ratio 40%, and the replacement ratios of ${\gamma}-C_2S$ and MgO were 90%. Micro-chemical analysis, measurement of compressive strength according to admixtures and $CO_2$ curing were investigated. Results from this study revealed that higher strength was measured in case of $CO_2$ curing compared with none $CO_2$ curing for plain specimen indicating difference between 1.08 and 1.26 times, in case of ${\gamma}-C_2S$ 90, MgO 90 specimen, incorporating high volume replaced as much as 90%, it was proven that when applying $CO_2$ curing, higher strength which has difference between 14.56 and 45.7 times, and between 6.5 and 10.37 times was measured for each specimen compared to none $CO_2$ curing. Through micro-chemical analysis, massive amount of $CaCO_3$, $MgCO_3$ and decrease of porosity were appeared.

Study of the effect of vacuum annealing on sputtered SnxOy thin films by SnO/Sn composite target (SnO/Sn 혼합 타겟으로 스퍼터 증착된 SnO 박막의 열처리 효과)

  • Kim, Cheol;Cho, Seungbum;Kim, Sungdong;Kim, Sarah Eunkyung
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2017
  • Conductive $Sn_xO_y$ thin films were fabricated via RF reactive sputtering using SnO:Sn (80:20 mol%) composite target. The composite target was used to produce a chemically stable composition of $Sn_xO_y$ thin film while controlling structural defects by chemical reaction between tin and oxygen. During sputtering pressure, RF power, and substrate temperature were fixed, and oxygen partial pressure was varied from 0% to 12%. Annealing process was carried out at $300^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in vacuum. Except $P_{O2}=0%$ sample, all samples showed the transmittance of 80~90% and amorphous phase before and after annealing. Electrically stable p-type $Sn_xO_y$ thin film with high transmittance was only obtained from the oxygen partial pressure at 12%. The carrier concentration and mobility for the $P_{O2}=12%$ were $6.36{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ and $1.02cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$ respectively after annealing.

Antioxidative and Cellular Protective Effects of Dolwoe (Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino) Extracts against Oxidative Stress (돌외(Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino) 추출물의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항산화 및 세포보호효과)

  • Kim, Kyoung Mi;Kim, A-Rang;Kim, A-Young;Ha, Ji Hun;Xuan, Song Hua;Jeong, Yoon Ju;Park, Young Min;Jeong, Hyo Jin;Hong, In Gi;Park, Soo Nam
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, component analysis, antioxidative activity and cellular protective effects against oxidative stress on human skin cells in 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) Makino. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activites ($FSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 246.8, 147.2, $128.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were 37.15, 10.74, $7.19{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. We investigated the cellular protective activity and the results showed that treatment of aglycone fraction ($0.05-0.39{\mu}g/mL$) protect human skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner when the skin cell damages were induced by treating them with $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that extract/fractions of G. pentaphyllum Makino may be applicable as natural antioxidants in cosmetics.

Effect of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Hepatic Microsomal and Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 System in Diabetic Rats (비타민 C의 보강이 당뇨쥐의 간 소포체와 미토콘드리아의 Cytochrome P450계에 미치는 영향)

  • 정연재;임은영;김해리
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.682-688
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    • 1997
  • This study was performed to investigate whether ascorbic acid can modulate the induction of CYP2E1 and prevent the lipid peroxidation which may cause diabetic chronic complication. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats(150~170g). Normal and diabetic group was randomly divided into three groups each; Control(CON, no supplementation), SUP1 (50mg/d ascorbate supplementation) and SUP2(250mg/d ascorbate supplementation). Ascobic acid was prepared daily by dissolving in drinking water and supplied for 4 weeks. There was no difference in hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial P450 contents between normal and diabetes. Hepatic microsomal N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) demethylase activity, which repre-sents contents of CYP2E1, was elevated in diabetes, but not significantly. The NDMA demethylase activity of diabetic SUP2 group was significantly lower activity than that of the diabetic CON group. However, no difference in hepatic mitochondrial NDMA demethylase activity was observed between the diabetes and the normal group. The result suggests that the induction of CYP2E1 in diabetes can be alleviated by ascorbic acid supplementation at the dose of 50mg1d. In addition, ascorbic acid supplementation showed dose-dependent reduction of hepatic microsomal TBARS contents in diabetic rats.

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The Inhibitiory Effects of the Scirpi rhizoma on Melanogenesis (삼릉추출물의 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과)

  • Lee, Bum-Chun;Kim, Jin-Hwa;Sim, Gwan-Sub;Zhang, Yong-He;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.4 s.54
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    • pp.305-310
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    • 2005
  • To obtain effective and safe depigmenting agents, we investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma, a medicine among Chinese herbs, on melanogenesis. Dried S. rhizoma was refluxed with 70% aqueous ethanol and the extract was evaporated to dryness. To determine the effects as a whitening agent, various in vitro tests were performed such as free radical scavenging activity, melanin formation assay, tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2(western blot and RT-PCR) in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma showed scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}\;of\;638{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $21.7{\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S. rhizoma significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma treatment(48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% at 100{\mu}g/mL$ and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that S. rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, S. rhizoma may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

Antioxidant Constituents from Melothria heterophylla; Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Ultraviolet A-irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts (백렴으로부터 항산화 물질의 분리와 자외선이 조사된 사람 섬유아세포의 Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Young-Ho;Kim, Jin-Hui;Sim, Gwan-Sub;Lee, Bum-Chun;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.4 s.54
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    • pp.323-327
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    • 2005
  • Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular consequence of ultraviolet irradiation on an aging, little is known about the effect of natural products. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) we known to play an important role in (a) photoaging. Hete we investigated the effect of $1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-gluco- pyranose (1)$ and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2) on the expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts (products), (on the) activity of MMP-1, and (on the) scavenging activities of free radicals. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from Melothria heterophylla (Cucurbitaceae). These compounds were found to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have the $SC_{50}$ values of $3.9{\mu}M\;and\;13.3{\mu}M$ against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and $4.3{\mu}M\;and\; 4.0{\mu}M$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the e):pression and activity of MMP-1 in the UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, we concluded that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, these compounds were determined to have a potent antioxidant activity. From these results, we suggest that these compounds nay be used as (a) new anti-aging agents for the photo-damaged skin.

Anti-Oxidative and Inhibitory Effect of Saussurea involucrata on MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblast (설련의 항산화능와 사람 섬유아세포에서 UVA에 의한 MMP-1발현 저해효과)

  • Sim, Gwan-Sub;Kim, Jin-Hwa;Na, Young;Lee, Dong-Hwan;Lee, Bum-Chun;Zhang, Yong-He;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.4 s.54
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    • pp.329-335
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    • 2005
  • In order to investigate the effects of Saussurea involucrata on (relationship between) aging (and Saussurea involucrata), we examined the activities of antioxidation, in vitro MMP inhibition and UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. S. involucrata showed scavenging activities radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$ values of $3.89{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $67.29{\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. At the concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$, S. involucrata showed 93.27% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. S. involucrata inhibited the activities of MMP-1 in a does-dependent manner and the $IC_{50}$ value calculated from semi-log plots was $97.18{\mu}g/mL$. Also, UVA induced MMP expression in human dermal fibroblasts was reduced 42.86% by treatment with S. involucrata, and MMP-1 mRNA expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore S. involucrata was able to significantly inhibit MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggested that S. involucrata might act as an anti-aging agent by antioxidation and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.

Regulation of toll-like receptors expression in muscle cells by exercise-induced stress

  • Park, Jeong-Woong;Kim, Kyung-Hwan;Choi, Joong-Kook;Park, Tae Sub;Song, Ki-Duk;Cho, Byung-Wook
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.1590-1599
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods: The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results: The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.

Evaluation of SO2 Absorption Efficiency for Calcined Oyster Shell Slurry Using a Simulated Spray Type-flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) System: A Comparative Study with Limestone Slurry (모사 Spray Type 배연탈황설비를 이용한 소성패각 슬러리의 SO2 흡수능 평가: 석회석과의 비교연구)

  • Kim, Seok-Hwi;Hong, Bum-Uh;Lee, Jin-Won;Cha, Wang-Seok;Kim, Kangjoo;Moon, Bo-Kyung
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2019
  • About 300,000 tones of oyster shell are annually produced in Korea and, thus, a massive recycling plan is required. Many desulfurizing studies using oyster shells with chemical composition of $CaCO_3$ have been performed so far; however, most of them have focused on dry desulfurization. This study investigates the possibility of using oyster shells for wet desulfurization after calcination. For this, a simulated wet desulfurization facility of spray type was devised and compared the SOx-stripping characteristics of calcined oyster shell with those of limestone. The calcined oyster shell slurry indicate a better desulfurizability than the slurries of raw shell or limestone because the oyster shell transformed to a more reactive phase ($Ca(OH)_2$) by the calcination and hydration. Because of this reason, when the calcined oyster shell slurries were used, the reaction residue showed the higher gypsum ($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) contents than any other cases. In the continuous desulfurization experiments, calcined oyster shell slurry showed a wider pH variation than limestone or raw oyster shell slurries, another clear indication of high reactivity of calcined oyster shells for $SO_2$ absorption. Our study also shows that the efficiency of wet desulfurization can be improved by the use of calcined oyster shells.