• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate cytotoxity of Sunbanhwalmyungeum extract. Cytotoxity was determined by MTT assay method. After tumor cell lines(G361, BI6F10, MDA, A549) transplantation, the extracts of SunBangHwalMyungEum and its composition oriental medicines were administered, cytotoxity was measured by absorbance. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Sunbanhwalmyungeum extract and its composition oriental medicines extracts showed the concentration was higher, the more cytotoxity increased. 2. Both water and ethanol extracts of Sunbanhwalmyungeum showed excellent cytotoxity against G361, B16F10, MDA, A549 and high cytotoxity over 80$\%$ against G361, B16F10, MDA except A549 at the concentration of 1000ppm. 3. In water extract, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gleditsiae Spina, Trichosanthis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix showed excellent cytotoxity. In ethanol extract, Gleditsiae Spina, Citri Pericarpium, Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Myrrha showed excellent cytotoxity. 4. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gleditsiae Spina, Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed high cytotoxity in both water and ethanol extrats. 5. In water extract, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Myrrha showed high cytotoxity against A361, Lonicerae Flos, Olibanum, Fritillariae cirrhosae Bulbus, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Manitis Squama against B16F10, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Manitis Squama against MDA, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae gigantis Radix against A549. 6. In ethanol extract, Lonicerae Flos, Trichosanthis Radix showed high cytotoxity against G361, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Gleditsiae Spina, Olibanum, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Fritillariae cirrhosae Bulbus, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Myrrha against B16F10, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Manitis Squama against MDA, Citri Pericarpium, Manitis Squama against A549.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.731-737
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 기존의 컨볼루션 부호화(강판정 비터비 알고리즘 사용)에 이용된 Radix-trellis 개념의 디코딩 방법을 Ungerboeck의 TCM/PSK 부호화 변조에 적용하여 TCM/PSK의 고속 복호 방식을 제안한다. 구체적인 예로서 16-stage, trellis 부호화 8-ary PSK의 경우를 다루었다. Radix-4와 Radix-16 격자 디코딩에 대하여 path metric(PM) 및 branch metric(BM) 값의 계산과정을 설명하고 모의 실험을 통하여 I-Q 값, branch metric 값 및 path metric 값 양자화 레벨에 따른 성능을 분석하여 이들의 적정 양자화 이진 심별(binary digit)수를 도출하였다.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2001년도 추계공동학술대회 논문자료집 정보화 젼략 패러다임의 변화에 대한 보기술의 대응
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• pp.199-199
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• 2001

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 Radix-$2^k$ 모듈라 곱셈 알고리즘 기반의 고속 RSA 지수승 연산기의 구현 방법을 제시하고 검증하였다. Radix-$2^k$ 모듈라 곱셈 알고리즘을 구현하기 위해 Booth receding 연산 알고리즘을 사용하였으며 최대 radix-16 연산을 위해 2K-byte 메모리와 2개의 전가산기와 3개의 반가산기의 지연을 갖는 CSA(carry-save adder) 어레이를 사용하였다. CSA 어레이 출력인 캐리와 합을 고속으로 가산하기 위해 마지막 덧셈기로써 캐리 발생과 지연시간이 짧은 가상 캐리 예측 덧셈기(pseudo carry look-ahead adder)를 적용하였다. 또한, 주어진 공정에서 동작 주파수와 처리량의 관계를 통해 Radix-$2^k$에서 설계 가능한 radix 값을 제시하였다. Altera FPGA EP2K1500E를 사용하여 기능을 검증한 후 삼성 0.35$\mu\textrm{m}$ 공정을 사용하여 타이밍 시뮬레이션을 하였으며 radix-16 모듈라 곱셈 알고리즘을 사용할 경우 모듈라 곱셈에 (n+4+1)14 의 클럭을 사용하여 1,024-bit RSA를 처리하는데 50MHz에서 5.38ms의 연산 속도를 측정하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.96-118
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• 2003

The effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract, known as depigmenting agent, on melanin biosynthesis was investigated in cellular level by using B16 mouse melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis was determined by mushroom tyrosinase assay traditionally using in vitro screening test. To determine whether Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract. Effects on cell proliferation, melanin biosynthesis, tyrosinase activity, DOPAchrome tautomerase activity, and expression level of mRNA for tyrosinase were examined. The maximum concentration of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract that was not inhibitory to growth of the cells was 2 mgml. At that concentration, melanin synthesis was significantly inhibited without cytotoxicity after 5 days, compared with untreated cells. The treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract reduced tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, the treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract did not affect significantly mRNA levels for tyrosinase. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis is correlated with the suppression of tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase activity more than altering mRNA levels of tyrosinase.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.2816-2830
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• 2022

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a method to design efficient multiplier for large integer multiplication, which is widely used in cryptography and scientific computation. On top of that, it has also received wide attention from the research community to design efficient hardware architecture for large size RSA, fully homomorphic encryption, and lattice-based cryptography. Existing NTT hardware architecture reported in the literature are mainly designed based on radix-2 NTT, due to its small area consumption. However, NTT with larger radix (e.g., radix-4) may achieve faster speed performance in the expense of larger hardware resources. In this paper, we present the performance evaluation on NTT architecture in terms of hardware resource consumption and the latency, based on the proposed radix-2 and radix-4 technique. Our experimental results show that the 16-point radix-4 architecture is 2× faster than radix-2 architecture in expense of approximately 4× additional hardware. The proposed architecture can be extended to support the large integer multiplication in cryptography applications (e.g., RSA). The experimental results show that the proposed 3072-bit multiplier outperformed the best 3k-multiplier from Chen et al. [16] by 3.06%, but it also costs about 40% more LUTs and 77.8% more DSPs resources.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-131
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• 1996

For the development of antimetastatic agent 41 kinds of crude drugs were used for the evaluation of inhibitory effect of several crude drugs on cell adhesion of pulmonary cancer cells and platelet aggregation. Results were obtained as follows: 1. Water extracts of crude drugs inhibited cell adhesion of A549 to complex extracelluar matrix over 40 % of contol were Houttuyniae Herba, Mylabris, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Meliae Cortex, Ferula Resina, Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba at the higher concentration of $10^{-3}g／ml$ while those inhibiting cell adhesion of Bl6-Fo over 40 % of control were $10^{-5}g／ml$ of Houttuyniae Herba, Aurantii Fructus, Lithospermi Radix, Zedoariae Rhizoma. Prunellae Spica, Foeniculi Fructus, Rbei Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Meliae Cortex, Ferula Resina and Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba. 2. MeOH extracts of crude drugs at the concentration of $4{\times}10^{-4}g／ml$ inhibiting cell adhesion of A549 specifically to single extracelluar matrix over 40 % of control were Lithospermi Radix, Agrimoniae Herba, Rhei Radix and Ferula Resina to collagen I, Houttuyniae Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Orostachys Herba, Sappan Lignum, Meliae cortex ferula Resina and Coicis Semen to collagen Ⅳ, Mylabris, Agrimoniae Herba to laminin, Houttuyniae Herba and Meliae Cortex to fibronectin. 3. NeOH extracts of crude drugs at the concentration of $4{\times}10^{-4}g／ml$ inhibiting cell adhesion of B16-Fo specifically to single extracelluar matrix over 60 % of control were Lithospermi Radix, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Meliae Cortex and Ferula Resina to collagen I, Lithospermi Radix, Bupleun Radix, Saiviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Ferula Resina and Acanthopanacis Cortex to collagen Ⅳ, Bupleuri Radix, Orostachys Herba to laminin, Houttuyniae Herba to fibronectin. 4. MeOH extracts of crude drugs inhibiting platelet aggregation over 40% of ADP control were at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Houttuyniae Herba, Angilicae gigantis Radix, Zedoariae Rhizoma. Coicis Semen and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Ferula Resina, Orostachys Herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Curcumac Radix, Carthami Flos, Lithospermi Radix, Gleditsiae Spina, Sappan Lignum, Acanthopanacis Cortex. These results suggest that several crude drugs including Ferula Resina, Houttuyniae Herba, Lithospermi Radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix chiefly have more possibility to exert antimetastatic activity and require in vivo antimetastatic study.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Background : Production of cytokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the local accumulation of inflammatory cells in patients with bronchial asthma. In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of asthma. Objective : We aimed to identify the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Lonicerae Flos and Paeoniae Radix on the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-16, and GM-CSF involved in the asthma model. Materials and Methods : In the study BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells were used. These cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-\alpha$ for artificial inflammatory expression. ${\beta}-actin$ messenger RNA (mRNA) was used for internal standard. After 24 hours of Lonicerae Flos, Paeoniae Radix, total cellular RNAs were collected treating RNA zol directly on the living cells. Then the transcriptional activities of IL-6, 16, GM-CSF were measured by RT- PCR with electrophoresis. Results : In the Lonicerae Flos study, the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-16 and GM-CSF was showed no inhibitory effect compared to the control group in all concentrations. In the Paeoniae Radix study, the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-l6 and GM-CSF was showed no inhibitory effect compared to the control group in all concentrations. Conclusion : This study shows that Lonicerae Flus and Paeuniae Radix have no inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-16 and GM-CSF in BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells. Advanced studies are required to investigate the other mechanisms of inhibitory effect by Lonicerae Flus and Paeoniae Radix in the asthma model.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2013

본 논문은 OFDM 시스템을 위한 효율적인 가변길이 radix-8/4/2 FFT 구조를 제안하였다. radix-8/4/2 연산을 수행하기 위해서 제안한 FFT 프로세서는 shared memory 구조를 사용하여 하드웨어가 단순하고 적은 면적을 차지한다. 메모리 사이즈를 줄이고 데이터들 간의 충돌을 피하기 위해 효율적인 In-place 메모리 엑세스 방법을 제안한다. 또한 회전인자(twiddle factor)를 위한 ROM 기반의 lookup 테이블 방식을 대신하여 적은 면적을 차지하는 회전인자 발생기를 제안한다. 제안한 FFT 프로세서는 802.11a, 802.16a, DAB, DVB-T/H 그리고 xDSL에서 요구하는 모든 FFT 샘플링 포인트인 64, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096 그리고 8192 포인트의 FFT 연산을 할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5579-5585
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• 2015

FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)는 DIT(Decimation -In-Time)와 DIF(Decimation-In-Frequency) 방식이 주로 사용되고 있다. DIF 방식은 Radix-2/4/8 등의 다양한 구조와 그 구현 방법이 개발되어 사용되고 있는데 반하여 DIT 방식은 순차적인 출력을 낼 수 있는 장점이 있음에도 불구하고 다양한 구조와 그 구현방법이 연구되지 못하였다. 이 논문에서는 순차적인 출력을 낼 수 있는 DIT Radix-8 FFT용 나비연산기 구조를 제안한다. 또한 기존에 주로 사용되어 온 Radix-2나 Radix-4 구조는 스테이지 수가 많아 연산지연시간이 길어지는 단점이 있다. 제안구조는 Radix-8의 알고리즘을 사용하였으므로 연산지연이 상대적으로 짧으며, 특히 큰 point의 FFT 구조의 경우에 스테이지의 수가 작아지는 장점을 갖는다. 제안구조의 나비연산기를 사용하여 4096-point FFT를 설계할 경우에, 4096개의 출력이 순서대로 출력되는 장점뿐 아니라 4개의 스테이지로 구성되므로 Radix-2를 사용하는 12 스테이지보다 연산지연이 짧은 장점을 갖는다. 따라서 제안 구조는 순차적인 출력과 짧은 연산지연을 요구하는 OFDM용 반도체 칩의 FFT 블록에 사용될 수 있다.