• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1580-1588
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• 2016

The 70% ethanol extract from Adenophora triphylla showed a strong antioxidant effect and reduced cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$ in SK-N-SH cells. The chloroform fraction from A. triphylla extract (AT-CH) among the six fractions showed strong DPPH radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger effects and the highest protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced SK-N-SH cell death. Bioactivity compounds were purified from AT-CH, and the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as ${\beta}$-sitosterol and daucosterol on the basis of $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, and EI mass spectra. ${\beta}$-Sitosterol and daucosterol also had protective effects against oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells. Phospho-p38 MAPK levels were elevated by $H_2O_2$ but were inhibited by treatment with AT-CH and phytosterols (${\beta}$-sitosterol and daucosterol) isolated from AT-CH. These results suggest that AT-CH has brain neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress ($H_2O_2$) by inhibiting activation of p38 pathways and scavenging intracellular ROS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

The polyamines are essential components of all eukaryotic cells and absolutely necessary for cell growth. In the present study, the cytoprotective role of polyamine was characterized. When $Ac_2F$ rat liver cells were treated with 1M 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dehydrochloride (AAPH), a water soluble free radical initiator, viability of the cells was noticeably decreased due to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxic effect of AAPH as well as ROS generation were significantly inhibited by the treatment of polyamines. Among polyamines, especially spermine at $20{\mu}M$ concentration exerted over $45\%$ inhibition of AAPH-induced ROS generation. Western blotting was performed to determine whether superoxide dismutase(SOD) or catalase (CAT) expression was involved in oxidative stress. The AAPH treatment blocked both SOD and CAT protein expressions. Spermine could recover those protein expressions to the untreated control levels. According to the result of cycline E measurement, AAPH might block the entry of the cells into S phase of the cell cycle. The reduced expression of cyclin E protein could be fully recovered by the addition of spermine. The antioxidative effects of spermine was also further proved by the apopotitic morphological analysis using ethidium bromide and acridine orange.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2015

This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of solvent extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis. The Asparagus cochinchinensis was extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ether. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by modified well diffusion methods against 4 species of respiratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In addition, the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms than water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ether extracts. For antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited a notable effect on the scavenging of superoxide against DPPH ($IC_{50}=3.81mg/ml$). Finally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $14{\pm}0.7mg/g$, and $0.50{\pm}0.13mg/g$, respectively. These results can be regarded as basic research into A. cochinchinensis for the prevention of respiratory diseases. The results indicate that A. cochinchinensis may be utilized as a nutraceutical for respiratory diseases when the physiologically active substances of A. cochinchinensis are increased by further study.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2014

In this study, functionality of products of silkworm hemolymph fermented by Bacillus species was studied such as cell viability, antioxidant effect, and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activities. A matured silkworm hemolymph was degraded by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 10854 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M27. Especially, proteins of matured silkworm hemolymph were degraded to 3,000 Da by fermentation with B. amyloliquefaciens M27. Cell viability for MTT assay was higher than PBS in hemolymph and fermented hemolymph. A DPPH free radical scavenging activity of fermented hemolymph was as higher as Vitamin C and dependent on sample concentrations. Thus, these results suggest that degraded hemolymph fermented by B. amyloliquefaciens M27 may have antioxidant properties as a material for cosmetics.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2020

The extracts of four species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms-Cantharellus cinnabarinus (OK1247), Lactarius parallelus (OK1264), Tricholoma matsutake (OK1282), and Ramaria botrytis (OK1283)-were prepared to determine their antioxidant activities and nutritional properties. R. botrytis extract displayed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (33.8%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.38), reducing power (0.35), total polyphenol (13.83 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), and flavonoid contents (2.56 mg quercetin equivalent/g). L. parallelus extract displayed the highest nitrite scavenging activity. Analysis of amino acid contents revealed that C. cinnabarinus extract had the highest total amino acid (1,046.1 mg/kg) and essential amino acid (404.9 mg/kg) contents, while R. botrytis extract had the lowest total amino acid (708.3 mg/kg) and essential amino acid (247.3 mg/kg) contents. Among the amino acid components detected in the four ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, cysteine was the most abundant, accounting for 14.3~20.7%, followed by phenylalanine, which accounted for 9.5~13.4% of all amino acids. In summary, the antioxidant activities were the highest in R. botrytis extract, and the amino acid content was the highest in C. cinnabarinus extract, among the four ectomycorrhizal mushrooms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on renal function, peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The crushed Gamigukihwandong-hwan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 74.95 g. Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract was oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}O_2^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and ONOO$^-$, and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. The Effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2^-$, NO and ONOO$^-$ in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, whereas the ones in the Gamigukihwandong-hwan administered group among the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward the natural activities. Gamigukihwandong-hwan might inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover the function of kidney.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2002

The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury as well as the modulation of hepatic fibrogenesis is causally associated with involvement of reactive oxygen species and free radical reactions. In this study, we investigated whether flavonoids (fustin, sulfuretin) which were isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RCS) have antioxidant and antihepatotoxicity effect under the biliary liver fibrosis condition. After surgery (control) and posttreated RCS methanol extract (250mg/kg), ethyl acetate extract (250mg/kg) and flavonoids were administered p.o. 10mg/kg/day in two weeks for control groups. The concentration of clinical parameters and product of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the hydroxyproline content were significantly increased in liver fibrosis developed rats. Among the clinical parameters of serum, value of ALT, AST, SDH, total bilirubin and ${\gamma}$ -GT in posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The content of hydroxyproline in posttreated RCS components-group showed lower than in control group and then the value of MDA in posttreated RCS components-group was also significantly reduced to 40~60% of that in control group. The hepatic xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidate activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The hepatic SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly higher than in control-group. Hence we concluded that active components of fustin and sulfuretin which were isolated from R. verniciflua Stokes were hepatoprotective effect in experimental liver fibrosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.29-45
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• 2019

Objectives This study is to investigate anti-obesity effects of Banggihwanggi-tang-hap-yeonggyechulgam-tang (BY), an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods Fourty five male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (Nor, n=9), high fat diet control group treated with water (Veh, n=9), high fat diet group treated with orlistat (Oris; n=9, Orlistat 40 mg/kg), high fat diet group treated with low concentraion BY (BYL; n=6, BY 0.87 g/kg) and high fat diet group treated with high concentration BY (BYH; n=6, BY 1.74 g/kg). Results Seven weeks later, antioxidative capacity, body weight, epididymal fat pad and liver weight, reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and histology of liver were evaluated. In the BYH group, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity were more than L-ascorbic acid. Body weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. Epididymal fat pad and liver weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. ROS and $ONOO^-$ were significantly less than with Veh group. ALT and AST were significantly less than with Veh group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly less, HDL were significantly more than Veh group. SOD, catalase, Gpx, HO-1 significantly increased compared with Veh group. Injury on liver was lesser than Veh group. Conclusions It can be suggested that BY has anti-obesity effects in high fat diet induced obese mice model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 2019

To evaluate the protective effect of Ecklonia cava on ultra-fine dust ($PM_{2.5}$)-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity and cell viability after exposure to $PM_{2.5}$. E. cava was extracted using water and 80% ethanol, and antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)/2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The 80% ethanol extract showed relatively higher antioxidant activity than the water extract. The cell protective effects were determined by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and viability of nasal epithelial (RPMI-2650), lung epithelial (A549), and brain neuroblastoma (MC-IXC) cells. Results showed that the 80% ethanol extract inhibited ROS production more than the water extract. In contrast, both extracts showed similar effects on cell viability in the $PM_{2.5}$-induced cell death assay. Thus, Ecklonia cava may act as an effective resource for preventing $PM_{2.5}$-induced cytotoxicity in nasal, lung, and brain cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.358-365
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• 2011

The antioxidant and neuronal cell-protective effects of hot water extract from commercial buckwheat tea (CBTE) were evaluated. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect of the CBTE increased in a dose-dependent manner. The Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that resulted from hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatment more significantly decreased when CBTE was present in the media than when the PC12 cells were treated only with $H_2O_2$. In the neuronal cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT), the aqueous extracts showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium was also inhibited by CBTE. The total phenolics of CBTE was 9,608.10 mg/100 g, and the major phenolic compounds were rutin (13.42 mg/100 g) and quercitrin (0.90 mg/100 g). These data suggested that CBTE, including the aforementioned phenolics, may be useful in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease.