• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

Densities (ρ) for binary mixtures of ethanol (1) + diisopropyl ether (DIPE) or cyclohexane or alkane (C₆-C₉) (2) were measured at 298.15 K, 308.15 K and 318.15 K. The excess molar volume (V^E_m) of binary mixtures was calculated using ρ data and correlated with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The V^E_m values for binary mixtures of ethanol (1) + cyclohexane or n-alkane (C₆-C₉) (2) were positive, whereas for ethanol (1) + DIPE (2) these were negative. The magnitude of V^E_m values follows the order: cyclohexane > n-nonane > n-octane > n-heptane > n-hexane > DIPE. The V^E_m values have been interpreted qualitatively and also quantitatively in terms of Flory-Treszczanowicz-Benson (FTB) model and Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory. The values V^E_m predicted using FTB model agree well with experimental V^E_m values at all mole fractions. But the PFP theory describes well V^E_m data in ethanol-rich region (x₁ > 0.5) for all binary mixtures and is able to predict the sign of V^E_m vs x₁ curve for ethanol-lean region (x₁ < 0.5) except for ethanol (1) + nonane (2) mixtures.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.826-832
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• 2008

The metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor in the ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) embedded RFID chip is used in both the memory cell region and the peripheral analog and digital circuit area for capacitance parameter control. The capacitance value of the MFM capacitor is about 30 times larger than that of conventional capacitors, such as the poly-insulator-poly (PIP) capacitor and the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. An MFM capacitor directly stacked over the analog and memory circuit region can share the layout area with the circuit region; thus, the chip size can be reduced by about 60%. The energy transformation efficiency using the MFM scheme is higher than that of the PIP scheme in RFID chips. The radio frequency operational signal properties using circuits with MFM capacitors are almost the same as or better than with PIP, MIM, and MOS capacitors. For the default value specification requirement, the default set cell is designed with an additional dummy cell.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

고체연료 램제트 추진의 경우 간단한 구조에 비해 높은 성능과 추진력을 얻을 수 있는 매력적인 추진기관이다. 본 연구의 목적은 두가지 유형의(스파이크 & 피토) 흡입구에 대한 공기역학적 특성을 파악함에 있다. 마하수 3.0의 실험조건에서 연소실의 압력과 $0^{\circ}$와 $4^{\circ}$의 받음각의 변화에 따라 흡입구 벽면의 압력값을 측정하였다. 본 연구는 초음속 유동장치와 쉴리렌 시스템을 이용하여 수행되었으며 동일 실험조건에서 스파이크 형이 피토 형보다 약 2배 높은 전압력 회복율을 나타내었다. 전산유체 해석을 통하여 흡입구 내부흐름을 실험결과 값과 비교 분석하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.468-481
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• 2002

There are 4 CANDU6 type reactors operating at Wolsong site. For fuelling operation of certain fuel channels (with flow less than 21.5 kg/s) a FARE flow Assist Ram Extension) device is used. During the refuelling operation, two remote controlled F/Ms (Fuelling Machines) are attached to a designated fuel channel and carry out refuelling job. The upstream F/M inserts new fuel bundles into the fuel channel while the downstream F/M discharges spent fuel bundles. In order to assist fuelling operation of channels that has lower coolant How rate, the FARE device is used instead of F/M C-ram to push the fuel bundle string. The FARE device is essentially a How restricting element that produces enough drag force to push the fuel bundle string toward downstream F/M. Channels that require the use of FARE device for refuelling are located along the outside perimeter of reactor. This paper presents the FARE device design feature, steady state hydraulic and operational characteristics and behavior of the device when coupled with fuel bundle string during fuelling operation. The study showed that the steady state performance of FARE device meets the design objective that was confirmed by downstream F/M C-ram force to be positive.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.775-787
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• 2014

Availabilities of subsea Blowout Preventers (BOP) in the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (GoM OCS) is investigated using a Markov method. An updated ${\beta}$ factor model by SINTEF is used for common-cause failures in multiple redundant systems. Coefficient values of failure rates for the Markov model are derived using the ${\beta}$ factor model of the PDS (reliability of computer-based safety systems, Norwegian acronym) method. The blind shear ram preventer system of the subsea BOP components considers a demand rate to reflect reality more. Markov models considering the demand rate for one or two components are introduced. Two data sets are compared at the GoM OCS. The results show that three or four pipe ram preventers give similar availabilities, but redundant blind shear ram preventers or annular preventers enhance the availability of the subsea BOP. Also control systems (PODs) and connectors are contributable components to improve the availability of the subsea BOPs based on sensitivity analysis.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 유럽형 DTV용 FFT를 설계하고 Stratix EP1S25F672C6 FPGA를 이용하여 구현하였다. SIC 구조를 사용하여 FFT를 구현하였으며, 사용된 SIC 구조는 특정 알고리즘 처리 연산을 수행하기 위한 처리기와 RAM 메모리, 레지스터들과 전체 블록 및 부분 블록의 동작을 통제하기 위한 조정기로 구성된다. 디자인된 FFT는 DVB-T 표준사양을 만족하도록 2K/8K FFT 연산을 처리 가능하며, 선택적으로 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32의 4가지 보호구간 모드를 모두 지원한다. 구현된 FFT는 사용된 Stratix FPGA에 전체 로직의 12%, 전체 메모리의 53%를 사용한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권5_6호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

기존 운영체제들은 물리적 메모리보다 더 많은 양의 메모리를 사용자에게 제공하기 위하여 가상 메모리 페이징 시스템을 사용한다. 가상 메모리 페이징 시스템에서는 물리적 메모리가 부족해지면 교체되는 메모리 내용을 저장시킬 수 있는 스왑 장치를 필요로 하는데, 기존 운영 체제들에서는 디스크를 스왑 장치로 사용한다. 디스크는 물리적 메모리에 비해 접근 속도가 매우 느리기 때문에 스왑핑이 일어나면 물리적 메모리의 접근 시간에 비해 많은 시간을 기다려야 한다. 여러 대의 PC를 빠른 네트웍으로 묶는 클러스터 환경에서는 디스크의 접근 시간보다 네트웍을 통하여 다른 워크스테이션의 메모리에 접근하는 시간이 더 빠르기 때문에 사용 가능한 다른 워크스테이션의 메모리를 디스크 대신 빠른 장치로 사용하고자 하는 네트웍 램이 제시되었다. 본 논문에서는 Linux 운영 체제에서 스왑 장치 관리자로 네트웍 램을 설계, 구현하여 디스크를 스왑 장치로 사용하는 시스템보다 네트웍 램을 스왑 장치로 사용하는 시스템이 프로그램 수행 속도에 있어 평균 40.3%의 성능 향상이 있었다. 그리고 기존 RAID 시스템에서 사용하던 안정성 제공 방법과 다른 프로세서의 성능을 효율적으로 이용하는 새로운 안정성 제공방법을 제시하였고 평가 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 새로운 안정성 제공 방법인 압축을 이용한 복사본을 두는 방법은 적은 서버 메모리와 메시지를 사용하여 유사한 성능을 나타낸다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2014

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell specific mitogen, has been implicated as a critical factor influencing tumor related angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms of VEGF with risk of breast cancer in Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: We screened DNA samples of 192 sporadic breast cancer patients and 192 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched control individuals for VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +405C>G polymorphism, we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and strong association of +405GG genotype was observed with three fold risk for breast cancer (OR=3.07; 95%CI 1.41-6.65; p=0.003). For the +936C>T polymorphism, significant associations of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes were observed with elevated risk of breast cancer (p=0.021; 0.023). The combined genotype combinations of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer (p=0.04; 0.0064). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated significant associations of VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased breast cancer risk in patients from Punjab, North India.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2007

This study was surveyed from January to september, 2007 in order to evaluate the function of coastal wetland as a ecological axis in korea peninsula. Assessment was done by RAM (Rapid Assessment Method). RAM is consisted of total 8 contents and divided into high, moderate, low. The preservation grade of RAM is divided into 4 grades; absolute preservation, preservation, improvement and improvement or restoration. Throughout survey on total 14 wetlands of marine, estuary wetland and back marsh which are distributed in west coast in chung-nam province, their function was assessed. As result, total all the 14 wetlands were judged as preservation grade by assessment of 8 functional contents. The function of wetlands assessed as preservation grade showed high in water quality protection and improvement. Also, showed high in vegetation diversity, wildlife habitat and aesthetic recreation. Meanwhile, showed low in ground water recharge, Shoreline/Stream Bank Protection, Flood/Stormwater storage and Flood flow alteration. Of wetlands evaluated as preservation grade, Dae-ho, Sinduri, Bu-Nam lake, Sowhang dune and keum river estuary were assessed as absolute preservative area owing to habitation of international protection species and endangered species. These wetlands are essential to be managed continuously as a area having high ecological value. Farther, this wetlands will be done as a axis of ecological network related to land ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

Objectives: This study is designed to evaluate the mechanical stability of orthodontic mini-implants with vertical grooves in rabbits. Materials and Methods: This study was done from March 2011 to February 2012 in Dental Research Institute of Seoul National University. Thirty-two mini-implants in the control group and 32 in the rotation bump (RB) group were inserted in the tibias of 16 rabbits and were removed after two weeks and four weeks, respectively. The maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), torque ratio (TR) of MRT to MIT and removal angular momentum (RAM) were all measured at the time of removal. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in MIT and MRT at two weeks or four weeks. However, TR and RAM at four weeks in the RB group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). TR of the RB group was significantly increased at four weeks (P<0.05). In both groups, RAM at four weeks was significantly higher than at two weeks (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that RB of the mini-implant could provide resistance to the removal rotation, although it did not increase the MRT.