• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1288-1299
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• 2017

Composting is widely used to transform waste into valuable agricultural organic fertilizer. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their role in composting remains poorly understood. In the present study, the community structure, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacteria were analyzed using cloning and sequencing methods by targeting the 16S rRNA gene and the hydrazine oxidase gene (hzo) in samples isolated from compost produced from cow manure and rice straw. A total of 25 operational taxonomic units were classified based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, and 14 operational taxonomic units were classified based on hzo gene clone libraries. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and deduced HZO protein sequences from the corresponding encoding genes indicated that the majority of the obtained clones were related to the known anammox bacteria Candidatus "Brocadia," Candidatus "Kuenenia," and Candidatus "Scalindua." The abundances of anammox bacteria were determined by quantitative PCR, and between $2.13{\times}10^5$ and $1.15{\times}10^6$ 16S rRNA gene copies per gram of compost were found. This study provides the first demonstration of the existence of anammox bacteria with limited diversity in cow manure composting.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1997

The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study The gene expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), c-myc and c-fos were investigated in L1210 cells. Adriamycin- or vincristine-resistant L1210 cells, L1210AdR or L1210VcR, respectively, has been identified to overexpression of mdr1 gene. The expression leve of MRP gene in L1210AdR and L1210Cis was more decreased than that in L1210 cells. The c-myc and c-fos genes were expressed both in L1210 and resistant sublines. In L1210AdR, the expressions level of c-myc and c-fos genes were decreased than in L1210. However, in L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fosgene expressionwere rather increased than L1210. These results suggested that MRP does not contribute in resistance of drug-resistant L1210 cells and there is no relations between MRP and mdr1 gene expression. The expression of c-myc and c-fos gene may be changed during transformation of L1210 to drug-resistant sublines.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated molecular divergences and phylogenetic characteristics of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene sequences from the order Oscillatoriales (Cyanobacteria). The rpoB of Oscillatoriales showed higher genetic divergence when compared with those of 16S rRNA (p-distance: rpoB=0.270, 16S=0.109), and these differences were statistically significant (Student t-test, p<0.001). Phylogenetic trees of 16S rRNA and rpoB were generally compatible; however, rpoB tree clearly separated the compared Oscillatoriales taxa, with higher phylogenetic resolution. In addition, parsimony analyses showed that rpoB gene evolved 2.40-fold faster than 16S rRNA. These results suggest that the rpoB is a useful gene for the molecular phylogenetics and species discrimination in the order Oscillatoriales.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1998

The transgenic tomato plants showing the insecticidal activity against the coleopteran insect larvae have been bred to the 4th generation $(R_4)$. The Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (B.t.t.)-toxin gene and the expression were detected in the $R_4$ transgenic plants. The expression of the toxin gene conferred a coleopteran insect larvae tolerance to the transgenic tomato plants. The ploidy levels of the $R_4$ transgenic plants were diploid. The results indicated that the toxin gene was inherrited to the next generation and expressed. Such a molecular breeding can provide a method for a permanent control of insects a agronomic relevance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6949-6954
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• 2014

Background: Recent studies have indicated that microRNA-15a (miR-15a) is dysregulated in breast cancer (BC). We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-15a in BC tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues. We also focused on effects of miR-15a on cellular behavior of MDA-MB-231 and expression of its target gene synuclein-${\gamma}$ (SNCG). Materials and Methods: The expression levels of miR-15a were analysed in BC formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. CCK-8 assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to explore the potential functions of miR-15a in MDA-MB-231 human BC cells. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed direct targets. Results: Downregulation of miR-15a was detected in most primary BCs. Ectopic expression of miR-15a promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in vivo. Further studies indicated that miR-15a may directly interact with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of SNCG mRNA, downregulating its mRNA and protein expression levels. SNCG expression was negatively correlated with miR-15a expression. Conclusions: MiR-15a has a critical role in mediating cell cycle arrest and promoting cell apoptosis of BC, probably by directly targeting SNCG. Thus, it may be involved in development and progression of BC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.557-562
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• 2007

This study was carried out to discriminate Hanwoo from the milking and hybrid cattle by detection of MC1R gene related to bovine hair color. One hundred sixty six samples were collected from the abattoir (n = 106) and local market (n = 60). The beef from abattoir were originated from Hanwoo (n=27), Holstein (n=29), Hybrid (n=45) and imported cattle (n=5), respectively. The beef from market consisted of Hanwoo (n=36), Holstein (n=7) and imported ones (n=17). Commercialized screening kit (Kogenebiotec, Korea) was used for MC1R gene analysis. As a result, Hanwoo was discriminated from Holstein. However, 9 of 45 hybrid and 11 of 22 imported beef samples were indistinguishable from Hanwoo. It could be explained by second generation of crossing of Hanwoo with Holstein or the cattle with silver or yellow hair. This results suggest that additional tests as well as MC1R gene detection be needed to confirm Hanwoo beef among cattle beef.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.830-838
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• 2020

The histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) is an abundant global regulator of environmentally controlled gene expression. Herein, we demonstrate that H-NS represses the expression of LeuO, the master regulator of the cyclic(Phe-Pro)-dependent signaling pathway, by directly binding to the upstream region of the gene. H-NS binds to a long stretched region (more than 160-bp long), which overlaps with binding sites for ToxR and LeuO. A high quantity of H-NS outcompetes ToxR for binding to the cis-acting element of leuO. However, our footprinting analyses suggests that the binding of H-NS is relatively weaker than LeuO or ToxR at the same molarity. Considering that the DNA nucleotide sequences of the upstream regions of leuO genes are highly conserved among various Vibrio, such patterns as those found in V. vulnificus would be a common feature in the regulation of leuO gene expression in Vibrionaceae. Taken together, these results suggest that, in species belonging to Vibrionaceae, H-NS regulates the expression of leuO as a basal stopper when cFP-ToxR mediated signaling is absent.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2022

Malaria elimination and control require prompt and accurate diagnosis for treatment plan. Since microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are not sensitive particularly for diagnosing low parasitemia, highly sensitive diagnostic tools are required for accurate treatment. Molecular diagnosis of malaria is commonly carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 18S rRNA gene, while this technique involves long turnaround time and multiple steps leading to false positive results. To overcome these drawbacks, we compared highly sensitive cytochrome oxidase gene-based single-step multiplex reaction with 18S rRNA nested PCR. Cytochrome oxidase (cox) genes of P. falciparum (cox-III) and P. vivax (cox-I) were compared with 18S rRNA gene nested PCR and microscopy. Cox gene multiplex PCR was found to be highly specific and sensitive, enhancing the detection limit of mixed infections. Cox gene multiplex PCR showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. This approach can be used as an alternative diagnostic method as it offers higher diagnostic performance and is amenable to high throughput scaling up for a larger sample size at low cost.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 1995

From the plasmid pYA300 carring a CMCase of Rhizobium fredii USDA193 plasmid was subcloned into pBluescript II KS(+)/pBluescript II SK(+) vectors and designated pYA500 and pYA600, respectively. Escherchia coli cells transformed with pYA500 porduced the CMCase more than with pYA600. The orientation of the cloned fragment in pBluescript vector had the effect on gene expression in E. coli background. When the 1.7 kb CMCase gene fragment of R. fredii USDA193 was hybridized to EcoRI-digested total DNA from R. meliloti and R. fredii USDA 191 the unique bands hybridized respectively, indicating that some genetic diversity exists in the EcoRI restriction enzyme site for CMCase gene in Rhizobium strains. The optimum pH of enzyme activity was 7 and the optimum temperature of that was nearly 37$\circ$C. The cellulase-minus derivatives of pYA500 were constructed by Tn5 insertional mutation. Among 6000 transconjugants, two mutant plasmids (designated pYA500::Tn5a and pYA500::Tn5b) were detected from the cellulase- negative transconjugants. The product of CMCase gene was analyzed by one dimensional SDS- PAGE of the cell extracts. About 45 kDa protein was considered to be a product of CMCase gene.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 1983

The penicillin G acylase(pga) gene was cloned in the vector plasmid pKM $300(Ar^r,\;Tc^r,\;6.33kb)$ for the study of the structure and expression of the pga gene. This recombinant plasmid pPAKS-1 DNA(24.5 Kb) was cleaved into 2 fragments by restriction enzyme Eco R1.1fragment by BamH1, 4fragments by Hind III, and 2 fragments by Pst I. The pga gene was located on the Eco R1.Hind III-C fragement of pPAKS-1. The recombinant plasmids pPAKS-1 and pPAKS-2, in which the Hind III-B and Hind III-D fragments pPAKS-1 are deleted, are characterized. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Doubling times of bacterial strain bearing pPAKS-1 and pPAKS-2 are 90 and 60 minutes, respectively. 2. pPAKS-1 and pPAKS-2 are present at about 16-32 and 70 copies per cell, respectively, are 0.66 and 5.5 units, respectively, which represent 2-fold and 20-fold higher enzyme 4. pPAKS-1 is very unstable, but pPAKS-2 is stable.