• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.202-215
• /
• 2000

Intake frequency of one food is often associated with other food items, but few studies examined the relationship of food intake frequency among food items. Finding the relationship among intake frequencies of different food might be useful to understand the food intake patterns of population and correlated foods would be used as an indicators of another food intake. Relationship of food intake can be also applied to make a more simple and useful form of food frequency questionnaire to assess the association between diet and various diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation of intake frequency among food items in food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A FFQ with 84 food items was administered to 14533 Korean males who 40-65 years of age participating Korean cancer research survey. Data fromm 7647 subjects who completed FFQ were used to examine correlation among food items with three different methods-log linear regression models, Spearman correlation coefficients and cell frequency distribution. To examine the rank correlation, coefficients were calculated by Spearman correlation after scoring the frequency categories. Three most correlated foods were selected in every food intems by three methods each. In most food items, there was positive correlatin, except cooked rice and cooked brown rice, in intake frequency between foods that belonged to similar food groups. But serveral food items-Sausage (processed fish, cheese), Milk (whilte bread, orange juice), Soymilk(other juices), Cheese (pizza, butter), and Coffee(thick beef soup)-showed correlation among totally different food groups. Two sets of food items which were selected by log linear regression model and Sperman correlation coefficients were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 18 food items, 2 common foods in 47 items, 1 common food in 16 items and no common food in 3 items among 3 ranked foods. Three sets of selected food were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 5 food items, 2 common foods in 21 items, 1 common food in 34items and no common food in 24 items among 3 ranked foods. These results indicate that certain patterns exist among intake frequencies of specific food items in the FFQ. More researches are suggested to understand the relationshiops among the intakes of foods so that this information can be used in developing better FFQ or analyzing missing items from self-administered FFQ.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2023

Objectives We tried to examine the change in the test-retest response for the questionnaire itself regarding the QSCCII. Methods Tests were conducted twice times with an interval of 6 months between tests for test-retest reliability analysis. We examined the test-retest answer agreement rate (%) in all items of QSCCII . We conducted NcNemar analysis to examine test-retest reliability for 77 items selected from the QSCCII. Results The body shape-multiple-choice items showed a tendency of low test-retest agreement rate and most of the questions about when I was not well and when I felt my body condition improve showed an high test-retest agreement rate tendency in all items of QSCCII. As a result of the research on the selected 77 items, there was a significant change in the answer in item No.25, 58(in the item of Soeumin) item No.45, 103(in the item of Taeumin) and item No.87 (in the item of Soeumin) (Table.3, 4, 5, 6). Conclusion The QSCCII is shown as a questionnaire composed of mostly no significant response changes in test-retest in each item through this study. Some items were appropriately deleted in the process of developing the advanced model, but there are also items that should be considered further. It is thought that some items should be used after being refined in content and form.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The process of designing a questionnaire is complicated. Many questionnaires on nursing phenomena have been developed and used by nursing researchers. The purpose of this paper was to discuss questionnaire design and factors that should be considered when using existing scales. Methods: Methodological issues were discussed, such as factors in the design of questions, steps in developing questionnaires, wording and formatting methods for items, and administrations methods. How to use existing scales, how to facilitate cultural adaptation, and how to prevent socially desirable responding were discussed. Moreover, the triangulation method in questionnaire development was introduced. Results: Steps were recommended for designing questions such as appropriately operationalizing key concepts for the target population, clearly formatting response options, generating items and confirming final items through face or content validity, sufficiently piloting the questionnaire using item analysis, demonstrating reliability and validity, finalizing the scale, and training the administrator. Psychometric properties and cultural equivalence should be evaluated prior to administration when using an existing questionnaire and performing cultural adaptation. Conclusion: In the context of well-defined nursing phenomena, logical and systematic methods will contribute to the development of simple and precise questionnaires.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2009

Background and purpose : We previously developed questionnaire of Yukmijiwhang-tang symptom on the Delphi method. But developed a questionnaire was not verified in the clinical. So, to ensure objectivity, quantification and validity, verification is needed for questionnaire items before applying a clinical. On this study, we looked at whether questionnaire items had been validity in the clinical. Methods : The previously developed questionnaire of Yukmijiwhang-tang symptom was applied to 200 patients who visited 12 local oriental medicine clinics. Item data were analyzed by factor analysis and reliability test. Results : The developed questionnaire showed remarkable reliability.(Cronbach's $\alpha$=0.869) In factor analysis, items were clustered to 6 factors. Conclusions : The results of this study indicate that the developed quetionnaire is reliable and valid for Yukmijiwhang-tang symptom. It can be used to evaluate Yukmijiwhang-tang symptom objectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1980

The Occupational Job Stress Indicies Questionnaire is a selfadministered instrument consisting of 48 questions which are designed to collect the perceived Job stress about individual. This questionnaire was translated into Korean and applied to the selected groups of 300 blue collar workers musical manufacture industy for the purpose of assessing the it's reliability from April 1. to July 30, 1980. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The range of reliability coefficients for all indices was. 45-.75 which was lower than .54-.87 of original. 2. The inter-item correlation matrix for all items comprising an index along with the intercorrelation of these items with the items comprising closely related indices. 3. The reliability of JOB SATISFACTION, INTRINSIC REWARDS and IMPORTANCE REWARDS revealed .14-.20 lower than that of original. On the point of view, some items should be adjusted in parallel with acutual situation of Korea through making a cultural comparative study and item factor analysis.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2006

Objectives: In this study a pattern questionnaire for damum patterns was developed by means of literature review and statistical analysis. The individual approach of korean medicine is based on the concept of pattern identification, the objectivity and validity issues of which hold important meaning in the pratice and research. Methods: Review of literatures led to the selection of 22 items describing Dam or Um pattern. A preliminary questinnaire consisted of these items that may be scored with positive score at zero to seven. Results: Damum is all over the body syndromes. That is abnormal body conditions. Damun arouse body pain, breath disorder, digestion disorder, nerves disorder, excretion disorder. Conclusions: Review of literatures led to selection of 29 items describing Damun. A questionnaire is in preparation.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.813-820
• /
• 2001

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate function evaulation and related factors in the elderly. Methods: Korean version of ADL and IADL were measured for 40 normal in the Elderly in July 15-20. 2000. Their ages were 65 or more in years. 14 items from Modified Barthel Index and 14 items from Modified Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnaire were used. Results: The frequency of disability was the highest in Heavy homework(85.0%) folliwed by Walking on level 50 yards or moer(5.0%), Up&down stairs for 1 flight(5.0%) in 28 items from Modified Barthel Index and Modified Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnaire. Conclusions: Results indicated that no smoking and drinking at onset had high Modified Barthel Index. Modified Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnaire was associated with age.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.15-35
• /
• 2022

Objectives Recent studies have reported that the digestion-related items contribute significantly to the diagnosis of constitution, though these were not described as the indicator for diagnosing Sasang constitution in 『Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)』 「Sasanginbyeonjeunglon(四象人辨證論)」. The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons why such a gap appeared. Methods The digestion-related items and their rationales to be shown in eleven studies on the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis were reviewed. Thirty primary studies included in two systematic reviews were also reviewed to reconsider the significance of digestion-related items as an indicator for diagnosing Soeumin. Results & Conclusions A few pathways were found in studies on the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, which could overestimate the significance of digestion-related items more than actual. Besides, in the primary studies included in two systematic reviews, there was also a possibility of overestimating the importance of digestion-related items due to some biases in the selection of subjects and the conducting of the study. Therefore, there might be room for reconsideration that indigestion was necessarily an indicator for diagnosing Soeumin.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to derive attractive items of 'Hanok' in order to preserve 'Hanok' in urban area, focused on the 13 preceding studies which have got in respect of image, satisfaction, preference, awareness and advantage of 'Hanok' in urban area revolved around the latest studies. This study is analysis of questionnaire items and results of 13 preceding studies. And attractive items are classified with general and overall survey items, advantage of 'Hanok' in urban area, and image of Hanok-density urban area. These can also be classified with 5 items which are space, health, material, form, and image of 'Hanok' in urban area. As a result, Space items are composed with 'use of a space', 'cosiness', 'garden' and 'floor and ondol(korean floor heating system). Health items are composed with 'lighting and ventialtion', 'a sense of the season' and 'natural material'. Material items are composed with 'natural beauty', 'wooden', 'changhoji(traditional Korean paper made from mulberry bark for doors and windows) and hanji(traditional Korean paper handmade from mulberry trees), 'rafter' and 'new materials'. Form items are composed with 'attractive appearance', 'simply decoration' and 'traditional elements'. Image items are composed with 'crowding', 'traditionality and historicity', 'dichroism' and 'warmth'.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.156-168
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a questionnaire to assess male workers' sobriety behavior based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: A primary questionnaire with 56 questions was constructed based on literature review and structured interview with male workers. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was evaluated by a group of experts, construct validity was tested by principle component analysis, and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and the test-retest reliability test. Results: Fifty two questions showed higher than .8 of CVI. Four factors explained 78.71% of the total variance among items for sobriety intention and direct measure, and six factors explained 67.99% of the total variance among indirect measure items and those factors coincided with the variables of TPB in factor analysis. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of this questionnaire was .873 and the result of test-retest reliabilty test was relatively reliable. A total of 41 items with 7-point scale were constructed in the final version. Conclusion: This questionnaire was valid and reliable to measure sobriety behavior based on TPB in male workers. It can be useful to evaluate the result of a sobriety program for male workers.