• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

The crop production technologies keep in improving and the cultivation becomes more standardization owing to the significant developments of various agricultural materials. The artificial soil and base system for root could be one of the major technologies for the modern cultivation especially for controlled horticulture. Although the perlite, cocopeat, and peat moss are the major components of the artificial soil and are broadly used for various application, there is a great need for the new alternative materials for overcoming the low nutrition and the possible shortage of raw materials. In this study, the application of oil palm EFB fiber as an alternative materials for artificial soil especially for the seeding pad components was evaluated. The changes in the structural properties and the functional properties such as moisture holding properties were compared by laboratory produced seeding pads with different mixture of oil palm EFB fiber. The addition of fibrillated EFB fiber resulted in the significant increase in durability of the seeding pad, which showed the possible application of EFB fiber to the seeding pad instead of the wood fiber (UBKP). The moisture holding properties and the germination condition characteristics of the EFB fiber showed the slight less than those of the cocopeat, which require more sophisticated study for improving the functional properties of seeding pad made of the EFB fiber.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

It is becoming increasingly important to utilize alternative raw materials for plastic industries other than petrochemical-based plastics. Cellulose derivatives were the bases of the original synthetic plastics. Cellulose and its derivatives, especially the widely used cellulose acetate (CA), constitute one of the main classes of raw materials for production on artificial fibers, films, plastics etc. CA is one of the well known polymers produced from naturally available plant substance. Many researches have focused on the isolation of cellulose from the plant cells to use them as cellulose derivatives and composite materials. Chemical and mechanical treatments provide changes on the molecular structures influencing the fundamental properties of these naturally abundant polymer. The aim of this review article is to review biodegradation, synthesis, formation, and utilization of cellulose esters, especially di-acetate, used in packaging related researches.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.934-941
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• 2011

Characteristics of low NOx burner is investigated. Low NOx burner introduced in this paper adopts two staged combustion with plasma burner for the 1st stage combustion. Extensive parametric tests were done to figure out the effect of burner stoichiometry, staged thermal load, electric power for plasma generation. Overall NOx production by burner shows effective reduction by adopting plasma staged burner. and the aspects depends on the fuel stoichiometry of 1st stage burner or operating condition of plasma burner. It is promising to use plasma burner as an alternative tools of low NOx burner technology.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.587-588
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• 2006

Drop-on-Demand (DOD) inkjet printing technology, especially piezo-typed, has been paid attention by industries due to its inherent nature of unbeatable material usage and low cost manufacturing cost. Despite of these key advantages over any other competing manufacturing technologies, the primary disadvantage has been considered as its limited capability to produce fine resolution patterns with a commercially available DOD inkjet print head. Although the main effort has been focused on the production of a DOD inkjet print head with smaller nozzles to overcome this challenging issue, an alternative approach could be taken and it would enable to expand the employment of DOD inkjet printing technology to applications requiring fine patterns further more.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2019

Today, concrete remains the most important, durable, and reliable material that has been used in the construction sector, making it the most commonly used material after water. However, cement continues to exert many negative effects on the environment, including the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), which pollutes the atmosphere. Cement production is costly, and it also consumes energy and natural non- renewable resources, which are critical for sustainability. These factors represent the motivation for researchers to examine the various alternatives that can reduce the effects on the environment, natural resources, and energy consumption and enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. Geopolymer is one alternative that has been investigated; this can be produced using aluminosilicate materials such as low calcium (class F) FA, Ultra-Fine GGBS, and high calcium FA (class C, which are available worldwide as industrial, agricultural byproducts.). It has a high percentage of silica and alumina, which react with alkaline solution (activators). Aluminosilicate gel, which forms as a result of this reaction, is an effective binding material for the concrete. This paper presents an up-to-date review regarding the important engineering properties of geopolymer formed by FA and slag binders; the findings demonstrate that this type of geopolymer could be an adequate alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Due to the significant positive mechanical properties of slag-FA geopolymer cements and their positive effects on the environment, it represents a material that could potentially be used in the construction industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2013

A series of experiments were carried out with three native strains of microalgae to measure growth rates, biomass, and lipid productivities. Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 had better biomass growth rate and higher lipid production. The growth, lipid accumulation, and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) consumption rate of Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 were tested under different NaOH concentrations in modified BBM. The algal strain showed the maximum specific growth rate (0.474/day), biomass productivity (110.9 mg $l^{-1}d^{-1}$), and $CO_2$ consumption rate (208.4 mg $l^{-1}d^{-1}$) with an NaOH concentration of 0.005 M on the $8^{th}$ day of cultivation. These values were 2.03-, 6.89-, and 6.88-fold more than the algal cultures grown in control conditions (having no NaOH and $CO_2$). The $CO_2$ fixing efficiency of the microalga with other alternative carbon sources like $Na_2CO_3$ and $NaHCO_3$ was also investigated and compared. The optimized experimental parameters at shake-flask scale were implemented for scaling up the process in a self-engineered photobioreactor. A significant increase in lipid accumulation (14.23% to 31.74%) by the algal strain from the logarithmic to stationary phases was obtained. The algal lipids were mainly composed of $C_{16}/C_{18}$ fatty acids, and are desirable for biodiesel production. The study suggests that microalga Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 is an efficient strain for biodiesel production and $CO_2$ biofixation using stripping solution of NaOH in a cyclic process.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

The use of agricultural by-products as alternative nutrient sources in crop production had gained popularity in order to reducing the rate of chemical fertilizer application in the field. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of rice milling by-products treated with yeast inoculants could substitute, or reduce the rate of chemical fertilizer application. The results of agronomic measurements showed that the effect of incorporated materials was not immediate, as compared to 100% chemical fertilizer application. However, grain yield and quality was either the same or greater than 100% chemical fertilizer application. It was found out that expanded rice hull (treated with yeast or not) could reduce the rate of applying chemical fertilizers by half. Also, yeast treatment was only favorable only to expanded rice hull and not with rice bran, and was already found to be a potential material in reducing chemical fertilizer application in rice production.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to discuss how make-up materials were used for the design techniques of special make-up that is part of impersonation, what kinds of materials were applied to special make-up design and how they were utilized, in a bid to find out more materials available for each of diverse design techniques in pursuit of better make-up design. The most widely used materials were divided into transformational and supplementary types, and the focus of this study was placed on two different design techniques. One put transformational materials to use, and the other utilized supplementary materials that also could serve as alternative and effect materials. Unlike general make-up that pursues beauty, special make-up focuses on realistic effect, and it cannot make any progress without newer, diverse materials which are increasingly gaining in importance. Although special make-up designing is a skilled technique that requires systematic knowledge of theories, proper materials and repeated practice, there is no absolute standard for it, since it is a product of imagination and depends on delicate hand skills and its effect hinges on individual viewer's visual perspective. In the future, more comprehensive and broader-scale experiments are called for to tackle this problem.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2008

The increasing demand for energy in the near future has created strong motivation for environmentally clean alternative energy resources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have opened up new ways of utilizing renewable energy sources. MFCs are devices that convert the chemical energy in the organic compounds to electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions, and the reduction of a terminal electron acceptor, most preferentially oxygen, at the cathode. Due to the rapid advances in MFC-based technology over the last decade, the currently achievable MFC power production has increased by several orders of magnitude, and niche applications have been extended into a variety of areas. Newly emerging concepts with alternative materials for electrodes and catalysts as well as innovative designs have made MFCs promising technologies. Aerobic bacteria can also be used as cathode catalysts. This is an encouraging finding because not only biofouling on the cathode is unavoidable in the prolonged-run MFCs but also noble catalysts can be substituted with aerobic bacteria. This article discusses some of the recent advances in MFCs with an emphasis on the performance, materials, microbial community structures and applications beyond electricity generation.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

Composite materials are rapidly gaining popularity as an alternative to metals for structural and load bearing applications in the aerospace, automotive, alternate energy and consumer industries. With the advent of thermoplastic composites and advances in recycling technologies, fully recyclable composites are gaining ground over traditional thermoset composites. Stamp forming as an alternative processing technique for sheet products has proven to be effective in allowing the fast manufacturing rates required for mass production of components. This study investigates the feasibility of using the stamp forming technique for the processing of thermoplastic, recyclable composite materials. The material system used in this study is a self-reinforced polypropylene composite material (Curv$^{(R)}$). The investigation includes a detailed experimental study based on strain measurements using a non-contact optical measurement system in conjunction with stamping equipment to record and measure the formability of the thermoplastic composites in real time. A Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was adopted to elucidate the effect of process parameters that included blank holder force, pre heat temperature and feed rate on stamp forming. DOE analyses indicate that feed rate had negligible influence on the strain evolution during stamp forming and blank holder force and preheat temperature had significant effect on strain evolution during forming.