• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.12-18
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• 2002

For the analysis of Kirchhoff plate bending problems, a new meshless method is implemented. For the satisfaction of the C¹ continuity condition in which the first derivative is treated as another primary variable, Hermite interpolation is enforced on standard reproducing kernel particle method. In order to impose essential boundary conditions on solving C¹ continuity problems, shape function modifications are adopted. Through numerical tests, the characteristics and accuracy of the HRKPM are investigated and compared with the finite element analysis. By this implementation, it is shown that high accuracy is achieved by using HRKPM fur solving Kirchhoff plate bending problems.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.28
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• pp.83-121
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• 2011

Archival contents service for education is now a major service program in a foreign National Archives. Therefore We need to study their archival contents services in more depth-analysis methods for the development of our contents. My study is based on the summary of the Homepage Sites for Education of the TNA of UK and the NARA of USA. And also a depth-case study on structures of the samples, 'Coldwar' contents of the TNA and the 'McCarthy' contents of the NARA. As a results, first, the formats of archival contents for teaching-learning materials should be in consistent contents structures like a standard textbooks. Second, archival contents service for teaching-learning materials certainly have to support original images of primary resources and educational kits in order to read easily primary sources. Third, given the costs of development, it's desirable for archive to develop archival contents for teaching-learning materials in the way of cross-use by age and curriculum. Forth, when selecting primary sources for teaching-learning materials, priorities have to be given to the text-sources in the light of learning purposes for history education. Fifth, National archives must develop archival contents for teaching-learning materials in connection with standard curriculums in order to promote a nation-wide use.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

Bribery is one of the world's most destructive and challenging issues. Yet despite efforts on national and international levels to tackle bribery, it remains a significant issue. Recognizing this, ISO has developed a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture, which is "ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems" in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. It is a flexible tool, which can be adapted according to the size and nature of the organization and the bribery risk it faces. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standard, harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. Only about 100 organizations, however, have adopted ISO 37001 so far. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the expectation and awareness of ISO 37001. Results show that still many organizations lack of awareness of ISO 37001 and it is implicated that much promotion and education will be necessary. This study has originality and value in that it can provide the guidelines for activation of ISO 37001.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.264-267
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• 2003

Pitch measurements of 150 nm pitch one-dimensional grating standards were carried out using an contact mode atomic force microscopy(C-AFM) with a high resolution three-axis laser interferometer. It was called as 'Nano-metrological AFM' In Nano-metrological AFM, Three laser interferometers were aligned well to the end of AFM tip. Laser sources of the three-axis laser interferometer in the nano-metrological AFM were calibrated with an I$_2$-stablilzed He-Ne laser at a wavelength of 633 nm. So, the Abbe error was minimized and the result of the pitch measurement using the nano-metrological AFM has a traceability to the length standard directly. The uncertainty in the pitch measurement was estimated in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(GUM). The Primary source of uncertainty in the pitch-measurements was derived from repeatability of pitch-measurement, and its value was approx 0.186 nm. Expanded uncertainty(k=2) of less than 5.23 nm was obtained. It is suggested that the metrological AFM is a useful tool for the nano-metrological standard calibration.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

Pitch measurements of 150 nm one-dimensional grating standards were carried out using a contact mode atomic force microscopy with a high resolution three-axis laser interferometer. This measurement technique was named as the 'nano-metrological AFM'. In the nano-metrological AFM, three laser interferometers were aligned precisely to the end of an AFM tip. Laser sources of the three-axis laser interferometer in the nano-metrological AFM were calibrated with an I$_2$ stabilized He-Ne laser at a wavelength of 633 nm. Therefore, the Abbe error was minimized and the result of the pitch measurement using the nano-metrological AFM could be used to directly measure the length standard. The uncertainty in the pitch measurement was estimated in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The primary source of uncertainty in the pitch-measurements was derived from the repeatability of the pitch-measurements, and its value was about 0.186 nm. The average pitch value was 146.65 nm and the combined standard uncertainty was less than 0.262 nm. It is suggested that the metrological AFM is a useful tool for the nano-metrological standard calibration.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between wooden toy and development of infant and young children by taking only the commercialized wooden furniture which would be suitable for the developmental area for infant and young children, among the physical environment influencing the balanced development and development for them. The recommended standard for them was the commercialized good and the only advanced toys for the development of infant and young children was primary selected, in case of different furniture for same purpose with regardless of manufacturer, country of origin and price. The selected wooden toys for development of infant and young children covered the following test conditions. They keep the soft and clean surfaces and the corners are the round-finished so safe. The dyeing and coloring are so clear like the rainbow-colored in compliance with the international safety norm, and the paint material used are harmless to the people, because they have already passed the European Safety Norm EN 71 which is the most authoritative and strict standard in the world and contained accordingly little heavy metals, toxic substances and also allergy pigment under the maximum permissible standard. The size of wooden toys are not small enough for infant and young children to be able to swallow and this is important check point, because infants tend to feel the object in their own touching and therefore to have everything to the lip. The paint used was the toys-oriented goods and proved by the test regarding saliva and sweat.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

A new medium vacuum primary standard using the static expansion method was developed in KRISS. In order to evaluate the performance of the equipment, we compared the medium vacuum standard with an ultrasonic interferometer manometer using two capacitance diaphragm gauges, the measuring ranges of which were 133 Pa and 1,333 Pa respectively. The result, Error normalized values, showed that the two standards are coincident each other within the range of combined uncertainty at calibrated pressure of $3pa\;\sim\;100pa$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.248-262
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• 2004

Turbulence models are separately assessed for a three dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis of the integral reactor SMART. Seven models (mixing length, k-l, standard $k-{\epsilon},\;k-{\epsilon}-f{\mu},\;k-{\epsilon}-v2$, RRSM, and ERRSM) are investigated for flat plate channel flow, rotating channel flow, and square sectioned U-bend duct flow. The results of these models are compared to the DNS data and experiment data. The results are assessed in terms of many aspects such as economical efficiency, accuracy, theorization, and applicability. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model (high Reynolds model), the $k-{\epsilon}-v2$ model, and the ERRSM (low Reynolds models) are selected from the assessment results. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model using small grid numbers predicts the channel flow with higher accuracy in comparison with the other eddy viscosity models in the logarithmic layer. The elliptic-relaxation type models, $k-{\epsilon}-v2$, and ERRSM have the advantage of application to complex geometries and show good prediction for near wall flows.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2018

Purpose: Autonomous driving cars, which are often represent the new convergence product, have been researched since the early years of 1900 but their safety assurance policies are yet to be implemented for real world practices. The primary purpose of this paper is to propose a modular concept based on which a safety assurance system can be designed and implemented for operating autonomous driving cars. Methods: We combine a set of key attributes of CE mark (European Assurance standard), E-Mark (Automobile safety assurance system), and A-SPICE (Automobile software assurance standard) into a modular approach. Results: Autonomous vehicles are emphasizing software safety, but there is no integrated safety certification standard for products and software. As such, there is complexity in the product and software safety certification process during the development phase. Using the concept of module, we were able to come up with an integrated safety certification system of product and software for practical uses in the future. Conclusion: Through the modular concept, both international and domestic standards policy stakeholders are expected to consider a new structure that can help the autonomous driving industries expedite their commercialization for the technology advanced market in the era of Industry 4.0.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ex vivo diagnostic ability of 9 different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) settings in the detection of recurrent caries under amalgam restorations in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two primary teeth were used. Twenty-six teeth had dentine caries and 26 teeth did not have dentine caries. Black class II cavities were prepared and restored with amalgam. In the 26 carious teeth, recurrent caries were left under restorations. The other 26 intact teeth that did not have caries served as controls. Teeth were imaged using a $100{\times}90-mm$ field of view and a 0.2-mm voxel size with 9 different CBCT settings. Four observers assessed the images using a 5-point scale. Kappa values were calculated to assess observer agreement. CBCT settings were compared with the gold standard using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) values for each setting were compared using the chi-square test, with a significance level of ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: Intraobserver kappa values ranged from 0.366 to 0.664 for observer 1, from 0.311 to 0.447 for observer 2, from 0.597 to 1.000 for observer 3, and from 0.869 to 1 for observer 4. Furthermore, interobserver kappa values among the observers ranged from 0.133 to 0.814 for the first reading and from 0.197 to 0.805 for the second reading. The highest AUC values were found for setting 5 (0.5916) and setting 3 (0.5886), and were not found to be statistically significant(P>.05). Conclusion: Variations in tube voltage and tube current did not affect the detection of recurrent caries under amalgam restorations in primary teeth.