• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2011

In this study, to investigate the effects of herb aroma components, the BDI test was performed with the 124 students of the Youngdong University and the subjects whose score was 16 or higher were selected and allocated to the herb-extracted aroma-treated group and the non-treated group, 27 and 10 students for each group. The BDI and SDS tests were carried out at each stage (before and after the treatment, 10 days later and 30 days later). The result showed that the pre-treatment BDI test result was significantly different from all those of the post-treatment test, and the tests after 10 days and 30 days in the aroma-treated group. In the SDS test, the pre-treatment test result was significantly different from the results of the post-treatment test and the test after 10 days, while it was not significantly different from the result of the test after 30 days. Additionally, to verify whether the change within the group is larger than that by natural recovery or not, ANCOVA was performed with respect to the difference in the pre-treatment test score between the groups depending on whether the treatment was given or not, having the SDS pre-treatment score as the covariate, and the result showed that the post-treatment test scores were significantly different. Thus, it was verified that, if the SDS test score is considered as the depression indicator, the effect of aromatherapy was greater than the change by natural recovery. The difference in the post-treatment test score was analyzed depending on whether the treatment was given or not, having the BDI pre-treatment test score as the control variable, and the result showed that the post-treatment test scores were not significantly different. Based on such a theoretical verification, it is assumed that the nature-friendly treatment method using herb aroma components can be a great help in suppressing depression. Therefore, it is expected that herb aroma components can provide systematic therapeutic effect on the suppression of depression.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.10-27
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• 2008

When the ground is excavated adjacent to the existing tunnel, which is loaded by the surcharge on the ground surface, the tunnel stability would be very sensitive to the deformation of the ground induced by the horizontal displacement of braced wall. The stability of the existing surcharged tunnel could be controlled by pre-loading on the braced wall. In this paper, it was investigated, if it would be possible to keep the existing surcharged tunnel stable by preventing the horizontal displacement of a braced wall by imposing the pre-loading during the ground excavation. For this purpose, large scale model tests were performed in a scale 1/10 at the test pit which was 2.0m in width and 6.0m in height and 4.0m in length. Isotropic test ground was constructed homogeneously by wet sand. Model tunnel was constructed in the test ground. Surcharge was loaded on the ground surface above the tunnel. During the tests, the behavior of model tunnel and model braced wall was measured. Numerical analyses were also performed in the same condition as the tests. And their results were compared to that of the model tests. Consequently, the effect of a surcharge could be compensated by imposing the pre-loading on the braced wall. The existing tunnel and the braced wall could be kept stable by preventing the horizontal displacement of the braced wall through pre-loading, although the tunnel is surcharged.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose the effects of programming-based TPACK educational program on the pre-service teacher's self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration. For this study, pre-service teachers who received programming education and TPACK education based on ICT were set as control group and pre-service teachers who received programming-based TPACK education as experimental group. In order to observe the change, the pre-service teachers conducted the test tool to measure the self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration before and after applying the educational program. As a result of the study, only the pre-service teachers who received the programming-based TPACK education showed significant improvement in the self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration. Furthermore, in the post-test, the experimental group showed a significantly higher difference than the control group. Through this study, it was concluded that programming-based TPACK educational program is effective in enhancing pre-service teacher's self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was investigated the effects of education for nursing concept to the nursing students who are not attended to major course of nursing education in nursing college. it is hoped that this education for nursing concept will be contribute to positive nursing conceptualization for nursing students. The data for this study obtained from 118 students in attending college of nursing Ewha womens University(1st year; 62, End year; 56). 1st year students(experimental group) was attended to the education for nursing concept by investigators and 2nd year students(control .group) did not. After then tested to two group: Pre and post test for experimental group and post test only to control group. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In experimental group, pre-test mean score was 116.19(SD 50.46) and post-test mean score was 253.02 (SD 66.56). Therefore post-test mean score was higher than pre-test mean score (p=0.0001). 2) There were different score between the experimental group and control group. Control group was higher(207.58, SD 52.42) than experimental group(116.19, SD 50.46) at the pre-test (p=0.0002), but experimental group(253.02, SD 66.56) was higher than control group. (207 58, SD 52.42) at post-test(p=0.0001). These results implied that early intensive education for nursing concept might have positive effects on nursing conceptualization for nursing students.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.472-480
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• 2023

This paper describes the development of a test-equipment for the pre-verification of navigation performance in cluster-based AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). In the development of an AUV, conducting hardware and software development sequentially is not efficient due to the limited research and development period. Therefore, in order to reduce the overall development time and achieve successful development results, it is essential to pre-validate the navigation system and navigation algorithms. Accordingly, this paper explains the test-equipment for pre-verification of navigation performance, and ultimately confirms the stability of the navigation system and the performance of the navigation algorithms through the analysis of five types of navigation sensor data stored during real-sea experiments. The results demonstrate that through the development and verification of the test-equipment, it is possible to shorten the overall development period and improvement of product quality in the process of developing multiple AUVs.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to design the instructional model to develop logical thinking competency of engineering students and to investigate the effect of the model. The instructional model is composed of the virtual context (films were provided), problem solving, feedback, another problem solving with different perspectives, feedback. The process is looped. The results showed statistically significant improvements between pre- and post-test. The first standardized test of critical thinking showed the improvement from pre-test to post-test (d=0.646). The second test of logical thinking showed the improvement from pre-test to mid-term test (d=0.753) and improvement from mid-term to post-test (d=1.529).

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.691-696
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• 1999

This paper is aimed to investigate flexural rehabilitation effect o pre-loaded reinforced concrete beams strengthened by carbon fiber sheet. Main Test parameters are reinforcement ratio and the magnitude of pro-loading and seven test beams are analyzed rehabilitation effect by carbon fiber sheet, load-deflection, failure mode, stress of reinforcing bar by the magnitude of pre-loading. Test results show that internal force was showed pre-loaded specimens lower than no-loaded specimens during rehabilitation and changing stiffness was showed in the same was and failure mode showed brittle failure from all specimens.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.736-750
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to investigate concepts of Korean and American elementary school pre-service teachers on combustion, and to compare the concepts of Korean pre-service teachers with those of American pre-service teachers. For this study, concept test on combustion was administered to 23 Korean and 18 American elementary school pre-service teachers. The test composed of 6 items: 'Definition of combustion', 'The reason why a candle in a glass bottle is blown out when the bottle was closed', 'The change of gases in the bottle when a candle burns in it', 'The combustion products of a candle', 'The combustion products of steel wool', and 'The combustion products of a substance'. The results showed that the rates of elementary school pre-service teachers who had scientific concepts on combustion were very low in both Korean and American pre-service teachers' groups, although they were a little different from items. However the rates of pre-service teachers who had partial concepts and misconceptions on combustion were high in two groups. The levels of Korean elementary school pre-service teachers' concepts were a little higher than those of American elementary school pre-service teachers' concepts. The contents and activities on combustion which are in Korean and American science textbooks seem to affect building up their concepts on combustion.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.18-32
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of injury prevention education on elementary school students. We are selected two elementary school in Tejeon, one was intervention school, the other was control school. Surveys were completed before the begining of the interventions in February in 1994 and again after their completion in July 1994. Intervention group was 284 students in pre-test and 218 students in post-test. And control group was 253 students in pre-test and 208 students in post-test. The results of this study was followed. 1. In the general characteristics of subjects studied, sex, mother education, father education, economic status, number of household, and traffic environment were not significant difference between intervention and control group(p>0.05). 2. The contents of injury prevention education that subjects wished to learn, were not significant difference between intervention and control group(p>0.05). Also the mothods of that were significant difference between intervention and control group in pre-test(p<0.05) but not in post-test(p>0.05). 3. Education in knowledge, attitude and practice of injury prevention was slightly effectiveness. Change in attitude of injury prevention was higher than in knowledge and attitude of that we guess that they require a lot of education in the pedestrian prevention. 4. Reative risk between intervention and control group in injury incidence was 1.53 in hospital-care students, and 1.43 in home-care children. Also relative risk of total injury incidence was 1.38, therefore we knew that injury incidence after education was reduced. 5. In the analysis of injury causes, pedestrain injury was remarkably reduced at hospital-care students in two group. At home-care students, two groups were high proportion in play injury. 6. In the analysis of injury places, intervention group was high proportion at near-the house in pre-test(35.4%) and at school in post-test(36.4%). And control group was high at inside-the house in pre-test(31.5%) and at near-the house in post-test(28.2%).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1727-1729
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• 2002

To cope with increasing of electric power demand in metropolitan areas, large capacity underground power cables are needed. Under such situations, our company has developed 345kV XLPE insulated cable and accessories. As the final step of development of the 345kV XLPE cable and accessories, the pre-qualification test was carried out on the test line composed of cables, pre-fabricated joints, EB-Gs and EB-As. This paper sums up the pre-qualification test conditions and the results.