• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.509-521
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• 2024

Objective: It was shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in milk protein synthesis. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of casein expression by exogenous miRNA (xeno-miRNAs) in ruminants remains unclear. This study explores the regulatory roles of alfalfa xeno-miR162 on casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Methods: The effects of alfalfa xenomiR-162 and G protein subunit gamma 11 (GNG11) on proliferation and milk protein metabolism of bMECs were detected by 5-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, flow cytometry, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between GNG11 and xenomiR-162. Results: Results showed that over-expression of xenomiR-162 inhibited cell proliferation but promoted apoptosis, which also up-regulated the expression of several casein coding genes, including CSN1S1, CSN1S2, and CSN3, while decreasing the expression of CSN2. Furthermore, the targeting relationship between GNG11 and xenomiR-162 was determined, and it was confirmed that GNG11 silencing also inhibited cell proliferation but promoted apoptosis and reduced the expression of casein coding genes and genes related to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Conclusion: Alfalfa xenomiR-162 appears to regulate bMECs proliferation and milk protein synthesis via GNG11 in the mTOR pathway, suggesting that this xeno-miRNA could be harnessed to modulate CSN3 expression in dairy cows, and increase κ-casein contents in milk.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

Background: Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods: We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion: The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2021

In this study, we prepared NiCo2O4 nanoparticles with large surface area by hydrothermal synthesis. In order to optimize the processing conditions for spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles with large surface area, experimental variables including concentration of Ni and Co precursor, reaction time, and temperature for post-heat treatment were evaluated. Optimized conditions for spinel NiCo2O4 with large surface area were [Ni]/[Co] 1:2 ratio, reaction time for 12 h, and post-heat treatment at 400℃. To investigate the feasibility as potential application for glucose sensor, electrochemical tests of the prepared NiCo2O4 nanoparticles in response to glucose was performed, which suggests that the NiCo2O4 can be suitable for a non-enzymatic-based electrochemical glucose sensor based on its high sensitivity and selectivity for glucose detection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Due to the different camera properties of the multi-view camera system, the color properties of captured images can be inconsistent. This inconsistency makes post-processing such as depth estimation, view synthesis and compression difficult. In this paper, the method to correct the different color properties of multi-view images is proposed. We utilize a gray gradient bar on a display device to extract the color sensitivity property of the camera and calculate a look-up table based on the sensitivity property. The colors in the target image are converted by mapping technique referring to the look-up table. Proposed algorithm shows the good subjective results and reduces the mean absolute error among the color values of multi-view images by 72% on average in experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.320-323
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• 2002

New and fast degradable sulfonylurea derivaties possessing N-methylureido group were synthesized and their herbicidal effects were tested under the upland in greenhouse. N-methylureido benzenesulfonylureas showed better herbicidal activity against grass weeds than broad leaf weeds under post emergence.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.364-373
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest the method for constructing parameterized human body model which has any required body sizes from 3D scan data. Because of well developed 3D scan technology, we can get more detailed human body model data which allow to generate precise human model. In this field, there are a lot of research is performed with 3D scan data. But previous researches have some limitations to make human body model. They need too much time to perform hole-filling process or calculate parameterization of model. Even more they missed out verification process. To solve these problems, we used several methods. We first choose proper 125 3D scan data from 5th Korean body size survey of Size Korea according to age, height and weight. We also did post process, feature point setting, RBF interpolation and align, to parameterize human model. Then principal component analysis is adapted to the result of post processed data to obtain dominant shape parameters. These steps allow to reduce process time without loss of accuracy. Finally, we compare these results and statistical data of Size Korea to verify our parameterized human model.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Sulfonic acid (-SO3H) functionalized mesoporous silica containing HMS, SBA 15(S15), MCM 41(M41) were synthesized by post-synthesis and co-condensation method. Their catalytic performance is tested by dehydration reaction of D-xylose to furfural. As a result, good conversion and selectivity was obtained using water as an environmentally friendly solvent. Additionally, increased amounts of sulfuric acid in catalysts resulted in improved conversion of D-xylose. All of the acid-functionalized mesoporous silica showed higher selectivity than other solid acids such as ${\gamma}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ and zeolite.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2006

We report on the preparation and characterization of sulfonated polymer membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) units and fluorene units. The polymers were prepared through three synthetic steps, that is, the synthesis of a trifluorovinylether-terminated monomer, its thermal polymerization, and post-sulfonation using chlorosulfonic acid. A series of sulfonated polymers with different ion exchange capacity (IEC) were prepared by changing the content of chlorosulfonic acid during the post-sulfonation reaction. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, $^{1}H-NMR,\;^{19}F-NMR$, and Mass spectroscopy. As the content of chlorosulfonic acid increased, the SD, IEC, water uptake, and ion conductivity of the sulfonated polymer membranes increased. The sulfonated polymer 4 showed higher values of ion conductivity than the Nafion-$115^{\circledR}$ in a wide range of temperatures ($25{\sim}80^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2011

Zr-Ti alloy powders were successfully synthesized by magnesium thermal reduction of metal chlorides. The evaporated and mixed gasses of $ZrCl_4+TiCl_4$ were injected to liquid magnesium and the chloride components were reduced by magnesium leading to the formation of $MgCl_2$. The released Zr and Ti atoms were then condensed to particle forms inside the mixture of liquid magnesium and magnesium chloride, which could be dissolved fully in post process by 1~5% HCl solution at room temperature. By the fraction-control of individually injected $ZrCl_4$ and $TiCl_4$ gasses, the final compositions of produced alloy powders were changed in the ranges of Zr-0 wt.%~20 wt.%Ti and their purity and particle size were about 99.4% and the level of several micrometers, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.447-452
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• 2013

In this study we report a new method for the synthesis of a silica monolithic column bed with bimodal pores (throughpores and mesopores). The template induced synthesis method was used to direct bimodal pores simultaneously instead of the usual post base-treating method. Block polymer Pluronic F127 was chosen as a dual-function template to form hierarchically porous silica monolith with both macropores and mesopores. This is a simplification of the method of monolithic column preparation. Poly(ethylene glycol) was used as a partial substitute for F127 can effectively prevent shrinkage during the monolith aging process without losing much surface area (944 $m^2/g$ to 807 $m^2/g$). More importantly, the resultant material showed a much narrower mesopore size (centered at 6 nm) distribution than that made using only F127 as the template reagent, which helps the mass transfer process. The solvent washing method was used to remove the remaining organic template, and it was proved to be effective enough. The new synthesis method makes the fabrication of the silica monolithic column (especially capillary column) much easier. All the structure parameters indicate that monolith PFA05 prepared by the above method is a good material for separation, with the merits of much higher surface area than usual commercial HPLC silica particles, suitable mesopore volume, narrow mesopore size distribution, low shrinkage and it is easily prepared.