• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.808-819
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping strategies of school -age children and to explore the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms and the effects of coping and trait anxiety which is theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptom. The study subjects consisted of 639 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade living in Seoul. Of the 639 subjects, 348 were boys and 291 were girls. The mean age was 11.35 (SD=.86). The Feel Bad Scale(FBS), Schoolager's Coping Strategy Inventory(SCSI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale for Children(STAIC), and Health Symptom Questionnaire (HSQ) were adapted for this study. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The Cronbach alphas of FBS, SCSI, STAIC and HSQ were from .81 to .92. The Researcher and a research assistant visited the school and data were collected in the class using the questionnaire method after an explanation of the purpose and procedures was given to the children. Data collection was done during the period between Nov.25 to Dec.19, 1995. Using the SAS statistical program, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The result are as follows : 1. The mean score for the FBS was 204.79(range : 48-472) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most severe stressors perceived by children were parental divorce and death or illness of family members. The most frequently experienced stressful life events were conflict with siblings and being home alone. 2. The mean score for the SCSI was 57.36(range : 9-118) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most frequently used, and perceived as helpful, coping strategies were distraction and cognitive activities. 3. The mean score for the HSQ were 20.7(range : 0-81) and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. The percentage of the children answering that they perceived their health state as not good was 3.9%. 4. The mean score for the STAIC was 33.76 and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. 5. There was a significant relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms ( r=.53, p<.01). Also, Stressful life events were postively related with coping strategies(r=.39, p<.01). Trait anxiety was highly correlated with health symptoms(r=.72, p<.01). 6. To examine the multivariate effects of the variables to health symptoms, multiple regression was performed. Stressful life events, coping, trait anxiety, and health concerns were identified as significant variables. Explanation of the health symptoms by these variables was 56.78%. The study revealed that stressful life events correlated with health symptoms in school-age children and coping and trait anxiety had mediating effects on this relationship. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for high risk population to decrease health problems due to stress. Also, it is recommended that a study be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health problems in children.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.235-246
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• 2007

The study aims to design an integrated remote controller, which is an increasingly essential device in the home, for more convenient use. For this purpose, an alternative user interface (UI) design was developed by applying the user interface system of a popular existing product to an integrated remote control highly usable and easy to learn for domestic use, and the usability was evaluated. For the existing popular product, a cellular phone was selected, the operation method of which is similar to the stick-type integrated remote control for which the user interface design was to be developed in this research. Common characteristics of the UI of the selected cellular phone were derived and the characteristics were applied as much as possible to the design of a stick-type integrated remote control. The prototype of the alternative design, which was simulated with Flash, went through two pilot tests for further improvement before making the final experimental prototype. Based on the results, prototype buttons that improved the feeling of use in terms of physical operation and feedback were made, and the usability of the new UI design of a stick-type integrated remote control for domestic use were evaluated with 41 university students in their 20s. According to the results of the experiment, the newly designed stick-type integrated remote control based on the UI of an existing product may improve the usability of remote controls and the outcome of this study is expected to provide a good model for R&D of new UI designs of stick-type integrated remote controls for domestic use.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.283-292
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• 2006

This study developed 'Design Career Aptitude Scale' to help design majoring college students who are seeking their career goals or conflicting to decide their majors. The subscales of the 'Design Career Aptitude Scale' are 'basic job competency', 'basic design competency' and' advanced design competency'. This study further classified the 'basic job competency' and 'basic design competency' into several subareas and defined each concepts. Based upon the classification of each subareas, tentative test items were developed through the verification of validity three times by seven design professionals. A pilot study of the developed scale was administered to 506 design majoring college students. The results by exploratory factor analysis were that the basic job competency was composed of four factors; ability of interpersonal relations, goal-driven ability, problem solving ability and self-developing ability. The basic design competency was composed of five factor, grounding in design, computer skills, material sensitivity, formative ability and color sensitivity. The results can be seen as an adequate, delicate factor structure to represent design aptitude, and also the scale can be a useful tool to the students who are conflicting to decide their majors and careers. The further study needed to validate the scale through the investigation of the relationship with related scales measuring designing ability, and with other criteria-referenced group.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

In this study, the causes and countermeasures for the leakage of a sea dyke under construction are analyzed. In general, the seabed ground is clearly divided from the embankment but a lot of parts show abnormal zones with low resistivity from the results of electric resistivity survey. Hence the causes of the leakage are considered as following: three-dimensional shear strain behavior, irregular compulsory replacement of the soft seabed ground with low strength and quality deterioration of the waterproof sheets during the closing process. The improvement method is determined by considering the constructability in the seawater and its velocity condition, durability, economic feasibility, similar application cases and so on. Consequently, a combination of low slump mortar and slurry grouting and injection method is selected as an optimum combination. Mixing ratio and improvement pattern are determined after drilling investigation and pilot test. The improvement boundary is separated into general and intense leakage area. The construction is performed with each pattern and the improvement effects are confirmed. The confirmed effects with various tests after completion show tolerable ranges for all of the established standards. Finally, various issues such as prediction of length of the waterproof sheet, installation of it against seawater velocity, etc. should be considered when sea dykes are designed or executed around the western sea which has high tide difference.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.211-231
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• 2008

In phase 1 of the study, data for the construct and items of KESAS(The Korean Elderly's Successful Aging Scale) were collected by indepth interviews with a purposive sampling group of 25 elderly people and focus group interviews with four groups. Content analysis was applied to the data and from this analysis were emerged six key categories of successful aging. In phase 2 of the study, 78 items were collected from the data of 2 sets of interviews mentioned above. Through pilot test, preliminary 66 items are selected. In phase 3 of the study, 597 cases collected from the survey were divided randomly into 345 developmental samples and 252 validity samples. The items were examined exploratorily with the developmental samples and confirmatorily factor analysis with validity samples. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized six-factor structure of KESAS, which finally resulted in consisting of 31 items. Six factors are as follows: 'autonomous life', 'self-completion orientation', 'positive life participation', 'satisfaction with one's offsprings', 'self-acceptance', 'other-acceptance'. Cronbach's alpha estimate and split-half estimates of the scale were .903 and .845, which confirms that the scale has reliability. This six-factor model exhibited a good fit on the basis of the overall fit measure criteria(TLI=.983, RMSEA=.057) aquired by using the confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, KESAS was significantly related highly(r=.72) to the 'Quality of Life for the Korean Elderly'. This proved concurrent validity of the scale.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.187-207
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning plan applicable to high school technology·home economics and home science classes in order to prevent adolescents' dating violence which is one of the serious social problems we are facing lately. This research has following three steps: 1. Analyzing contents and selecting content elements, 2. Developing teaching-learning materials, and 3. Performing a pilot test and making corrections. In the first step, this author analyzes how the contents associated with dating violence are presented in the 2015 curriculum of technology·home economics and the textbooks and reviews related literatures to select content elements necessary to prevent dating violence for those going through adolescence. Based on that, in the second step, this researcher develops a teaching-learning plan for six lessons and then makes it verified by two experienced teachers of home economics. In the last step, the teaching-learning plan for six sessions developed is implemented to two high school classes, and then, based on the results of examining the opinions of the teachers implementing the plan and students about the class, this researcher modifies and complements the parts of the plan showing low applicability to the field and develops the final dating violence prevention teaching-learning plan. In order to prevent adolescents' dating violence, it is necessary to create a social environment safe from violence and provide violence prevention education before they begin to have relationship. This researcher expects that this teaching-learning plan is applied in home economics class and it can contribute to enhancing students' sensitivity about violence and improving their competencies to make wise judgments in problematic situations and cope with them properly.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 1999

In order to use a polysaccharide, curdlan, as a concrete admixture, we first developed a pilot-scale fermentation process for the mass production of curdlan. We also examined the rheological properties of curdlan, and tested how well the curdlan obtained in this work increased the segregational resistance of the cement slurry. Fermentation was performed in a 300-liter fermenter equipped with 3 disk-turbine impellers. Since curdlan production is stimulated under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the culture pH was shifted from the optimal pH for cell growth (pH 7.0) to the optimal pH for curdlan production (pH 5.5) at the onset of ammonium exhaustion. We obtained a curdlan production of 65 g/L in 120 hr batch cultivation of Agrobacterium species. The insoluble curdlan at the final stage of fermentation was readily harvested by centrifugation together with the cells. The freeze-dried sample contained 78% (w/w) of curdlan. The solubility and viscosity of the curdlan increased with the increase of the solution pH, which enhances the viscosity of concrete since the pH of concrete is extremely high (pH 13.0). Test results of the curdlan as a concrete admixture with cement slurry demonstrated that it prohibits the leakage of water. In conclusion, this work certifies and enlarges curdlan's industrial potential as a concrete admixture.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of ShinEumHur (SEH) pharmacopuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The SEH pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water had been completed, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SEH pharmacopuncture, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weights, clinical signs, mean hematology parameters, mean clinical chemistry, necropsy and histopathological findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with SEH pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.3 s.62
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• pp.516-539
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to identify the difference in attitude toward medical care between patients who visited a university hospital or an oriental medical hospital of oriental medical college, and physicians who engaged in the same hospitals. The subjects of this study were 397 cases who agreed to respond the prepared questionnaire, including 288 patients(146 university hospital utilizers and 142 utilzers for an oriental medical hospital) and 109 physicians(76 physicians and 33 oriental medical doctors). The attitude toward medical care was measured by the structured questionnaire developed for this study, which had high validity and reliability according to factor analysis, item discriminant validity, and Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficients. On the criteria of mean value of care and cure score, the attitude toward medical care was classified into 4 groups encompassing a group with dependent attitude on medical care, a group with skeptical attitude toward it, a group with cure-oriented attitude, and a group with care-preferred attitude. The results of chi-square test, discriminant analysis, and logistic regression analysis were as follows; patients who visited a univisity hospital, patients who visited an oriental hospital, physicians, and oriental medical doctors included in the group with dependent attitude, the group with cure-oriented attitude, the group with skeptical attitude, and the group with care-preferred attitude, retrospectively. Among the subdomains of care and cure domains, which classified in reference to the result of factor analysis on pilot study, those that patients ranked more importantly than physicians were 'the importance of medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment', 'authority of physician, 'aggressiveness of treatment', 'information giving', 'personal interest' in the case of western medicine. In the case of oriental medicine, those were 'the importance of equipment for diagnosis and treatment', 'aggressiveness of treatment', 'amenities and accessibility', 'coordination of medical staff'. Both physicans and patients put the subdomain, 'physicians' medical knowledge and skillfulness' on the highest rank. The differences in ranking the important attributes of medical care between patients and physicians were apparent in the area of an 'importance of medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment' and so on. It meant that patient had over-expectation on medical care and suggested that the policy on demanad side such as the developement and dissemination of an evidence-based recommendation protocol for health care consumers might be important in Korea. In addition, regarding the attitude of physicians, during the medical education and training it may be neccessary to emphasize the aspect of 'care' of medical care rather than 'cure'. In planning on heath care delivery system, it should be considered that there is a difference in the attitude toward medical care between western medicine and oriental medicine as well as between health care providers and consumers. We expect that more valid measurement tool be developed in this area, which may be major limitation of this study and that this kind of research be expanded into the non-academic settings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.4 s.82
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• pp.7-16
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• 2005

Rejected Takeoff Accidents are not common. but if occurred, it leads to big disaster From the year of 1959, when Jet Transport service opened, to the year of 2000, Rejected Takeoff accidents/incidents occurred total of 94 cases. All cases led to overrun, and major cause is to initiate stopping maneuvers over $V_1$, takeoff decision speed, according to National Transport Safety Board of America. Similar results are represented in Aviation Safety Reporting System of National Aeronautics and Space Administration. So I believe that it is worth studying if Airplane Flight Manual, which is the reference Performance criteria, is appropriate to operations of line pilots. The definition of $V_1$ has been revised a couple of times and Rejected Takeoff Certification Standards for Transport Airplanes was changed in 1998. It shows that up to now there are some portions unreasonable. This study focused on gathering the pilot's tendency for current Rejected Takeoff Procedures of K airlines and analyze the factors they concern. I chose B777 airplane and actually measured the recognition and reaction time of the rejected takeoff transitions through Simulators. And compared the results with the data of flight test and Airplane Flight Manual.