• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.827-836
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• 2013

Indigotin, indirubin, berberine, palmatine, alizarin, and purpurin are major pigments of indigo plant, Phellodendron bark, and madder. The six pigments were examined using the HPLC-DAD-MS instrument for the purpose of the simultaneous detection of the pigments in a single sample run. The HPLC-DAD-MS method examined the individual pigment solutions in DMSO, a solution containing 6 pigments, and the DMSO extract of the silk dyed with a dye solution of 5 pigments excluding indirubin. The retention times of the HPLC chromatograms, ${\lambda}_{max}$ of the uv-vis absorption bands in the DAD analyses, and the molecular ions detected for the compound peaks in the MSD analyses were consistent throughout the analyses of individual pigment solutions, mixed pigment solutions, and dye extracted from silk dyeing. The developed instrumental method of the simultaneous detection of six pigments can identify dye in an exhumed textile if the textile is dyed using any one (or multiple) pigments of indigo, Phellodendron bark, or madder plant.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

Intact phycobilisomes from a wild-type red Chondrus crispus and its vegetatively derived green mutant were isolated by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Pigment composition was subsequently characterized by spectrophotometry. Vegetative thalli of the two strains grown together for six months in the laboratory resulted in different pigment profiles. Two pigmented phycobilisome bands appeared in the sucrose gradient of the wild-type alga, a purple coloured one, and a pink one, whereas only a single blue band appeared in the gradient of the green mutant. Spectrophotometric and fluorescence analyses identified the phycobiliprotein composition of the purple band as the typical phycoerythrin-phycocyanin-allophycocyanin complement in the wild-type, but there was no detectable phycoerythrin present in the blue band of the green mutant. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis confirmed the presence of allophycocyanin subunits in all extracts, but firm evidence of an R-phycoerythrin linker polypeptide in the blue band was missing. These results highlight the ability of C. crispus to adapt to a phycoerythrin deficiency by adjusting light harvesting pigment ratios.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.26
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• pp.77-101
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• 2005

In ancient times, many kinds of difference inorganic and organic pigment were used as colorants for making objects. This study has proved the damage regions on the aging conditions of the silk dyeing traditional pigment. so whiteness, tensile strength and digital-microscope were measured to examine the state of silk dyeing traditional pigments pretreated under each aging condition. From the result examining the state, all the silk dyeing traditional pigments were best condition at low temperature(-20/RT)and normal condition and damaged at high temperature($60^{\circ}C$) and 2ppm $SO_2$condition and UV condition. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline structure for the silk dyeing traditional pigments, most of specimens have nearly changed crystalline structure despite specimens had each other different conditions and times. Especially, specimens which was passing of 4-8 months have not changed in its crystalline structure. But some specimens like a Unghwang and Seokcheong have a little changed in its intensity in the XRD peak. Consequently, If we want to find out alteration of crystalline structure for the silk dyeing traditional pigments using scientific method according to change of environmental conditions, we must guarantee of equal state and strengthen of environmental conditions in specimen. Additionally, the term of experiment need to belong, and specimens which was experimented and analyzed must be same.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.339-345
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• 2014

This study analyzes and compares Hanji made with loess to Hanji made with kaolin, two yellow-based inorganic pigments, in terms of its physical properties, optical properties, and color fastness to light with the aim of using it as a fashion material. Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments showed an approximately 20% retention ratio on average. This figure was similar to those of loess and kaolin. Physical properties were analyzed, with the following results. A higher amount of additives lowered the apparent density and increased thickness and bulk. In general, inorganic pigment-added Hanji had lower tensile strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance compared to non-additive Hanji. The analysis of optical properties showed a lower brightness index for Hanji made with inorganic pigments compared to non-additive Hanji. When comparing the two inorganic pigments, the brightness of Hanji made with kaolin was higher. Regarding color fastness to light, loess showed level 4 and kaolin showed level 5 when 25% inorganic pigments on pulp were added to Hanji. Thus, Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments during the manufacturing process may perform well as materials for fashion because the additives enhanced both the color fastness to light and the bulk while maintaining the strength. In addition, Hanji dyed with inorganic pigments may have the potential to serve as materials for the fashion industry while still retaining the characteristics of Hanji.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.131-132
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• 2023

Recently, the construction industry has seen the emergence of interior and exterior finishes using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and colored concrete products using precast concrete (PC). However, the excessive amount of pigment used for coloring reduces the strength of the concrete. There is a need to improve the durability and chromaticity of colored concrete, and further analytical studies on the properties of colored concrete are also required. Therefore, in this paper, colored ultra-high strength cement composites (C-UHSCC) containing red and green inorganic pigments were prepared, and the compressive strength and color of the specimens were measured according to the age, and the correlation between strength and color was analyzed by simple linear regression analysis using R² value. The results showed that the red color was highly correlated with L^* and a^*, and the green color was highly correlated with a^*. These results can be considered for various concrete formulations, but research is needed to suggest the optimal pigment mixing ratio for proper strength and color development.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2013

Damaged the Jeoguibon (patterns of the Queen's ceremonial robe) was found during repair work of Daejojeon, Changdeok Palace in 2011. Analytical study on seven colors painted in the patterns has been conducted by P-XRF and Micro-XRD analysis. The result displays that red lead, ultramarine blue, conichalcite or mixed pigment of emerald green and barium white, orpiment and white lead had been used on the patterns. Comparison of the pigments used for the Pyeseulbon (patterns of the Queen's belt ornament covering knees in the front) housed in National Museum of Korea has revealed that not only red lead but also cinnabar and organic pigment had been used in the Jeoguibon and the Pyeseulbon housed in National Museum of Korea. In addition the same pigments has been examined in green and yellow parts of both the Jeoguibon in Daejojeon and the Pyeseulbon housed in National Museum of Korea. The result has shown that western's synthetic green pigment such as emerald green was introduced and used in 1920's. The scientific result from this study expects to be used as useful referencing data for the comparative understanding on pigments used in palace during the 20th century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2013

Market available fermented indigo powders of Indian origin (FI1, FI2), Chinese origin (FC1, FC2), and raw indigo powders of Indian origin (R1, R2) were examined using TLC and HPLC analyses to investigate their pigment contents. TLC analysis gave $R_f$ values of 0.81 and 0.72 for blue and red pigments, respectively. All the powder products and the synthetic and natural indigo standards eluted at 6.9 min and 8.3 min in the HPLC chromatograms, and the peaks showed the ${\lambda}_{max}$ at 610nm and 542nm, representing indigotin and indirubin, respectively. The pigment content calculated based on the area of indigotin and indirubin peaks in the HPLC chromatograms showed that the indigotin content was higher in FC1 and FC2, while FI1 and FI2 had a higher indirubin content. The relative percentage of indirubin was the highest in R2, but the HPLC peak intensity was quite low. Despite the higher indigotin content in FC1 and FC2, cotton dyed with FI1 and FI2 (versus cotton dyed with FC1 and FC2) showed a higher blue (B) hue, the highest K/S values, and the highest antimicrobial effect.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2008

This study examined the physicochemical properties of rice embryo in order to investigate the antioxidative effect of black rice bran pigment fraction on rice embryo lipid oxidation. Color stability of rice bran pigment fraction and acid value of added rice embryo were determined at various conditions of pH, temperature, and storage time. Rice embryo contained more crude protein (22.1%) compared to the rice bran (9.4%). However, rice embryo had a higher lipid content than rice bran, causing lipid oxidation during storage. Pigment fraction were relatively stable in acidic pH of 3.0 stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. Rice embryo showed increased acid value with increased storage time and temperature. Furthermore, rice embryo with pigment fraction resulted in lower acid value compared to the control group. Therefore, addition of black rice bran pigment fractions to rice embryo improved storage capacity.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 1999

During the process of conservation treatment for the shoes[object No. Bon 7038], a red piece of textile was discovered. It was confirmed that hematite(Fe₂O₃) was used as pigment, through the following scientific examinations as color measurements, solubility in a particular solvent, discoloration, thin-section investigation of cross section under the microscope, composition analysis by SEM-EDS and etc. This is the first red pigment of Kaya period discovered so far, and it is significant because it exists on textile. Besides, red pigment discovered on the shield trace excavated from Tomb No. 11 of Daesung-dong in Kimhae was confirmed as Mercury sulfide(HgS). These two facts testify that similar red pigments had been used both in Kaya and Three Kingdoms around the same period.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1990

Monascus anka strains with higher pigment production were developed using UV mutation and natural selection. To obtain organic solvent soluble pigments from Monascus anka, the following culture conditions were compared : standing and shaking culture with Nishikawa's medium, and shaking culture with Lin's medium. Shaking culture in Lin's medium exhibited decrease in solvent-soluble intracellular pigments after initial increase. The decrease was accompanied by the increase in water-soluble extracellular pigments. Monascus anka preferred sucrose and ethanol among 7 carbon sources tested. Treatment of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, $({\pm})$-miconazole and chlorocholine chloride(CCC) , directed carbon pool to the biosynthetic pathway leading to the pigments with CCC's more pronounced effect. Two dimensional TLC revealed at least 7 yellow pigments suggesting existence of hereto unreported pigment. One of the most abundant yellow pigments was isolated and found to be ankaflavin by NMR and MS analysis.