• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

광합성이 비교적 안정적인 자연광을 이용한 가스 노출 생장상을 사용하여 황금콩과 장엽콩 두 가지 콩 품종에 3일간 150 n1 1$^{-1}$의 농도로 오존을 처리한 후 잎에 나타나는 가시피해 뿐만 아니라 광합성, 기공 전도도, 엽록소 함량 등 생리적인 반응을 측정하였다. 잎에 나타난 가시피해는 기존의 보고와 마찬가지로 미세한 구릿빛 반점이었는데 장엽콩이 황금콩에 비해 빈번히 발생하였다. 하지만 오존 처리후 광합성은 황금콩에서 약 60%감소한 반면 장엽콩에서는 13%정도여서 황금콩의 오존 피해가 더 켰다. 오존으로 인한 콩잎의 광합성 감소 원인은 기공 전도도 감소에 따른 이산화탄소 공급량의 감소와 암반응의 동화효소인 rubisco의 활성저해로 설명이 가능하였다. 하지만 오존 처리로 인해 엽록소 함량 저해는 없었고, 가시피해의 면적도 전체 잎면적에 차지하는 비중이 미미하였으므로 이들은 광합성 감소 원인이 될 수 없었다. 한편, 오존 처리 완료 24시간 후에 광합성과 기공 전도도를 측정한 결과 24시간 전과 거의 비슷하므로 오존으로 인한 광합성 저해와 기공 닫힘의 변화가 하루만에 회복되지 않았다. 장엽콩은 무처리에서도 황금콩보다 광합성이 높았고, 오존 처리시 급격한 광합성 감소나 rubisco효소 활성도 크게 영향 받지 않았으며 다만 기공 전도도만 약간 낮아졌을 뿐이었다 이러한 생리적 결과로 미루어볼 때 장엽콩은 황금콩보다 오존에 저항성 품종이라 여겨진다. 비록 가시피해는 장엽콩에서 황금콩보다 빈번하게 발생되었지만 전반적인 생리적 피해는 황금콩에서 심각하므로 가시피해만으로 오존의 저항성, 감수성을 판단하는 것은 잘못된 것이다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

본 연구는 유아기질과 유아행복감, 놀이성, 자기조절력의 직접적인 효과와 유아기질과 유아행복감 간의 관계에서 놀이성과 자기조절력의 매개효과를 검증하여 유아기질에 따른 유아행복감에 미치는 영향 관계를 살피고 유아행복감 증진을 위한 이론적, 실천적 정보를 제공하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아기질의 활동성은 유아행복감에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아기질의 적응성, 활동성, 접근-회피성은 놀이성에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아기질의 생리적 규칙성은 자기조절력에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 놀이성과 자기조절력은 유아행복감에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 놀이성은 유아기질의 적응성, 활동성, 접근회피성과 행복감 간의 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 자기조절력은 유아기질의 생리적규칙성과 유아행복감 간의 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 유아기질의 하위요인들에 따라 유아행복감, 놀이성, 자기조절력에 미치는 직접적인 영향과 매개 변인인 놀이성과 자기조절력이 유아행복감에 미치는 간접적인 영향을 분석함으로써 유아행복감을 향상할 수 있는 방향성에 어떠한 것들이 있는지 파악하여 유아 보육 및 교육을 위한 이론적, 실무적 기초자료를 제공하는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.74-100
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• 1989

Inspite of the lots of studies on the harmfulness of cigarette smoking to the body published by many researchers since 1950, cigarette smoking people are increasing in number especially, cigarette smoking by young and women causes a serious problem. Examining the physiological motives of youth shows that, impulse which the youth want to immitate the adults, alluring curiousity, and defiant physiology of escaping from the norm of traditional groups which has been banned are cooperated well compoundly. As the period of the youth is the one which they accumulate knowledge and charactor by learning as well as the period of growth mentally, and physically they should be rightly educated about smoking before they addicted to smoking and it is desirable for us to make the youth to understand how harmfully the smoking is to effect to their growth and mental soundness simply not as a social norm which they should not smoke. The main motive of this study on the attitude of smoking by the youth is to give basic materials related on this field. For this study, 647 questionnaires were used as studying material which were able to analyze among 720 questionnaires of 2 classes of each grade of 3 high schools among the high schools of boys, girls and co-educated in Seoul from Oct. 21, 1988 through Oct. 26, 1988. Study Instrument are graded in Likert's 5 point from 40 questions which are 20 questions m affirmations and 20 questions in negations after analyzing the factors on 60 simple sentence questions which the students showed in preliminary studies. And these are systemized to be measured from 1 point which means they think smoking IS very bad to 5points which means they think smoking is really good. In these collected materials, technical statistics of frequency. percentage, average, standard deviation are used for general character and smoking attitude, $X^2-test$ for examinning Independant variables of physical. emotional, ethical and other areas pearson's coefficient of correlation for related direction and degree" and step­regression analysis for the degree of relative contribution of all variables which effect smoking attitude. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The smoking attitude of high school boys and girls showed average of 1.78 in physical area, 2.63 in emotional area, 2.61 in ethical area, 2.29 in other area respectively in a negative attitude generally also the negative attitude are expressed most strongly in physical area. I've can also say by this results that smoking is harmful to their health and further more it can be judged that this proves the youth in the period of preparation be adults have a strong curiousity in the emotional, ethical and other areas. 2. The most influential variables in each field as related factors effecting smoking attitude of the student can be explained from 13.2 in physical area the lowest experienced variables to 25.2 in emotional area the highest of degree of smoking experience. The fact that the more the smoking experienced students are increasing in number the higher tendency which accept the' smoking tells as the importance of health education about the population of latest student's smoking as important variables shown equally in each area. Those of grade, age, numbers of smoking people in house are showed meaningful in pure interrelation. Those related to the acceptance of teacher's smoking, sex, mothors education are shown meaningful in opposite interrelations. This means that the' increasing number' of smoking people in grade age, the number of smoker in family have a affirmative attitude. And people who are not interested in teacher's smoking wants to quit it, and whose mother's education is higher have a negative attitude. 3. The most negatively answered questions of the smoking attitude In physical, emotional, ethical and other areas are as belows; Firstly too much smoking is harmful to our health is 1.12 point. Secondly smoking have a ill-effect on pregnancy and embryo is 1.13 point. Thirdly smoking is harmful· to our health is 1.27 point. Fourthly smoking in crowed area with the people such as In a bus or subway should be prohibited is 1.27point. Fifthly smoking can ruin lungs is 1.31 point. And the most affirmatively answered questions are also as below; Firstly we showed smoke depending on time and place is 3.96 points. Secondly smoking is just habit is 3.83 points. Thirdly smoking people seem to be unable and deplorable is 3.69 point. Fourthly smoking should be prohibited by law is 3.56 points. Fifthly high school student's smoking is immitation of adults is 3.52 points.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.351-364
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 과학적 자기효능감, 과학적 자기효능감의 원천, 창의적 성향의 학년과 성별에 따른 차이를 살펴보았다. 연구 대상은 수도권에 소재한 3-6학년 초등학교 학생 495명이었다. 과학적 자기효능감은 학년과 성별에 따라 차이는 없었다. 과학적 자기효능감 원천은 성별에 따른 차이는 없었으나 학년에 따른 차이는 나타났다. 대리적 경험과 생리적 상태에 대한 점수가 3-4학년이 5-6학년보다 유의미하게 높았다. 창의적 성향에서도 성별에 따른 차이는 없지만 창의적 성향 중 동기와 모험심은 3-4학년이 5-6학년보다 유의미하게 높았다. 또한, 과학적 자기효능감의 원천들 중에서는 생리적 상태 점수가 가장 높고, 언어적 설득 점수는 가장 낮은 것으로 나타나 선생님이나 부모님, 친구들의 칭찬과 격려가 충분하지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 과학적 자기효능감에 미치는 변인들의 영향력을 살펴본 결과, 성공에 대한 경험이 가장 큰 설명력을 가지고 있었다. 두 번째로 자기효능감 원천 중에 언어적 설득의 설명력이 높았고, 세 번째로는 창의적 성향 중 인내가 설명력이 높았다. 이러한 과학적 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 영향력이 학년과 성별에 따라서 약간 상이한 것으로 나타났다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

Breastfeeding is an excellent way of feeding infants and continues to be an important source of nutrition and antibodies for infants. Although breast-feeding is believed to be important, the rate of breastfeeding among Korean women is very low. One reason for the low breastfeeding rate is that the health professionals in the past have given little practical help couples to overcome difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. The promotion of breastfeeding has recently become a high priority among health professionals because of the undisputed physiological, psychological, social, economic, and nutritional benefits. Fathers have been found to influence the course of breastfeeding, but no one has conducted a systematic investigation into in and included fathers perspectives of breastfeeding in Korea. It is important to find strategies to solve the problems by assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding with fathers as well as mothers. The purpose of this research is to find ways to promote primiparous(first child) couples's breastfeeding by assessing their general knowledge, attitude and practice of it. More specifically its purposes is to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, practice and the background factors of breastfeeding of primiparous couples in order to promote and support breastfeeding. The data will help health professionals to guide first-pregnancy couples to prepare and overcome any difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included both structured and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was composed referencing earlier literature, studies and surveys. This survey was made postpartum 2-3days after childbirth on 96 couples. The numbers of subjects for data analysis were selected 51 couples through pilot screening test. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences : Cronbach's alpha coefficient, T-test, ANOVA, Stepwise pearson's correlation coefficient. The relations between the variables of breastfeeding were examined using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study showed that, the internal validity of the instrument was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The result was : mother knowledge 0.72, mother attitude 0.88, and father knowledge 0.70, father attitude 0.92, practice 0.76 and planning of breast feeding 0.95. The average age of mothers in the sample was 28.9 years old, and the average age of fathers in the sample was 31.3 years old. The other descriptive informations available included. the study also found that fathers were more important than doctors or nurses. However results of the study indicate that there were no differences between father and mother knowledge of breastfeeding(t=-0.39, p=0.698), and father attitude was statistically significant higher than mother attitude of breastfeeding (t=2.24, p=0.030). In analysis, the variable 'practice' with breastfeeding was the relationship with mother knowledge (p=0.031) and mother attitude(p=0.015). In this study, the correlation between one couple' knowledge and attitude was not significant. Primiparous couples surveyed in the postpartum period regarding knowledge, attitude and practice about breastfeeding might be affected by recall bias, the effects of the euphoria of the first 24-48 hours postpartum, but these variables were not examined. This study results add to the body of knowledge about nursing care for breastfeeding mothers and fathers. This indicates that a need for education about breastfeeding and, that fathers be included in it as well as mothers.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2016

This study aimed to analyze postures that were frequently conducted in manufacturing industry. To find grip strength and muscle activities of each posture, Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and ElectroMyoGraphy (EMG) were measured. Based on the results of this study, the most appropriate posture could be suggested and used as a basic information for preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Most work-related musculoskeletal disorders have been occurred in the fields of manufacturing industry. According to previous studies, it was reported that the rate of musculoskeletal diseases of upper extremity was higher than that of other body parts. Accordingly, there were many studies about discomfort and grip strength of upper extremity. However, these studies dealt with single selection of wrist, elbow and shoulder. So, it was insufficient for comprehensive studies about upper extremity. And in order to improve the work posture, the physiological changes being generated by the combination of wrist, elbow and shoulder postures should be observed and analyzed. In order to conduct this study, thirty university students who had no records of MSDs involved were recruited. Independent variables were postures of wrist(pronation, neutral, supination), postures of elbow(flexion $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) and postures of shoulder(flexion $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$). And dependent variables were MVC values and EMG values. Jamar dynamometer and TeleMyo 2400T G2 was used to measure MVC and EMG. MVC and EMG for 12 postures were measured for three second and for three times. Experiment was performed randomly. A 10 minutes rest period was provided after each t. To measure muscle load, the EMG signals of eight muscles (Biceps, Medial triceps, Lateral triceps, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris and Flexor carpi radialis) were evaluated. MVC values and EMG values were analyzed using Minitab ver. 14. The results showed that MVC value was the highest at shoulder $0^{\circ}$, elbow $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination. In case of wrist postures, MVC of supination is the highest. In case of elbow and shoulder postures, MVC of flexion $45^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ was the highest. It was found that there were interaction between wrist and elbow posture under shoulder flexion and between shoulder and wrist under elbow flexion $45^{\circ}$. In case of the angle of shoulder $0^{\circ}$, elbow $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination, the EMG values of four muscles(Medial Triceps, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris) were the highest. Based on this study, it is worth to note that the combination postures of upper extremity have a large impact on the MVC and EMG. The optimal condition upper extremity was shoulder flexion $0^{\circ}$, elbow flexion $45^{\circ}$ and wrist supination for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disease.

• 감성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2010

이 연구는 그림 자료의 근접성(고근접 vs. 저근접)에 따른 제시여부와 읽기모드(단순읽기 vs. 요약읽기)에 따른 학습자의 인지부하 차이를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 특히, 이 연구에서는 전기피부반응을 통하여 인지부하의 정도를 측정하였다. 실험참가자는 34명(통제집단=17명, 실험집단=17명)이었으며 고근접 조건과 저근접 조건에 대한 반복구획요인설계를 적용하였다. 또한 각 실험조건에서 측정된 과제난이도 지각점수를 공변량으로 투입하여 학습자의 사전지식에 의한 영향력을 통제하였다. 그림 자료의 근접성의 정도에 따라서 고근접 그림 자료와 저근접 그림 자료가 순차적으로 제시되었다. 처음에는 단순읽기 모드가 제시되었고 이후에 요약읽기를 수행하였다. 전기피부반응은 단순읽기와 요약읽기에서 모두 측정되었다. 이 연구의 종속변수는 전기피부반응과 지각된 난이도였다. 연구결과에 따르면 고근접 자료가 제시된 조건에서는 유의미한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 저근접 조건에서는 그림 자료의 제시여부 및 읽기모드 사이에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 즉, 저근접 조건에서는 텍스트만 제시하는 것보다는 그림 자료가 제시될 때 전기피부반응이 올라갔다. 또한 단순 읽기 보다 요약읽기에서 더 높은 전기피부반응이 측정되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 저근접 그림은 인지부하를 유발하는 요인이 될 수 있으며 읽기모드가 복잡해지면 인지부하가 높아질 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 동일한 자료를 활용한다고 하더라도 인지과정의 복잡성 정도에 따라서 인지부하가 달라질 수 있다는 것이다. 그러나 학습성취과 같은 과제수행 요인과 더 높은 난이도에서의 인지부하 측정에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2012

In Sasang constitutional medicine, doctors diagnose and treat patients according to their Sasang consitutition (SC) type. In this work, by a clinical test with a radial pulse tonometer, we investigated radial pulse properties which were significant in distinguishing unhealthy subjects from healthy subjects for each SC type. We measured radial pulse properties on left and right Gwan locations with a pulse tonometer for 299 elderly female subjects of age of 50 years old or above. We used a newly developed SCAT system to determine subjects' SC types. Subjects' health levels of either healthy or unhealthy were determined independently by two Korean medical doctors. To investigate the statistical differences, we used either of Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the normality of distribution of test statistic. For TE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in heart rate, systolic to diastolic period, pulse depth, while they showed significant decreases in width of pulse in normal direction, pulse area in diastolic period, and high harmonic components (6th, 7th) of power spectral density. For SE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in pulse pressure and pulse depth, while no significant differences were found for SY type. We investigated the characteristic differences in radial pulse properties due to change in health levels on each SC type for elderly females. Pulse variables which were significantly different between healthy subjects and unhealthy subjects were found to vary between SC types. For TE type subjects, many variables were found significant at the left Gwan location, which is in support of the theory of hyperactive liver functioning for TE type. Irrespective of the constitution, the related changes in the pulse properties due to worsened health level were in support of elevated blood flow amount in compensation with weakened blood circulatory function.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.43-65
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 가정과 학원에서 이루어지는 영아의 조기영어교육 실태를 조사하고 영아어머니들의 영아영어교육에 대한 요구에의 영향 변인을 분석하는 것이었다. 연구대상은 어린이집에 다니는 36개월 미만의 자녀를 둔 어머니 441명이었다. 질문 조사에 의해 수집된 자료로써 빈도분석과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상의 30.9%가 영어교육을 하고 있으며, 주로 어린이집에서의 영어교육을 계기로, 시작시기는 생후 24개월~36개월 이전에 교육을 시작한 것으로 나타났다. 교육실태는 공통적으로 주 1~2회, 회당 30분 미만 실시, 5만원 미만의 월교육비, 교사는 영어를 전공한 한국인, '간단한 회화'를 위해 시청각 자료의 사용, 학습지나 워크북의 높은 활용으로 요약되었다. 한편, 66.0%의 어머니가 영아영어교육에 대해 긍정적 입장을 취하며, 자녀 연령과 월수입이 높을수록, 그리고 신경생리학적, 언어학적, 사회적 영어교육 요구 근거에 동의할수록 교육 요구가 긍정적일 확률이 높았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 영아영어교육에 대한 바람직한 안내가 보다 구체적으로, 시급하게 이루어질 필요가 있다고 시사되었다.