• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1785-1793
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• 2008

Fifty-four PIC barrows were used to evaluate the effects of lower dietary lysine content and energy level on carcass characteristics and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of three treatments by body weight with six replicate pens in each treatment. The dietary treatments for body weights of 20-50 kg, 50-80 kg and 80-90 kg were as follows, respectively: control diet (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.67 g/MJ, 0.53 g/MJ and 0.42 g/MJ); a low lysine group (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ); and a low lysine-low energy group or low nutrient group (digestible energy 13.11 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ). The daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated in the overall growth period (nearly 12 weeks). Meanwhile, carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at 60 and 90 kg body weight respectively. During the overall growth trial, lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level both decreased weight gain (p<0.05) and feed efficiency (p<0.01). At 60 kg body weight, decreasing dietary lysine and nutrient level noticeably decreased dressing percentage (p<0.01) and back fat depth at last rib of PIC pigs (p<0.01), but enhanced marbling scores (p<0.10), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10) and water loss rate (p<0.01) of the longissimus dorsi muscle. At 90 kg body weight, lean percentage (p<0.01) was evidently reduced by both lowering lysine content and nutrient level in the diet. However, the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.05) and marbling scores of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05) were increased; Lowering dietary nutrient level could improve back fat depth of 10th rib (p<0.01) and last rib (p<0.01), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10), redness (p<0.01) and water loss rate of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05), but decrease loin area (p<0.05). Finally, when comparing the 60 kg and 90 kg slaughter weights, it was found that the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.10), 6th-7th rib (p<0.01, p<0.01), 10th-rib (p<0.01, p<0.01) and last rib back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.01) of the low lysine and low nutrient group were all obviously increased comparing with the control group. Taken together, the results showed that decreasing dietary lysine content and nutrient level increased intramuscular fat content and water loss rate of longissimus dorsi muscle; On the other hand, both lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level markedly compensated to increase back fat deposition in the later finishing period (body weight from 60 to 90 kg) in contrast to the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.129-135
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• 2007

In order to analyze the effect of fines content on sedimentation and self-weight consolidation characteristics of dredged soil, a series of self-weight consolidation tests with different fines content were conducted. From the experimental test results on dredged soils, it was found that the coefficient of sedimentation and consolidation is correlated with water content. And it is related to fines content as well. So, in this study, correlation between fines content and the coefficient of sedimentation and consolidation has been proposed. And it is expected that the coefficient of sedimentation and consolidation can be estimated by the percentage of fines content.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2018

Soils are generally classified as fine-grained or coarse-grained depending on the percentage content of the primary constituents. In reality, soils are actually made up of mixed and composite constituents. Soils primarily classified as fine-grained, still consists of a range of coarse particles as secondary constituents in between 0% to 50%. A laboratory scale model test was conducted to investigate the influence of coarse particles on the physical (e.g., density, water content, and void ratio) and mechanical (e.g., quick undrained shear strength) properties of primarily classified fine-grained cohesive soils. Pure kaolinite clay and sand-mixed kaolinite soil (e.g., sand content: 10%, 20%, and 30%) having various water contents (60%, 65%, and 70%) were preconsolidated at different stress levels (0, 13, 17.5, 22 kPa). The quick undrained shear strength properties were determined using the conventional Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) method and the new Fall Cone Test (FCT) method. The corresponding void ratios and densities with respect to the quick undrained shear strength were also observed. Correlations of the physical properties and quick undrained shear strengths derived from the SCPT and FCT were also established. Comparison of results showed a significant relationship between the two methods. From the results of FCT and SCPT, there is a decreasing trend of quick undrained shear strength, strength increase ratio ($S_u/P_o$), and void ratio (e) as the sand content is increased. The quick undrained shear strength generally decreases with increased water content. For the same water content, increasing the sand content resulted to a decrease in quick undrained shear strength due to reduced adhesion, and also, resulted to an increase in density. Similarly, it is observed that the change in density is distinctively noticeable at sand content greater than 20%. However, for sand content lower than 10%, there is minimal change in density with respect to water content. In general, the results showed a decrease in quick undrained shear strength for soils with higher amounts of sand content. Therefore, as the soil adhesion is reduced, the cone penetration resistances of the FCT and SCPT reflects internal friction and density of sand in the total shear strength.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.100-113
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• 2011

Objectives: Brain edema is brain swelling that occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the brain parenchyma. AQP4 and AQP9 are water-channel proteins expressed strongly in the brain and control water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on brain edema and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase(0.23 U/${\mu}l$, 0.1 ${\mu}l$/min) into Sprague-Dawley rat brains. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang water extract(1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally three times every 20 hours from 4 hours after ICH operation. Then hematoma volume, brain edema percentage, and water content of brain tissue were measured. Immuno-histochemistry was performed for AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analyzing system. Results: 1. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced hematoma volume of ICH induced rat. 2. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 3. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced brain edema percentage and water content of brain tissue of ICH induced rat. 4. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP4 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 5. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP9 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang decreases intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema by means of downregulating AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.94-99
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• 1992

In this study , some factors such as mix proportion, type and dosage of high range water reducing admixture(HRWR) and natural pozzolanas influencing on the slump loss of high strength concrete(H.S.C) using HRWR were investigated for reducing the slump loss. The acquired results indicated that the slump loss of H.S.C was affected according to cement content, sand percentage and type and dosage of HRWR and fly ash was superior to ground granulated blast furance slag in reducing the slump loss of H.S.C.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.61-64
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• 1997

As construction technology advances, most of concrete structures are becoming larger and taller. Therefore, high strength and quality concrete is necessary for them. So, the proposal of using belite cement is investigated to satisfy high flowing, low heat, and high strength. In this study, the compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulous of elasticity of concrete using belite cement was considered according to the mix proposition condition as a water-cement ratio, unit cement content, and sand percentage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.254-262
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to select the desirable welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) varieties for the year-round cultivation in water culture. Ten varieties were tested, of which five were Korean's and the other five were Japanese's. The germination percentage and germinative energy of most varieties we.e more than 90 percent. The fastest germination speed were 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Fuyune'. The best growth of the varieties were 'Geumjanguedaepa' and 'Tokyokuro' in spring, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa', 'Saesaeksisilpa' and 'Tokyokuro' in summer, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Tokyokuro' in fall, and 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Midorigawa' and 'Tokyokuro' in winter cultivation. Suitable varieties of growth fur all seasons were 'Geurnjanguedaepa' and 'Tokyokuro', though 'Gujopa' was good in summer and fall. In the view of nutritional content, nitrate content was significantly lower in 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Tokyokuro' and 'Fuyune' than that in'Saesaeksisilpa' and 'Starziam'. Vitamin C content was higher in 'Aqua Green', 'Midorigawa' and 'Seoulbaekpa' than that of the others. Pyruvic acid content was the highest in 'Geumjanguedaepa' and 'Suckchanguedaepa'. Based on the above results, 'Geumjanguedaepa', 'Gujopa' and 'Tokyokuro' were selected as the most desirable young welsh onion varieties for the year-round water culture.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1120-1130
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the dressing percentage and physicochemical characteristics, such as fatty acid composition, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force, meat color, cooking loss, and sensory evaluation, of experimental pork obtained from a total of 12 standard pigs and sows. The water content of tenderloin (73.38%) was the highest in standard pork (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference in crude protein content was shown between standard pork and sow pork (p<0.05). There were significant differences between standard pork and sow pork in shear forces of loin and tenderloin (p<0.01). There was a significant difference in WHC between standard pork and sow pork in loin, tenderloin, and hind legs (p<0.05). The CIE $L^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values of standard loin were significantly higher than those of sow loin (p<0.05). The CIE $a^*$ values of sow loin were significantly higher than those of standard loin (p<0.05). The contents of arachidonic acid for standard pork and sow pork were 0.33% and 0.84%, respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in the total content of unsaturated fatty acid between the two groups. There were no significant differences between standard pork and sow pork after sensory evaluation, except for color and tenderness. The overall acceptability of standard pork was significantly higher than that of sow pork (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.891-897
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• 2021

There is a need for a technology that can quickly and accurately analyze soil carbon contents. Existing soil carbon analysis methods are cumbersome in terms of professional manpower requirements, time, and cost. It is against this background that the present study leverages the soil physical properties of color and water content levels to develop a model capable of predicting the carbon content of soil sample. To predict the total carbon content of soil, the RGB values, water content of the soil, and lux levels were analyzed and used as statistical data. However, when R, G, and B with high correlations were all included in a multiple regression analysis as independent variables, a high level of multicollinearity was noted and G was thus excluded from the model. The estimates showed that the estimation coefficients for all independent variables were statistically significant at a significance level of 1%. The elastic values of R and B for the soil carbon content, which are of major interest in this study, were -2.90 and 1.47, respectively, showing that a 1% increase in the R value was correlated with a 2.90% decrease in the carbon content, whereas a 1% increase in the B value tallied with a 1.47% increase in the carbon content. Coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) methods were used for regression verification, and calibration samples showed higher accuracy than the validation samples in terms of R² and MAPE.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.204-208
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• 2004

In the forthcoming 21C, the barometer of cultural lives depends on that the water demand will increase or not. On the opposite site of that, the small watersheds will influence directly on how to cover the surface of watersheds with land use, no planning developing watersheds, and the rearrangement of small rivers. Espacially as the exordinary climatic phenomena, water resources and water content of the small watersheds will be confused oil exactly not to make a plan of water resources. This study area has four small watersheds groups in Gangwon-Do Province, that is, group I five small river watersheds including Changchoncheon etc., group II fiver rivers watersheds including to Hwalsanmogicheon etc., group III five small river watersheds including Singicheon etc., group IV including to Sabulanggolcheon etc. According to the land use such as dry field(or farm), ice field, forest land, building lot arid others, in small watersheds, the amount of runoff will be impacted by precipitation. The comparison between the runoff was getting from Kajiyama Formular and calculated runoff from multi-linear regressed equations by land use percentage was performed. Its correlation which was estimated by coefficient of correlation will be accepted or not, as approched 1.00000 values. As the monthly water resources amount is estimated by multi-linear regressed equations, we make a plan to demand and supply the water quantity from small river watersheds during any return periods.