• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2006

Fumigant toxicity of 34 plant essential oils were tested against female adults of Culex pipiens pallens. Seven oils (basil, coriander, fennel, pennyroyal, peppermint, thyme red, thyme white) showed more than 60% mortality at 1 ${\mu}L\;L^{-1}$ air concentration and pennyroyal oil appeared to have the highest adulticidal activity. GC and GC-MS analysis of the seven essential oils and bioassay of their components revealed that pulegone (a major component of pennyroyal oil) and anethole (a major component of fennel and basil oil, $LD_{50}$, ${\mu}L\;L^{-1}$ air =0.49) showed higher adulticidal activities than others. In addition to the above two components, linalool ($LT_{50}$, min=0.91), camphor ($LT_{50}$, min=1.06), fenchone ($LT_{50}$, min=1.16), 1,8-cineole ($LT_{50}$, min=2.93), and geranyl acetate ($LT_{50}$, min=1.60) also showed higher adulticidal activity than empenthrin ($LT_{50}$, min=3.45).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.510-521
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• 2016

Purpose. The aim of this study was to provide Aromatherapist with analysis of correlation between MBTI personality type and scent preference of natural aroma essential oil in university students. Methods. Data was analyzed by students whom participated in the research on the scent preference of natural aroma essential oil of students from m university who accomplished to MBTI personality survey. Results. As a result, the introverted personality types more liked Peppermint and felt more intensive scent than extroverted personality types did(p=0.006). Extroverted personality types recognized Neroli as feminine scent(p=0.034) and introverted personalty types recognized Frankincense as feminine scent(p=0.045). Extroverted personality types felt that Juniper berry is exciting scent(p=0.036) and that Rosemary(p=0.044) and Lavender(p=0.030) are eco-friendly scent. And introverted personality types relatively less did than extroverted personality types. Conclusions. This study is to get a basic data of aroma preference of university students by looking into the influence that MBTI personality type affect natural aroma preference and to use this data for ease off school stress and job seekng stess and counsel the students.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2024

Background: External parasites, particularly ticks and fleas, are among the most common problems affecting dogs. Chemical medicines are commonly used to prevent and eliminate such external parasites, but their improper use can cause adverse reactions, and the toxins they contain may remain in the environment. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro efficacy of Zanthoxylum limonella, citronella, clove, peppermint, and ginger essential oils against dog ticks and fleas and to test the sensitivity of dogs' skin to these essential oils. Methods: The five essential oils were tested for in vitro efficacy against ticks and fleas, and the two most effective essential oils were then tested on the dogs' skin. Results: The results revealed that these five essential oils at 16% concentrations effectively inhibited the spawning of female engorged ticks. In addition, all five essential oils had a strong ability to kill tick larvae at concentrations of 2% upward. Furthermore, 4% concentrations of the five essential oils quickly eliminated fleas, especially clove oil, which killed 100% of fleas within 1 h. A 50%, 90%, and 99% lethal concentration (LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and LC₉₉) for the essential oils on tick larvae in 24 h were found to be low values. LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and LC₉₉ for the essential oils on flea in 1 h was lowest values. Clove oil at 16% concentration was the most satisfactory essential oil for application on dogs' skin, with a low percentage of adverse effects. Conclusions: This study confirmed the effectiveness of essential oils for practical use as tick and flea repellents and eliminators. Essential-oil-based pharmaceutical can replace chemical pesticides and provide benefits for both consumers and the environment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.443-448
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• 1992

To investigate the production of monoterpenoids by Mentha pipperita cells in suspension culture, effects of media formulation, plant growth hormones, initial pH of the media, and cold stress on the production of essential oil and menthol were analyzed. Among the media employed, Lin-Staba medium resulted in the best essential oil production. Addition of 100 mg/l of yeast extract to the Lin-Staba medium induced the cells to produce large amount of essential oil and high content of menthol (0.39 g/l and 19.6%, respectively). In the effect of plant growth hormone, auxine were more effective than cytokinins. At initial pH of 4.7, oil production was good but menthol content was low. However at pH 5.7 the trend was reversed. When the culture temperature was lowered from $27^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ during 6 hour-dark period, growth was not changed much but essential oil production and menthol content was increased and reached to 528 mg/l and 21%, respectively.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop 'Emotion Rating Scale induced by Odors'and to identify the structure of odor emotion induced by odors. At first 37 adjectives that describe odor to develop a rating scale were selected. Subjects were to rate odor emotion on a 7-point bipolar scale. 304 subjects participated and were as a group instructed to rate odor emotion. 53 out of 304 subjects were retested to test for reliability of the scale two weeks after under the same condition and finally 25 adjectives were then selected based on high test-retest reliability and factor loading, high contributing to one factor. 24 subjects each in 10s, 20s, 30s & 40s were to rate odor emotion induced by 5 different odors on the scale developed. The structure of odor emotion consisted of 'Esthetics', 'Intensity', 'Romance', 'Nature'and 'Character'. The structure of odor emotion by age appeared quite similar but that by different odors was little bit different.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.186-194
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and feelings of satisfaction in life of arthritis patients. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, pre-and post-test. The sample consisted of 40 patients, enrolled in the Rheumatics Center, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, South Korea. The essential oils used were lavender, marjoram, eucalyptus, rosemary, and peppermint blended in proportions of 2:1:2:1:1. They were mixed with a carrier oil composed of almond (45%), apricot(45%), and jojoba oil(10%) and they were diluted to 1.5% after blending. The data were analyzed using an 2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and paired t-test. Result: Aromatherapy significantly decreased both the pain score and the depression score of the experimental group compared with the control group. However, aromatherapy didn't increase the feeling of satisfaction in life of the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study clearly shows that aromatherapy has major effects on decreasing pain and depression levels. Based on our experiment's findings, we suggest that aromatherapy can be a useful nursing intervention for arthritis patients.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 1993

The effect of fungal elicitor, Pluronic F-68 and methylcellulose on suspension culture of M piperita cells was investigated in shake flasks. About a two-fold increase in oil production was observed in response to the treatment of the fungal elicitor prepared from Rhodotorula rubra. Low concentration of Pluronic F-68 or methylcellulose enhanced Peppermint cell growth at 100 rpm of agitation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

Work involving standing or walking for a long time can cause swelling, pain, and fatigue in the lower extremities due to the effect of gravity on the circulation of the body. This study aimed to confirm the effects of aromatherapy essential oils, as a complementary and alternative therapy, on lower extremity edema, pain, and fatigue when applied as a foot bath or spray. The study was conducted after daytime work over two consecutive days on nurses who volunteered at the E University Hospital in D Metropolitan city between 15 August 2018 and 11 October 2018. This randomized controlled study. The foot bath group received a foot bath in 9 L of water containing 0.5 ml of essential oil blended with grapefruit and peppermint in a 1:1 ratio. The spray group received the same solution in 3% dilution in the form of a spray. Edema was assessed by measuring calf and ankle circumference, while pain and fatigue were evaluated using a numerical rating scale. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA. The calf circumference in the foot bath and spray groups significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (F = 14.053, p <.001) after the interventions. Lower extremity pain (F = 42.497, p < .001) and fatigue (F = 20.641, p < .001) also significantly reduced in the foot bath and spray groups compared to those in the control group after the interventions. Foot bath is recommended to relieve swelling and pain in the lower extremities, and aroma spray is highly recommended considering the ease of application.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.430-439
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• 2021

Essential oils with excellent antibacterial activity were used to study the inhibitory effect against the six types of food poisoning biofilms formed on the surfaces of polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) that are widely used for food processing instruments and containers. The antibacterial activity of 20 kinds of essential oils was tested using the disk diffusion method. The result showed the degree of antibacterial activity in the following order: cinnamon> clove> lemongrass> peppermint> pine needle (highest to lowest). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon and clove oil were in the range of 0.63-1.25 mg/mL and 1.25-2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC of lemongrass oil were 1.25-2.50 mg/mL and 2.50-5.00 mg/mL, respectively, showing slightly less antibacterial activity. Although the preventive effect of three types of essential oils on the biofilm formation differed slightly depending on food poisoning bacteria, PE, and SS, it was found that the precoating of 0.5% cinnamon, clove, and lemongrass oil on the PE and SS affects the formation of biofilm. Increased essential oil concentration significantly inhibited the biofilm formation for all food poisoning bacteria (P<0.05), and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were not formed when treated with 0.5% cinnamon and clove oil. The elimination effect of food poisoning bacteria biofilms formed on the surfaces of PE and SS differed depending on the type of food poisoning bacteria. Still, the biofilm elimination effect increased as the essential oil concentration increased, and the biofilm elimination rate of clove oil was generally high. Therefore, this study found that the cinnamon and clove essential oils (0.5%) are suitable natural materials that effectively prevent, inhibit, and remove the biofilms formed by the food poisoning bacteria on the surfaces of polyethylene and stainless steel.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate of bacteremia following toothbrushing with toothpastes composed of several antibacterial agents and compare the results with the conventional oral hygiene maintaining methods in orthodontic patients. Methods: This clinical study included 100 adult orthodontic patients who were divided into 4 groups. Each group comprised of 25 patients, wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In the first group, bacteremia was assessed after toothbrushing without using any toothpaste. In the second group, a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse was used before brushing with no toothpaste. In the third group, subjects brushed with a commonly used toothpaste which did not include an additional antimicrobial agent. The fourth experimental group used toothpaste which included tea tree oil, clove oil, peppermint oil and bisabolol as antimicrobial elements. Pre- and post-brushing blood samples were obtained using a strict aseptic technique. All samples were microbiologically evaluated using blood culture bottles. Results: Toothbrushing in orthodontic patients yielded to an increase in the occurrence rate of bacteremia when using normal toothpaste or no toothpaste at all. Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash before toothbrushing, and brushing with antimicrobial toothpaste did not show a statistically significant difference in preventing the occurrence of bacteremia (p > 0.05).