• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

Photonic crystal structures have been received considerable attention due to their high optical sensitivity. One of the techniques to construct their structure is the dip-pen lithography (DPN) process, which requires a nano-scale resolution and high reliability. In this paper, we propose a two dimensional photonic crystal array to improve the sensitivity of optical biosensor and DPN process to realize it. As a result of DPN patterning test, we have observed that the diffusion coefficient of the mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) molecule ink in octanol is much larger than that in acetonitrile. In addition, we have designed and fabricated optical waveguides based on the mach-zehnder interferometer (MZI) for application to biosensors. The waveguides were optimized at a wavelength of 1550 nm and fabricated according to the design rule of 0.45 delta%, which is the difference of refractive index between the core and clad. The MZI optical waveguides were measured of the optical characteristics for the application of biosensor.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 1980

Accepting the necessity for maintaining the objectives of the existing circulation system, the computer-based system could be designed by the system analyst and librarians to gain a variety of improvements in the maintenance, accessibility of circulation records and more meaningful statistical records. If the terminal can be operated on-line, then this circulation data is transmitted directly to the computer, where it may update to the circulation file immediately or alternatively be kept in direct access file for updating in batch mode. on-line system in the circulation operations is "data-collection system" and "Bar-coded label system" Bar-coded label system is simple, quick, and error-free input of data. Attached to CRT terminal is a "light pen" which is hand held and will read a bar-coded label as the pen is passed over the labels (one affixed to the book itself, other carried on the borrower cards). Instantaneously the data concerning transaction is stored in the central mini-computer. It is useful, economical for us to co-operate many libraries in Korea and design borrower's ID code, book no., classification code in the Bar-coded label system by the members of the computer center and the library staff at every stage. As for book loan, the borrowers ID code, book number and classification code are scanned by the bar-code scanner or light pen and the computer decides whether to loan and store the data. The visual display unit shows the present status of a borrowers borrowing and decides whether borrower can borrow.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.275-302
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chu Hsi's theory of Ge Wu by analyzing the $L{\ddot{u}}$ shi daxuexie (呂氏大學解) in the Critique of Adulterated Learning (雜學辨). Critique of Adulterated Learning was written by Chu Hsi(朱熹) for the purpose of criticizing the confucian scholars who inclined to Taoism and Buddhism. Chu Hsi criticized $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi, especially focusing on his understandings based on the Buddhist tendency. $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung considered Ge Wu Zhi Zhi as the processes of emerging Liang Zhi of the Subject to discipline by investigating the Li of things. He said "Regard an awakening as the standard of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi", as he payed more attention to the mind of the Subject rather than a long process of accumulation of Li. In comparison with him, Chu Hsi considered enormous each step to accumulate Li as more important to reach the completions of knowledge. Especially, while grasping Li, he considered they should have an understandings of things from the routines to the origins of the principles - that is from the principles of things to the reasons of things are. Chu Hsi approached to the Ge Wu in the meaning of political theory in his early days. However, Chu Hsi expands the width of his thought with a theoretical tool of 'Li-i fen-shu (理一分殊)' in the course of criticizing $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung's theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi. In that sense, His criticism of $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory was not only the process of struggling against Buddhist philosophies, but also the process of deepening of his philosophy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

A great variety of handheld device are coming onto the market. Some have advanced features compacted into very small sized hardware. In order to maximize the capability of these devices, we need to understand the characteristics of different input methods and utilize them in a sufficient way. Our study aims to understand characteristics of each device, so that we can design user interfaces more effectively. Two experiments were conducted to compare target pointing performance with a pen and with a hardware key on small displays. In experiment 1, we examined participants' performance of target pointing with both input methods at different target sizes. It was found that pen operation is more erroneous than key based operation when target size is smaller than 5mm, but at a target size of 5mm, the error rate decreased to the same level as for key input. In experiment 2, we examined the effect of the number of targets. The results showed, with a target size of 5mm, the pen could point to targets quicker than with key input, when the distance to the target exeeds a path length of 3 steps.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

The daily report includes the most detailed information and various daily planning and performance data recorded at a site, and includes work types, the number of workers, and the equipment and materials used. However, in the daily reporting process, some information can be omitted or distorted or even made redundant due to there being several steps of manual input. For this reason, the daily report is utilized for a simple report rather than for an appropriate purpose. Thus, to resolve the issues of the existing daily report system mentioned above, a daily report system using a digital pen was developed and then applied to an actual construction site to verify its applicability. As a result, it was found that 96.610% recognition accuracy of handwritten letters could be achieved. In addition, it was no longer necessary to enter the same information multiple times and no additional training or education for using a mobile device was needed. The digital pen-based daily report program developed in this study is expected to contribute to an improvement of information management efficiency and site document management work by addressing the problems of the existing report system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

In this paper, we present marker-less fingertip and brush tracking system with inexpensive web camera. Parallel computation using CUDA is applied to the tracking system. This tracking system can run on inexpensive environment such as a laptop or a desktop and support for real-time application. We also present realistic water-based sign pen drawing model and implementation. The realistic drawing application with our inexpensive real-time fingertip and brush tracking system shows us the art class of the future. The realistic drawing application, along with our inexpensive real-time fingertip and brush tracking system, would be utilized in test-bed for the future high-technology education environment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.870-878
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• 2012

Recently, very rapid development of computer and sensor technologies induces various kinds of user interface (UI) technologies based on user experience (UX). In this study, we investigate and develop a smart touch projector system technology on the basis of IR sensor and image processing. In the proposed system, a user can control computer by understanding the control events based on gesture of IR pen as an input device. In the IR image, we extract the movement (or gesture) of the devised pen and track it for recognizing gesture pattern. Also, to correct the error between the coordinate of input image sensor and display device (projector), we propose a coordinate correction algorithm to improve the accuracy of operation. Through this system technology as the next generation human-computer interaction, we can control the events of the equipped computer on the projected image screen without manipulating the computer directly.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-126
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• 1989

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, retrieve and display the data which are referenced to geographic location. With the progress of computer graphics technologies, GIS is now become applicable to microcomputer level. A prototype Sea Information System (SIS) applicable to microcomputer has been developed for serving informations related to naval operations in the special sea areas. This system includes GIS technologies, cartographic data captured through the tablet digitizer. which results immediate displaying on pen plotters. GIS provides users with menu-driven user interface for the retrieval of informations concerning military zones, patrol area of war ship, naval bases, radar sites and its search area, missile stations, and ships' current positions. The system is currently applicable to IBM PC/AT. Minimal hardware configuration consists 640k RAM, hard disk, and pen plotter or dot matrix printer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.2285-2288
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• 2002

PDAs와 같은 휴대용 컴퓨터의 발전은 펜을 이용한 데이터 입력과 처리 기술에 대한 요구를 증가시키고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 PDAs용 애플리케이션들은 키보드와 마우스를 주된 입력 도구로 사용하는 데스크 탑 컴퓨터의 GUI와 입력 방식을 그대로 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 펜 기반의 휴대용 컴퓨터에서 필기체 데이터 문서를 편집할 수 있도록 해주는 펜 제스쳐(pen gesture)기능 허용 텍스트 에디터를 개발하였다. 삽입, 삭제, 앞뒤 낱말 바꾸기, 줄 바꾸기 등의 제스쳐 인식 방법과 제스쳐 처리를 위해 스트록들(strokes)을 GCs(Gesture Components) 단위로 그룹화하기 위한 방법들을 제안하였다. 제스쳐 허용 에디터의 개발은 펜 기능만으로 문서 편집을 위한 모든 작업을 가능하게 해 줌으로 사용자의 편의를 극대화시켜 준다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

In this paper, an optical touch panel device is newly proposed, with operating principle based on the optical coupling between a pointing pen having a built-in light source and perpendicularly crossed optical waveguide arrays. In order to enable an external light to couple into a waveguide core, the auxiliary pyramidal structures are introduced into all intersecting points located periodically along optical waveguides. The shape is optimized for minimizing the unwanted propagation loss due to the same structure by a ray tracing method. For the optical waveguide with the size of $50{\times}50{\mu}m^2$, the bottom width, height, and slope angle of the optimized pyramidal structure are $50{\mu}m$, $22.5{\mu}m$, and $42^{\circ}$, respectively. The optical coupling efficiency of about 97.8% and the average propagation loss of 0.3 dB/mm were achieved for the optimized touch panel. Finally, it is found from the tolerance analysis that tilting of the pen up to ${\pm}12^{\circ}$ can be allowed.