• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

In modern society, the amount of alcohol ingestion is increasing at a dangerous level, especially among women. One of reason for increased alcohol consumption is stress caused by social pressures. Alcohol is a kind of depressant of centric nervous system, so it can induce relaxation of body and decrease the stress. The evidence on the effects of alcohol on the fetus is somewhat hazy, whereas that of smoking is quite clear. The literature on the ingestion of alcohol strongly suggests that drinking during pregnancy is associated with teratogenic effect and low birth weight. Therefore, the adverse effect of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy must be informed to public. More remarkable warning sign about alcohol ingestion must be attached on the top of bottles. This can be an effective measure for public education. Also legal sanction or tax imposition for the production of liquor be required. First of all, drinking habit or drinking culture must be changed. In fact, the strongest motivation of drinking in adolescent is a peer pressure which is related to drinking habit or culture. Secondly, early detection and treatment must be required to prevent from fetal alcohol syndrome. Accordingly, drinking history of pregnant women must be assessed as early as possible and health professional should give a warning about the abstinence of alcohol to drinking women. Thirdly, to minimize the adverse effects for mother, withdrawal syndrome by alcohol ingestion must be treated. to correct the malformation by fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) can be corrected. Sometimes surgical intervention may be required for this purpose.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to derive implication on the adoption of PROMs (Patient-Reported Outcome Measures) to improve quality of care in South Korea. With this purpose, the paper examines the status of PROMs in South Korea and other countries including OECD's PaRIS (Patient Reported Indicators Survey) initiative, and reviews policy cases that have adopted PROMs to improve performance of healthcare system. Methods: We conducted literature review on OECD reports on PaRIS, peer-reviewed journals, and information from the websites of relevant institutions such as ICHOM, NQF and OECD. Results: To identify healthcare services of best values and support patient-centered health system, OECD has initiated PaRIS which develops, collects and analyzes patient-reported indicators for cross-countries comparison. PaRIS is implemented on two work streams: 1) collect, validate and standardize PROMs in the areas where patient-reported indicators already exist such as breast cancers, hip and knee replacement, and mental conditions, 2) develop a new international survey on multiple chronic conditions. Countries like England, U.S., Sweden and Netherlands use PROMs for measuring performance of hospitals and performance evaluation at the national level, and provide the financial incentives for reporting PROMs. Conclusions: The use of PROMs can support the current policy agenda that is the patient-centered healthcare system which has been emphasized to reinforce the primary and the community-based care. For the use of PROMs, it is recommended to actively participate in PaRIS initiative by OECD, select appropriate instruments for PROMs, and continue on standardization of them. This will assure patients' involvement in improving health system performance, systemize information generated in the process of adopting PROMs, and develop a system to evaluate performance.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2021

본 연구는 청소년의 우울에 개인 요인, 가족 요인, 학교 요인이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하고 신체화 증상과 우울 간의 장기적 영향력을 탐색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소년패널조사(KCYPS) 중학교 1학년 패널의 4차년도(2013년)와 6차년도(2015년) 2개 연도 자료를 활용하였고 1,668명을 대상으로 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 개인 요인에서는 성별, 신체건강 상태, 자아탄력성은 청소년의 우울에 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 학교 요인 중 학업적응과 교우관계가 청소년의 우울에 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 신체화 증상과 우울은 동시효과와 시간에 따른 자기회귀효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 신체화 증상과 우울에 대한 예방 및 개입 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 향후 청소년의 우울에 영향을 미치는 부모의 정신건강 변수 등을 포함한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2020

Although process-based models have been a preferred approach for modeling freshwater aquatic systems over extended time intervals, the increasing utility of data-driven models in a big data environment has made the data-driven models increasingly popular in recent decades. In this study, international peer-reviewed journals for the relevant fields were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, and an extensive literature review, which included total 2,984 articles published during the last two decades (2000-2020), was performed. The review results indicated that the rate of increase in the number of published studies using data-driven models exceeded those using process-based models since 2010. The increase in the use of data-driven models was partly attributable to the increasing availability of data from new data sources, e.g., remotely sensed hyperspectral or multispectral data. Consistently throughout the past two decades, South Korea has been one of the top ten countries in which the greatest number of studies using the data-driven models were published. Among the major data-driven approaches, i.e., artificial neural network, decision tree, and Bayesian model, were illustrated with case studies. Based on the review, this study aimed to inform the current state of knowledge regarding the biogeochemical water quality and ecological models using data-driven approaches, and provide the remaining challenges and future prospects.

• 아동학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.63-81
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to relate social behaviors and child-rearing practices to the popularity of preschool children in Korea. Specifically, four major questions were raised and studied First, the relationship between a child's popularity and his/her social behaviors was examined. Second, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. Third, the relationship between a child's popularity and maternal childrearing practices was investigated. Fourth, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. The subjects of this study were 113 middle class preschool aged children and their mothers. Sociometric choices and peer-perceived social behaviors were obtained from these children using Moore's (1973) Sociometric Status Test. Mothers of these children described their childrearing practices in a Q-sort format of Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) developed by Block (1965). The analyses of the data using Kendall's Tau Correlation Coefficient bore the following results: 1. Patterns of social behaviors shown by either popular or unpopular children were distinct; Popular children were friendly and conformative, while unpopular children were aggressive, non-conformative and independent. 2. Patterns of social behaviors in relation to the popularity and the unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; Popular boys tended to be active while popular girls were likely to be unaggressive, independent and not-teasing. Unpopular boys showed a great amount of discipline their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their 3. Certain patterns of maternal child-rearing practices tended to be related to the popularity status of the child; The mothers of popular children as compared to those of unpopular children enjoyed their roles as mothers and didn't use non-punitive punishment. 4. Patterns of maternal child-rearing practices in relation to the child's popularity and unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; The mothers of popular boys unlike those of popular girls tended to emphasize on their sons' achievement and perceived that their husbands were greatly involved with their sons. The mothers of unpopular boys appeared to show negative affection toward their sons. The mothers of unpopular girls were likely to displine their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their roles as mothers and did not believe that their daughters would behave as they should.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.35-48
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• 2005

The age of the very first smoking is a significant indicator of life-long health status. Smoking prevention intervention was actively conducted based in middle and high schools with the support of the Korean Act for Health Promotion since 1998. These governmental supports became large and various smoking prevention programs were developed and conducted in diverse standards and perspectives. This study made a comprehensive descriptive literature review on smoking prevention educational programs for youth in Korea to identify the intervention quality and effectiveness of them for future smoking prevention program development. A total of 28 peer-reviewed journal articles published between May, 1995 and May 2005 (for the last 10 years) were finally included in this review process. The study participants should be adolescences in middle or high schools in Korea and the intervention types of the review studies should be smoking prevention or cessation educational programs. The outcomes of the reviewed studies were reanalyzed by the participants' characteristics, theory basement, evaluation design, intervention period, evaluation outcomes, and program effectiveness Most smoking intervention programs were not specified by sex and smoking status. Largely most intervention programs focused on male students although female students' smoking percent is increasing including both smokers and nonsmokers. Based on the school grades, the large percents of smoking intervention were conducted to the first grade of middle school and the first grade of high school. Almost 70% of the reviewed studies did not apply any health behavior change theories and the Transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory were utilized in 7 studies among the last reviewed 30%. The theory-based intervention studies had greater effectiveness than the non-theory based studies. More than 90% had quasi-experimental evaluation design and the effectiveness of the non-experimental designed study seemed over estimated than the quasi-experimental or experimental designed studies. More than 60% of the reviewed studies made their education for less than j days, over a short period and the evaluation factors were knowledge and attitude in general which can be obtained in short intervention period. Therefore, smoking intervention programs for youth in Korea need to be modified in terms of research design such as the intervention period, intervention-evaluation design, theory-based approach, and population-focused intervention specification.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2009

목 적 : 청소년기는 신체적, 정신적, 사회적으로 성장하는 시기로써, 이 시기의 흡연과 음주는 신체손상 및 모든 약물남용의 관문이 될 수 있다. 서울지역 청소년들의 흡연 및 음주 행태를 조사하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2007년 7월부터 4개월 동안 학교건강검진을 위해 소아청소년과를 방문한 중고생을 대상으로 흡연 및 음주 행태에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 총 2,546명(흡연관련 답변자 1,512명, 음주관련 답변자 1,034명)의 청소년이 설문조사에 응답하였다. 흡연율과 음주율은 각각 29.2%, 48.2%였으며, 최초 흡연 및 음주 시기는 각각 13.8세와 14.1세였다. 처음 담배나 술을 권한 사람으로는 친구가 가장 많았으나 음주의 경우 부모가 30.1%를 차지했다. 또한 흡연율과 음주율은 가정생활 및 학교생활 만족도가 낮을수록, 가정형편이 어려울수록, 학교성적이 나쁠수록 높게 나타났다(P<0.001). 정상가정보다는 결손가정에서 흡연율이 높게 나타났고 교우관계 만족도와는 흡연율과 음주율 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 청소년의 흡연과 음주의 빈도 및 그 양은 성인 조사 결과와 비슷하였으며, 청소년의 흡연과 음주를 막기 위한 사회적 제재는 아직 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 청소년의 흡연과 음주는 가정환경이나 학교생활 등에 영향을 크게 받으며, 청소년의 흡연 및 음주를 예방하기 위한 법제 마련 및 부모를 포함하는 더욱 적극적인 사회적 제제가 필요하다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.236-248
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• 1998

This survey study was attempted for two purposes : 1) to grasp Korea National Open University(KNOU) students' changing aspects for their education need through comparison analyses with 1996 data ; 2) to establish foundation of the systematic network formation by investgating students' opinion about network framework. Among randomly assigned 4,500 students, 1,505 KNOU nursing students who allowed to participate in the study completed the questionnaires. The data were collected by mail. For the comparison 1996 data were also used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test. Results of this study were as follows 1. The admission purposes of the KNOU nursing students were 'in order to get a bachelor's degree (70.7%)', 'to do studying and working simultaneously(43.0%)', or 'to be admitted for the graduate school (41%)' etc. Comparing the admission purposes by age, the investigator found 4 items which are 'small amount of tuition', 'graduate school admission', 'aspiration for the university', 'promotion or commencement of work' showed statistically significant differences. These 4 items were also found to show significant differences by marital status. 2. In relation to the learning media, the study showed most students(74%) got effective informations from the school newspaper(36.5%) or peer group(37.7%). The result showed that few students (0.7%) used the computer for communication. The research indicated that KNOU nursing students have tendency to rely on printed materials more than on broadcasting media. This is almost the same result as that of 1996. 3. The results revealed that 12.4% of the respondents had ever experienced unregistration or temporary withdrawal. The most common reason for the unregistration was 'due to family affairs or their job (71.3%)'. There were no change for this aspects with 1996. 4. As for the professors-students network formation. The result revealed that 38.5% students among respondents had heard of the network formation. 78.7% of respondents, however, positively responed that they would willingly participate in the networking if it is made. Especially the students showed much interest in 'the improvement for the understanding of study' and 'strengthening of the relations between professors and students'.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Purpose - The purposes of this editorial review are twofold: firstly, to introduce the four flagship international journals of the Korea Distribution Science Association(KODISA): the Journal of Distribution Science(JDS), the Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business(JIDB), the East Asian Journal of Business Management(EAJBM), and the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business(JAFEB), and secondly, to identify the direction of the KODISA journals and the roles and responsibilities of the editors of the KODISA journals. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve the goals, firstly, this review paper addresses the current progress of the four KODISA journals: JDS, JIDB, EAJBM, and JAFEB. Secondly, this paper defines the aims and missions of the four KODISA journals. JDS publishes the articles of examining past, current, and emerging trends and concerns in the area of distribution science and economics, logistics and SCM, transportation, distribution channel management, distribution innovation and information technology, merchandising and procurement, distribution and marketing, consumer behavior, and manufacturing, wholesaling, and retailing. JDS publishes both quantitative and qualitative research as well as scholarly commentaries, case studies, book reviews and other types of reports relating to all aspects of distribution. JIDB publishes the articles of examining past, current, and emerging trends and concerns in the areas of industry and corporate behavior, industry policy making, industrial distribution and business, e-commerce, and service industry. EAJBM publishes empirical and theoretical research papers as well as scholarly commentaries, case studies, book reviews, and other types of reports relating to all aspects of East Asian business and economy. JAFEB publishes original research analysis and inquiry into the contemporary issues of finance, economics and business management in Asia, including Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Middle East. The mission of JAFEB is to bring together the latest theoretical and empirical finance, economics and business management research in Asian markets. The audiences of the KODISA journals include higher education institutions, scholars, industry researchers and practitioners, scientists, economists, and policy makers throughout the world. The main mission of the KODISA journals is to provide an intellectual platform for international scholars, promote interdisciplinary studies in social sciences and economics, and become leading journals in the social science and economics category in the world. Thirdly, this paper addresses the current status of indexing in major databases of the KODISA journals, namely: Cabell's Directories, EBSCO, SCOPUS (Elsevier), and Social Sciences Citation Index^® (SSCI, Thomson Reuters). Fourthly, this paper identifies the roles and responsibilities of the editors of the KODISA journals as the following: (1) Make sure that the journal be published in a timely manner and in international standards both in print and online versions. (2) Maintain the online homepage of the journal is always accessible to, and (3) Make sure that every article should go through a peer review process that meets international standards. Findings and conclusion - To accomplish the goals and missions of the KODISA journals, the editors of the KODISA journals must work together to publish high scholarly journals that meet international standards of journal publications.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.515-529
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• 2020

2015 개정 교육과정이 도입됨에 따라 신설된 과학탐구실험은 과학적 실천을 통한 과학의 학습과 핵심역량의 함양 등의 측면에서 기대를 받고 있는 과목이다. 특히, 변화하는 평가의 맥락에 기초하여 실천중심의 교과목인 과학탐구실험에서의 다각화된 평가가 운영될 필요가 있으나, 이에 대한 다양한 어려움과 한계가 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 과학탐구실험의 평가 현황을 살피고, 이로부터 평가의 운영과 지원 방안을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 25명의 현직 과학교사로부터 과학탐구실험 수업에서 사용되었던 평가 도구와 이에 대한 설명 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 평가 도구의 분석은 평가 요소, 평가 기준, 평가 방법의 측면에서 이루어졌고, 평가 결과가 어떻게 활용되는지도 살펴보았다. 결과에 대한 타당성 확보를 위해 과학교육 전문가와 교사들로부터 점검을 받았고, 추가적으로 분석 결과에 대한 의견도 청취하여 연구에 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 탐구 기능요소 중 특정 요소만을 중점적으로 평가하고 있었고, 일부 기능 요소는 특정한 주제 및 맥락과 연계하여 평가되었으나 활용 빈도는 낮았다. 또한, 인지적 영역과 정의적 영역에 대한 평가도 이루어지기는 했으나, 각 영역을 평가하는 데 있어서 한계점도 관찰할 수 있었다. 평가 기준의 측면에서 평가 목표는 대체적으로 제시되어 있으나, 평가 목표에 대한 세부 평가 요소의 구분 및 각 요소별 행동 특성을 단계적으로 진술하는 등의 구체적 기준 수립이 이루어진 사례는 상대적으로 적었다. 평가 방법에서 평가의 시점과 주체는 각각 '수업 후 평가'와 '교사 평가'가 주로 사용되었고, 다른 방법은 특정 내용, 특정 상황으로 한정되어 활용되었다. 평가 결과는 모든 사례에서 성적 산출을 위해서 활용되었고, 일부만이 수업 개선과 학생 피드백을 위한 목적으로 활용하고 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 과학탐구실험에서의 학생 평가를 지원하기 위한 방안에 대해 논의하였다.