• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-66
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• 2008

This study has been carried out with the aims of developing a comprehensive inventory of peer relation problems, which is based on the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C). It also aims to examine reliability and validity of the inventory, and provide a preliminary norms. For the current study, inventory items were culled from the following sources: the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C), various current scales dealing with peer relations of children, and a survey of children's peer relation problems. The preliminary items for each scale were administered to 220 fourth through sixth graders. The resulting skewness of distribution, kurtosis, mean and standard deviation, item-total correlation, internal consistency, and meanings of the items were comprehensively considered in selecting the final 64 items. In order to check on reliability, internal consistency, convergence and discrimination reliability of the final items and scales, the data were collected from 1,046 fourth through sixth graders currently attending four elementary schools. The study results can be summarized as follows. Internal consistency of the inventory of peer relation problems showed the range between .70-.94 (median value of .75), split-half reliability between .67-.83 (median value of .75), and test-retest reliability between .69-.88 (median value of .81). Inter-correlation of 8 scale scores and factor analysis results of individual ipsative scores showed that the circumplex property of inventory of peer relation problems is appropriate. Regarding correlations between various existing indices and scales related to peer relation problems, both convergence reliability and discrimination reliability were found to be fair. When the scale scores for the inventory of peer relation problems compared according to the factors of gender and grade, the primary effects of gender and grade were statistically meaningful whereas effects of interaction between gender and grade were not. This study can be considered meaningful in that it constructed an inventory for a comprehensive evaluation of peer relation problems specific for children and provided preliminary norms.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2008

This study was to find out the effect of child-parent and child-peer attachment levels on the quality of the child's friendship. Participants were 355 fifth and sixth graders of three elementary schools in Jeolabukdo. The questionnaire used for this study were Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Quality of Friendship Scale. The t-test and the regression-analysis were used for this study. According to the result, when the father attachment was higher and safer, the child's friendship was functioning more positively. However, there wasn't any meaningful relationship between the security of mother attachment and the quality of the child's friendship. When peer attachment level was higher and safer, the quality of the child's friendship was significantly higher. On the other hand, there was meaningful relationship between the security of parent attachment and peer attachment. On relationships among parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship, effects of secure father attachment and secure peer attachment were functioning meaningfully on the quality of the child's friendship. Secure peer attachment was the most effective factor functioning positively on the quality of the child's friendship among those three factors, child-parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate if self-esteem mediates the effects of conflict with parents, peer relationship and school adaptation in relation to the satisfaction with life of adolescents in multicultural families. The subjects of the present study are 152 adolescents of multicultural families ranging from 12-16 years of age from the cities of Seoul, and Daegu, and the provinces of Gyeong-gi, and Gyeong-buk, South Korea. The measured constructs are Conflict with Parents, Friendship, School Adaption, Self- Esteem and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The dates were analyzed using path analysis. The major results of this study demonstrate that self-esteem does not mediate the effects of conflict with parents and peer relationship in relation to the satisfaction with life of adolescents in multicultural families. However, self-esteem does mediate the effects of school adaptation in relation to the satisfaction with life of adolescents in multicultural families.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

본 연구는 또래 괴롭힘 피해와 학교적응의 관계에서 자아 및 또래 지각의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 5, 6학년 남녀 아동 521명이다. 또래 지명법을 사용하여 또래 괴롭힘의 피해가 측정되었고 자기 보고법을 사용하여 자아 및 또래 지각과 학교 회피가 측정되었다. 연구결과를 보면, 자아 및 또래 지각은 또래 괴롭힘 피해와 학교적응의 관계에서 완전 매개 효과가 있었으며, 반면에 또래 괴롭힘 피해는 학업 성취에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of negative emotionality on the association between mother-child intimacy and peer acceptance based on differential susceptibility model. According to differential susceptibility model, negative emotionality and difficult temperament is potential differential susceptibility factors. The participants were 3-year-old children recruited from preschools and daycare centers. Teachers completed measurement of negative emotionality. Peer acceptance was measured by peer nomination. Mother-child intimacy was reported by mothers. The results presented that negative emotionality significantly moderated the relation between mother-child intimacy and peer acceptance only for boys. For boys with high level of negative emotionality, mother-child intimacy significantly predicted peer acception. However, for boys with low level of negative emotionality, mother-child intimacy did not associate with peer acception. For girls, negative emotionality did not significantly influence the association between mother-child intimacy and peer acceptance. These findings support differential susceptibility hypothesis that vulnerable children are susceptible to positive parenting effects.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the influences of parental attitude, parenting attitudes, family function and peer attachment on the self-efficacy of middle school students in multicultural families. In particular, peer attachment was used as a mediator to determine the effects of self-efficacy. 302 multicultural family adolescents who enrolled in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do middle schools were surveyed. In order to measure the variables, this study used such scales as parenting attitude scale, family function scale, peer attachment scale and self efficacy scale. The results were analyzed by the PASW 18.0 program. The findings of the study led to the following conclusions; First, it has shown that peer attachment was the only variable that had significant differences by sex in middle school students of multicultural families. Second, the most influential variables of self-efficacy of middle school students in multicultural families was peer attachment among parenting attitude, family function and peer attachment. Third, there was a mediating effect of peer attachment among parenting attitude, family function and self-efficacy for adolescents of multicultural families. The notable distinction of this study was to find that peer attachment variable is the most important factor of self-efficacy. Considering the results in this study, aggressive intervention is necessary in order to improve the self-efficacy of middle school students in multicultural families.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2010

본 연구는 또래 칭찬활동 프로그램이 초등학생의 교우관계와 학급응집성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 서울특별시에 소재한 J초등학교 5학년 2개 학급을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어 실험집단에 프로그램을 처치하고 사후검사와 추후검사를 실시하여 프로그램의 효과를 검증하였다. 프로그램의 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 예비 실시를 통해 미비점과 문제점을 보완하였다. 연구 결과 또래 칭찬활동프로그램을 처치한 실험집단은 교우관계와 학급응집성에서 모두 유의미한 효과가 나타났으며, 아동 소감과 연구자의 관찰에서도 이 프로그램을 통해 아동의 교우관계가 개선되고, 학급응집성이 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 통제집단에서도 학기 초 아동의 학급생활 적응으로 인해 교우관계의 일부 하위변인에서 유의미한 효과가 나타났으며, 추후검사에서 실험집단 아동의 교우관계 하위변인 중 일부에서 효과가 감소한 것이 드러나기도 하였다. 학급응집성은 사후검사보다 추후검사에서 더욱 유의미하게 증가한 점으로 보아 본 연구에서 실시한 또래 칭찬활동 프로그램은 학급응집성의 증가와 유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 교우관계를 지속적으로 높이기 위한 프로그램의 내용 수정이나 추후지도에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of peer tutoring and feedback on academic learning in university mathematics. We compared subject satisfaction and academic achievement between the test group and the control group. We classified the test group(82 participants) and the control group(134 non-participants) and then applied peer tutoring and feedback to the test group. The rest of the environment was the same except for participation in the program. According to results, it was confirmed that the subject satisfaction were significantly higher(significance level .05) in the test group, where the subject satisfaction were learning objectives and expectation, learning satisfaction, and learning effect. Furthermore, in the change of academic achievement, the rate of decrease was lower and the rate of increase was higher in the test group than the control group. The satisfaction of participants was 4.33(Likert scale 5), and this trend tended to be same regardless of gender, high school course, or admission process.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.393-409
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• 2005

This study examined effects of self-perceived obesity, peer victimization, stress, and maternal child rearing behaviors on self-esteem in an obese group(OG) and a normal weight group(NWG) of elementary school children. Subjects were 1,501 elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grades in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Andong and their mothers. Major findings were that maternal child rearing behaviors and stress related to parents and home environments influenced children's self esteem only in the NWG; school-related stress was an influential variable on children's self esteem in both the NWG and OG. Peer victimization influenced children's self-esteem in both NWG and OG. Self-perceived obesity influenced some domains of children's self-esteem, especially in girls.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.103-127
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• 1999

The effects of environmental factors on adolescent’s socialization were examined according to the gender. Data were drawn from 1,412 adolescents. A hypothesized model was tested for male and female students separately by the links among housing, family conflicts, parent-adolescent relationship, family stress, peer relations, mass media, school atmosphere, consumption, consumer socialization, and adolescent’s socialization. There was no difference between male and female students in the predictability of the effects of environmental factors on internal and external socialization. For male students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, consumer socialization, peer relations, family stress, mother-adolescent relations, and school atmosphere. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, school atmosphere, consumer socialization, father-adolescent relations, housing, and mother-adolescent relations. For female students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, peer relations, father-adolescent relations, and consumer socialization. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, followed by consumer socialization, mother-adolescent relations, school atmosphere, housing, and peer relations. The findings are consistent with a growing body of literature showing that the environmental factors are related to male & female adolescent’s socialization.