• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2019

본 연구는 중고령임금근로자의 직무만족과 임금수준사이의 관계를 종단자료와 종단분석방법을 통하여 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 한국고용정보원의 고령화패널 중 2006년부터 2016년까지 6차에 걸쳐 패널자료를 사용하였고, 잠재성장모형을 사용하였다. 또한 성별과 연령을 조절변수로 사용하였다. 연구결과, 임금수준은 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 직무만족도 임금수준에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있어, 임금수준과 직무만족의 상호 영향관계가 확인되었다. 성별과 연령의 영향은 유의미하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중고령임금근로자에 대한 직무만족과 임금수준 간 상호영향관계를 규명하였고, 연구의 한계와 추후연구에 대해 제언하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.381-408
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• 2012

The subjects of the research were 275 aged care nurses working in Gyeonggi regions. The analysis result showed: job satisfaction in overall situation was 2.87 on a 5 point scale, indicating the level of job satisfaction was lower than average: the quality of life was 2.97, as with job satisfaction, also low. On the other hand, the research outcomes to discern if it affects the lower level of the quality of life, it was found that variables affecting psychological health include job, pay, co-workers, organization, changing an occupation/job; Social environment include job, pay, and promotion (reward), The maintenance of social relations, pay, promotion(reward) and co-workers, changing an occupation/job; variables affecting physical health include job, pay, promotion(reward), changing an occupation/job; The research outcomes confirm that the job satisfaction of aged visit care workers is an important factor affecting their quality of life.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

In this study, we estimate the greenhouse farmers' willingness to pay of agricultural water supply through pipeline. First, in the questionnaire design, orthogonal design and block design were used to enhance the ease of survey. Second, the theoretical model was constructed through the setting of the probability utility function, and the parameters were estimated by using the conditional logit model. Third, all of the estimation coefficients were statistically significant at the 1% significance level. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, the probability of selection is increased when maintenance is carried out by Korea Rural Community Corporation or local government. Second, the probability of selection is increased when agricultural water supply through pipeline is higher than the current level. Third, if the Korea Rural Community Corporation carries out maintenance management, the marginal willingness to pay is 44 won per ton. And if the local government carries out maintenance management, the marginal willingness to pay is 25 won per ton. Fourth, according to the quality level of agricultural water supply, the marginal willingness to pay is 101 won, 114 won and 120 won per ton, respectively. This study can be used as a basic data on the cost setting for agricultural water supply through pipeline.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.339-358
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• 2011

본 연구는 코스닥 등록 벤처기업들이 일반 기업들과 비교하여 임원들의 보상수준에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 실증분석 하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 코스닥 등록 벤처기업이 일반기업에 비해 임원들의 1인당 보상수준이 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 검증하고, 회계성과 및 주식성과에 대한 상대적 보상민감도가 일반기업에 비해 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 규명해 보고자 한다. 코스닥 시장에 등록되어 있는 제조기업 중 벤처기업과 일반 기업을 대상으로 표본을 추출하였고, 다중회귀분석을 통해 임원들의 1인당 평균보상이 코스닥 등록 벤처기업과 일반기업 사이에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 실증검증한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 코스닥 등록 벤처기업과 일반기업 사이에 임원 1인당 평균 보상 수준에 차이가 있는지를 분석한 결과, 일반기업에 비해 벤처기업 임원들의 1인당 보상수준이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 벤처기업의 경우 일반기업에 비해 회계성과-보상 민감도 보다 주식성과-보상 민감도가 더욱 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과는 벤처기업의 경우 현금보상 보다는 스톡옵션과 같은 주식보상을 이용하여 임원들에게 보상을 많이 지급함으로써 총 보상 수준이 일반기업에 비해 높고, 단기적인 회계이익과 같은 성과보다는 주식성과와 같은 장기적인 시장성과에 보다 비중을 두어 임원들의 보상과 연계시킴으로써, 벤처기업가가 기업의 장기적인 성장을 위해 보다 많은 노력을 투입할 수 있도록 동기부여 시킨다는 것을 의미하는 결과라 할 수 있다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.609-618
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze the factors increased use of environmentalfriendly agricultural product in school food service. For this, I surveyed the perceptions on environmental-friendly agricultural product and willingness-to-pay for increasing use to 500 parents of elementary, middle and high school. As a result, the perception of environment and safety is the highest, but health and consumption is the lowest. The average of willingness-to-pay is about 12,136 Won per month. But 14.2 percent of the total respondents said that they did not have a willingness-to-pay, and 62.6 percent said that they would pay an additional 10,000 won or less. The factors affecting the willingness-to-pay were gender, income, health and consumption factors. Despite the low level of parents' perception of the health and consumption factors for environmental-friendly agricultural products, health and consumption factors affect statistically significant on the willingness-to-pay compared to others. Most of the promotion and education of environmental-friendly agricultural products has focused on safety, but this study suggests that education on the health and correct consumption of environmental-friendly agricultural products is important.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2017

This study analyze the willingness to pay for customized agricultural products to diabetes. For this purpose, a survey was carried out for patients with diabetes 212 patients. The main results are as follows. First, the survey found that the interest in health and food was found to be very high in 93.9 % and 85.9 % respectively. This means that there is sufficient market potential if customized food and diets for diabetes are developed. Second, the Logit analysis showed that influential factor for the willingness to pay for a customized diet. The higher the risk, the better the health outcomes, the higher the likelihood that the higher the level of income, the more likely it is to purchase a product for a diabetic food package. Third, the average amount of willingness to pay for the customized food for diabetes patients was 7,823.5 won and the truncated average value was 6,953.3 won.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1999

The study was attempted to survey the pay and job satisfaction of clinical nurses in some hospitals. The period was Jan 6th through Jan 27th. 1997 and the subjects were 277 nurses working in 5 hospitals in Pusan city. This study was based on questionnaires which focused on the pay and job satis faction of the nurses. The following instruments were used for collecting the data: PSQ. JDI and MSQ on the scale of 1 being lowest to 5 being highest satisfaction. The analysis of collected data was executed by using SPSS/PC+. The results were as follows: 1. The main age level was 26-30 and the portion was 44.4%. The Mean of the monyhly pay was 930 ${\pm}$130 thousand won. 2. The average point of pay satisfaction was 2.17${\pm}$.61. 3. The average point of job satisfaction was 2.87 ${\pm}$.66. 4. The factors which affect the pay satisfaction were 'the size of hospital'. 'the joining of labor unions' and 'the amount of pay' . 5. The factors which affect the job satisfaction were 'the size of hospital'. 'the job rank' and 'the amount of In conclusion, nurses are not satisfied with their job and pay levels because of the size of the hospital and the amount of pay, In order to solve the problem of turnover. medium-sized hospitals need to standardize and modify the levels of pay, the structure and the system according to standards well established by large-sized hospitals.

• 농촌계획
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of rural waste disposal facilities that are one of the rural environmental improvement projects using contingent valuation method(CVM) in Gyongsangbuk-do, Korea. This study surveyed 1,089 households about the WTP(Willing To Pay) of rural waste disposal facilities policy in Gyongsangbuk-do and it was composed with city level and town level. The overall results show that the respondents well accepted the contingent market and would be willing to pay(WTP) a significant amount for the proposed policy program of rural waste disposal facilities. The values estimated for the rural waste disposal facilities are as follows : 1. The maximum WTP was \10,466 in City level and it was \9,104 in town level by per year. 2. The mean WTP was \9,257 in City revel and it was \8,636 in town lever by per year. 3. Total economic benefits for the household amounted to \7,989,046,270 per year. This result can be used to useful base data fir the policy programs of rural waste disposal facilities.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2017

The two competing underlying mechanisms of anchoring, anchoring-and-adjustment and selective accessibility, have very different managerial implications for the effect of price as an anchor on willingness-to-pay (WTP). To clarify their relative roles in inducing the anchoring effect, path analysis modeling in which two paths are included in a single model was utilized. The first path proceeds directly from anchor price to WTP, representing anchor-and-adjustment. The second path, representing selective accessibility, includes a mediator formed by various explanatory variables of WTP. The results consistently show that only the direct path, anchoring-and-adjustment, is significant. The results also show that the level of available product information has no significant moderation effect on both of the paths, which implies the robustness of the result with respect to information level.