• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권39호
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• pp.47-61
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• 1996

We propose a parallel neural network model in which patterns are clustered and patterns in a cluster are studied in a parallel neural network. The learning algorithm used in this paper is based on LVQ algorithm of Kohonen(1990) for clustering and ADALINE(Adaptive Linear Neuron) network of Widrow and Hoff(1990) for parallel learning. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts. First, N patterns to be learned are categorized into C clusters by LVQ clustering algorithm. Second, C patterns that was selected from each cluster of C are learned as input pattern of ADALINE(Adaptive Linear Neuron). Data used in this paper consists of 250 patterns of ASCII characters normalized into $8\times16$ and 1124. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts. First, N patterns to be learned are categorized into C clusters by LVQ clustering algorithm. Second, C patterns that was selected from each cluster of C are learned as input pattern of ADALINE(Adaptive Linear Neuron). Data used in this paper consists 250 patterns of ASCII characters normalized into $8\times16$ and 1124 samples acquired from signals generated from 9 car models that passed Inductive Loop Detector(ILD) at 10 points. In ASCII character experiment, 191(179) out of 250 patterns are recognized with 3%(5%) noise and with 1124 car model data. 807 car models were recognized showing 71.8% recognition ratio. This result is 10.2% improvement over backpropagation algorithm.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

Micro-LEDs can be applied to various parts of a product. However, it has disadvantages compared to general LEDs in large displays such as low efficiency, intensity, and contrast ratio, among others, owing to their short history of study. The simulations were carried out using ray-tracing software to investigate the change in light intensity and light distribution according to pattern shapes on the sapphire substrate of the flip-chip micro-LED (FC μ-LED) array. Three patterns-concave square patterns, convex square patterns, and Ag coated convex patterns-which existed on the opposite side of FC μ-LEDs (115 ㎛ × 115 ㎛) array, were applied. The intensity of FC μ-LEDs on the center of the receivers depends on the pattern depth with shape. The concave square patterns having FC μ-LEDs arrays show that decreasing intensity as the patterns depth. On the contrary, the convex square patterns having FC μ-LEDs arrays shows that increasing intensity as the patterns depth. In addition, the highest intensity shows that FC μ-LEDs having Ag-coated convex patterns on the opposite side of sapphire lead to a reduction in light crosstalk owing to the Ag film.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference of image for modern application of Korean traditional patterns. A survey was conducted using the random selection among female undergraduate students in Daegu city. The degree of interest and preference in Korean traditional style or something like that measured by 5 scale method. And then they were classified into two groups which were interest/non-interest group, and preference/non-preference group. The image of Korean traditional patterns consisted of semantic differential scales. Frequency, percentage and mean were analyzed, for difference of groups t-test was analyzed. The results were as fellows; 1. For the degree of interest for Korean traditional patterns, it was showed that 53.8% of total respondents took interest and about 40.4% of them had preference for traditional patterns. the correlation coefficient of the degree of interest and preference was 0.782(p<0.01) and showed that the positive correlation was high. 2. Among 20 kinds of Korean traditional patterns, the degree of preference for the patterns of plants and nature was quite high whereas that for the patterns of geometrical things was low relatively. 3. It was evaluated that pattern of nature was fresh, refined and womanly image generally. It was evaluated that pattern of plants was womanly, fresh, weak, light and soft image and that of animals was heavy, splendid, high-class, manly, strong and positive image. It was evaluated that pattern of geometrical things was the most refined image and high-class, rigid and strong. 4. The statistical significance of mean between interest/non-interest group was showed statistically in the patterns of clouds, mountains, lotus, apricot, orchid, dragon, phoenix and bogey. In case of pattern of orchids, the degree of preference was most different between interest/non-interest group. 5. The pattern of plants showed the most different evaluation for images between interest/non-interest group. For refined/old-fashioned polar adjective images, the interest group evaluated the pattern of plants more refined. 6. For pattern of orchids, the difference of degree of preference between preference/non-preference group was most remarkable in Korean traditional patterns. 7. The pattern of geometrical things showed the most different evaluation for images between preference/non-preference group. For warm/cool polar adjective images, the preference group evaluated the pattern of geometrical things cooler.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2008

기계적 명령어인 정경 (Threading)과, 트레들링(Treadlings)을 토대로 디자인해야 하는 직조 디자인은 표현의 한계성이 강한 것이 특징이다. 때문에 연구되어진 많은 한국 전통문양 자료들 중에서도 특히 떡살에 의해 한계 지어지는 떡살문양의 표현이 서로의 접목을 용이하게 하여 떡살문양을 선택하여 디자인의 컨셉을 잡았다. 특히, 문자문양과 기하학문양은 문양의 일반적 특징인 아름다움의 추구보다는 자연에 대한 인간의 두려움과 경이로움을 토대로 하여 생겨난 종교적 갈망과 기원을 담고 있어 이러한 이미지들을 토대로 트윌(Twill)기법, 특히 그 안에서도 형태적 표현이 용이한 샐리낼슨(Sally Nielsen)의 로즈펫(Rosepath)의 정경을 중심으로 활용하여 한국적 문양을 직조구조로 디자인하였다. 이 연구를 통해 세계의 위버(weaver)들에게 우리의 문양을 소개하는 계기가 되고 우리나라 산업에서는 이러한 직물디자인이 산업체에서 활발하게 활용되어 고부가가치의 자산을 획득하고 우리의 우수한 문화를 상품화 하고 문화산업을 발전시키는데 도움이 되기를 희망한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic element of patterns, which is the motif, from the existing art works and use it to create and simulate a variety of patterns to show the practical use of the computer. Natural dyed works of geometric shapes like squares and 1/4 of circles, each dyed with a different natural dyes, were produced and motifs were extracted. Then using the 4D box in Adobe Photoshop v.6.0, the developing pattern change and simulation effects when using different patterns and different repetition settings were examined. Observations were made as the motifs were replicated. Different patterns like a diagonal line, a square and a circle appeared. In order to find out the effects according to the changes, the motifs from work's square portions, circle centre, and the composition of eight motifs were extracted and used. The repeated patterns according to the extracted motifs simply showed that in the case of just repeating and arranging, square patterns appeared. By replicating and arranging, the motif and the allophone were matched and patterns with regular lines were formed, like a twill, pointed twill line. By setting the direction to Y and X in the repetition methodes, a typical half-drop arrangement or a brick pattern arrangement were formed according to 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 1/3, or 2/3 in changes. Also the steepness of the slope changes quickly or in turn slowly as the rhombus shape appears. However in the case of a composed motif, an ogee pattern appeared. Lastly, by 3-D mapping patterns like a slant line, pointed twill patterns, diamond patterns, and the repeat patterns of a motif with a circle and a line combined, and a circle motif, an optical illusion could be observed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

To complete the appropriate pattern language as a planning tool for suburban houses in Korea, this study reviews the characteristics in applying the pattern language to suburban houses in Korea by creating the pattern application examination chart regarding 110 patterns in architecture and evaluating and analyzing 24 examples in terms of the applicability of the patterns, the results of which are as set forth below. Firstly, when grouping the upper 31 patterns by similar characteristics, it was distinguished by the characteristics relating to (i) securing of lighting and viewing; (ii) placing of buildings and space and adjustment of inside and outside privacy through such placing; (iii) placing of proper motion line and functions of adjacent space according to such motion line; and (iv) determining of important space such as personal room, area for couple or children, staircase, entrance, hallway, etc. Secondly, when analyzing the reasons that the lower 41 patterns have not been applied, it was characterized by (i) the work space not suitable for suburban houses or the patterns suitable for commercial space; (ii) the patterns not suitable in Korea due to cultural differences; and (iii) the patterns whose applicability cannot be confirmed due to the limitation of examples and materials used in this study. Thirdly, the analysis of each pattern group (A through M) revealed that the pattern groups D and G are rarely related to suburban houses and J and M are patterns whose applicability cannot be determined in this study. Another characteristics is that the pattern groups B, E, F, I and L which obtain high scores in applicability are importantly reflected in planning for suburban houses in Korea. Fourthly, this study renders the average score of applicability, and the applicability rate, of the examples and confirms the number of the patterns applied in confirmity, patterns partially or potentially applied and patterns not applied at all.

• 복식
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop geometric patterns which can be reinterpreted in a modern sense and textile designs which can be commercialized in the mural painting of Goguryeo Dynasty's tomb. Of 42 tombs where genres and portraits could be observed, the costume style of Goguryeo dynasty could be mainly observed in the tombs built in the 4th and 5th centuries. Since geometric patterns found in the portrait could be represented in a modern sense, this study was intended to develop the patterns of a necktie which is one of cultural products by applying geometric patterns in the mural painting of Goguryeo Dynasty's tomb in the 5th century with many patterns distributed. The scope of patterns was limited to a square, a triangle, a circle, and a diagonal line which were the basic of geometric patterns found in the mural painting. The methods of study were literature review and empirical study. Adobe Photoshop CS3 was used to edit geometric patterns found in the mural painting of Goguryeo Dynasty's tomb in the 5th century. By extracting a square(${\square}$), a triangle(${\vartriangle}$), a circle(${\bigcirc}$), and a diagonal line(${\diagdown}$) from edited images, predicted images were proposed before products were made. Finally textile designs were made through the simulation of edited design patterns in the necktie and handkerchief. This study will contribute to the positive effects on the development of cultural product designs applying the characteristic of geometric patterns and the construction of Korean image.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

The development of digital media made the change of architectural paradigm from tectonic to the surface and pattern. This means the transition to the new kind of materiality and the resurrection of ornament. This study started as an aim to apply biological pattern to architectural design from the new perception of pattern. Architectural patterns in the early era appeared as ladders, steps, chains, trees, vortices. But since 21st century, we can find patterns in nature like atoms and molecular structures, fluid forms of dynamics and new geometrical pattern like fractal and first of all biological patterns like viruses and micro-organisms, Voronoi cells, DNA structure, rhizomes and various hybrids and permutations of these. Pattern became one of the most important elements and themes of contemporary architecture through the change of materiality and resurrection of ornament with the new perception of surface in architecture. One of the patterns that give new creative availability to the architectural design is biological pattern which is self-organized as an optimum form through interaction with environment. Biological patterns emerge mostly as self-replicating patterns through morphogenesis, certain geometrical patterns(in particular triangles, pentagons, hexagons and spirals). The architectural application methods of biological patterns are direct figural pattern of organism, circle pattern, polygon pattern, energy-material control pattern, differentiation pattern, parametric pattern, growth principle pattern, evolutionary ecologic pattern. These patterns can be utilized as practical architectural patterns through the use of computer programs as morphogenetic programs like L-system, MoSS program and genetic algorithm programs like Grasshoper, Generative Components with the help of computing technology like mapping and scripting.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.618-630
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• 2018

현대 신발디자인은 형태적 변화뿐만이 아니라 문양을 통한 다양한 디자인 전개가 적극적으로 시도되고 있다. 그러나 이런 문양이 일시적인 유행에 그치지 않고 세계적인 경쟁력을 지닌 디자인으로서 지속적인 가치를 갖기 위해서는 우리나라의 고유한 정체성을 반영할 수 있는 문양을 개발해야할 것이며, 이것은 전통문양에 대한 분석이 선행됨으로써 가능해질 것이다. 문양은 집단적 가치의 상징으로, 전통문양은 현재까지 이어져 내려오면서 소속된 사회구성원의 철학적인 사상을 함축적으로 표현하기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전통신발 중 문양이 특징적 디자인 요소로 활용된 삼국시대의 금동신발을 분석했으며, 그 문양의 상징성은 시간과 공간의 초월(超越), 정신과 물질의 조화(調和), 지역과 종교의 융합(融合) 등으로 나타났다. 이것은 우리의 선조들이 자연의 한계를 인간 중심으로 해석, 극복하고, 현실을 넘어 이상을 추구하였으며 다양한 사상을 수용했다는 측면에서 인간중심주의, 이상주의, 포용주의를 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다.