• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Green or an environmental consciousness has been a major issue for businesses and government offices, as well as consumers, worldwide. In response to this movement, the Korean government announced, in the early 2000s, the era of "Green Growth" as a way to encourage green-related business activities. The Korean fashion industry, in various levels of involvement, presents diverse eco-friendly products as a part of the green movement. These apparel products include organic products and recycled clothing. For these companies to be successful, they need information about who are the consumers who consider green issues (e.g., environmental sustainability) as part of their personal values when making a decision for product purchase, use, and disposal. These consumers can be considered as eco-sumers. Previous studies have examined consumers' purchase intention for or with eco-friendly products. In addition, studies have examined influential factors used to identify the eco-sumers or green consumers. However, limited attention was paid to eco-sumers' disposal or recycling behavior of clothes in comparison with their green product purchases. Clothing disposal behaviors are ways that consumer can get rid of unused clothing and in clue temporarily lending the item or permanently eliminating the item by "handing down" (e.g., giving it to a younger sibling), donating, exchanging, selling, or simply throwing it away. Accordingly, examining purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion items in conjunction with clothing disposal behaviors should improve understanding of a consumer's clothing consumption behavior from the environmental perspective. The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide descriptive information about Korean eco-sumers who have ecologically-favorable lifestyles and behaviors when buying and disposing of clothes. The objectives of this study are to (a) categorize Koreans on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors; (b) investigate the differences in demographics, lifestyles, and clothing consumption values among segments; and (c) compare the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion items and influential factors among segments. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. The questionnaire included 10 items of clothing disposal behavior, 22 items of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) characteristics, and 19 items of consumption values, measured by five-point Likert-type scales. In addition, the purchase intention of two eco-friendly fashion items and 11 attributes of each item were measured by seven-point Likert type scales. Two polyester fleece pullovers, made from fabric created from recycled bottles with the PET identification code, were selected from one Korean brand and one US imported brand among outdoor sportswear brands. A brief description of each product with a color picture was provided in the survey. Demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, education level, income, occupation) were also included. The data were collected through a professional web survey agency during May 2009. A total of 600 final usable questionnaires were analyzed. The age of respondents ranged from 20 to 49 years old with a mean age of 34 years. Fifty percent of the respondents were males and about 58% were married, and 62% reported having earned university degrees. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the clothing disposal behavior scale, and three factors were generated (i.e., reselling behavior, donating behavior, non-recycling behavior). To categorize the respondents on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors, k-mean cluster analysis was used, and three segments were obtained. These consumer segments were labeled as 'Resale Group', 'Donation Group', and 'Non-Recycling Group.' The classification results indicated approximately 98 percent of the original cases were correctly classified. With respect to demographic characteristics among the three segments, significant differences were found in gender, marital status, occupation, and age. LOHAS characteristics were reduced into the following five factors: self-satisfaction, family orientation, health concern, environmental concern, and voluntary service. Significant differences were found in the LOHAS factors among the three clusters. Resale Group and Donation Group showed a similar predisposition to LOHAS issues while the Non-Recycling Group presented the lowest mean scores on the LOHAS factors compared to the other segments. The Resale and Donation Groups described themselves as enjoying or being satisfied with their lives and spending spare-time with family. In addition, these two groups cared about health and organic foods, and tried to conserve energy and resources. Principal components factor analysis generated clothing consumption values into the following three factors: personal values, social value, and practical value. The ANOVA test with the factors showed differences primarily between the Resale Group and the other two groups. The Resale Group was more concerned about personal value and social value than the other segments. In contrast, the Non-Recycling Group presented the higher level of social value than did Donation Group. In a comparison of the intention to purchase eco-friendly products, the Resale Group showed the highest mean score on intent to purchase Product A. On the other hand, the Donation Group presented the highest intention to purchase for Product B among segments. In addition, the mean scores indicated that the Korean product (Product B) was more preferable for purchase than the U.S. product (Product A). Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the influence of product attributes on the purchase intention of eco product. With respect to Product A, design, price and contribution to environmental preservation were significant to predict purchase intention for the Resale Group, while price and compatibility with my image factors were significant for the Donation Group. For the Non-Recycling Group, design, price compatibility with the factors of my image, participation to eco campaign, and contribution to environmental preservation were significant. Price appropriateness was significant for each of the three clusters. With respect to Product B, design, price and compatibility with my image factors were important, but different attributes were associated significantly with purchase intention for each of the three groups. The influence of LOHAS characteristics and clothing consumption values on intention to purchase Products A and B were also examined. The LOHAS factor of health concern and the personal value factor were significant in the relationships with the purchase intention; however, the explanatory powers were low in the three segments. Findings showed that each group as classified by clothing disposal behaviors showed differences in the attributes of a product, personal values, and the LOHAS characteristics that influenced their purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Findings would enable organizations to understand eco-friendly behavior and to design appropriate strategic decisions to appeal eco-sumers.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.415-424
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• 2011

Interactive media art can be said to be art in which audience participation and communication through interaction is considered to be most important Previously the role of the audience is to unilately accepted the artist's message, whereas the role of the audience observing interaction media has been changed to the point of the producer, actively participating in completing the artwork through interaction. This study analyzed the interaction and communication between the audience and interactive media artworks from the audience's point of view (in the view of reception theory) by the investigation of the case of the artworks that were on exhibition. Employing the exhibition interpretation medium with docent explanation and wall text was experienced how to improve audience's communication when they watched the artworks. The docent explained the intention of artists and their artworks in the manner of storytelling and induced the audience to focus naturally on the artworks. As the result, the role of the exhibition interpretation medium was found to be significantly high in enhancing the degree of emotional communication with the artworks, so in this study I attempted to present that the role of the docent is an important factor for enhancing the audience participation and emotional communication through interaction with the artworks.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 2007

The study is examined to illustrate Korea's status in service trade, including travel deficit, outbound travel market, and inbound travel market. This research will also illustrate what factors generate the growth of travel deficit and suggest some alternatives to solve it even if government notes a steady increase in exports of cultural products and programs and entertainment services, driven by the Korean Wave sweeping across Asia. The study suggested some possible alternatives such as growth of travel balance, improvement of low image on Korean tourism, aggressive participation of government, strengthened role of Korean Tourism Organization(KTO), and appropriate control on overseas studies to lessen an increase of travel deficit. In addition, the study concluded, even if a tourism industry includes a higher multiplier effect, the spontaneous participation intention by Koreans themselves and the strong supports from local governments should be another major successful factors to settle down the travel deficit.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2020

In recent years, universities are actively developing and applying regular start-up curriculum, comparisons and activities in order to revitalize various forms of business-oriented academic programs. In addition, the government has established various experiential entrepreneurship education programs such as "Student Entrepreneurship Team 300 (U-300)" to support professional entrepreneurship education such as entrepreneurship mentoring for entrepreneurship clubs in universities nationwide. Therefore, this study empirically verified the influence of participation motivation,, mentoring function, and mentor competence on entrepreneurship education satisfaction and entrepreneurship will for participants of experiential entrepreneurship programs centered on entrepreneurship mentoring. The results of the study were as follows: First, the motivation to participate in entrepreneurship education and mentoring capacity had a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of entrepreneurship education. It became. The findings of this study suggest that in order to more effectively promote entrepreneurship education in the university, which is now quantitatively expanded, it is necessary to improve various ways of creating qualitative effects such as expansion of experiential teaching methods and entrepreneurship mentoring. We believe this could provide policy implications for reinforcing the expertise of entrepreneurs who conduct mentoring.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variables such as student participation and activities on university students' university satisfaction and loyalty. And the implications of this study are as follows. First, students' aptitude coincidence has a positive effect on students' activities in university. And also, the attitude of class is positively related to school activities, Second, the participation of college students in school events has a positive effect on friendship, job related behavior, and university satisfaction. The friendship of college students has a positive effect on the loyalty of university satisfaction university. and job related behavior also has positive effects on university satisfaction and university loyalty. Past marketing studies have proved that interactivity among consumers is an important factor for consumers to engage in service. In college, as well, it is found that positive interaction and friendship among students are important influences on school satisfaction. The higher satisfaction of the university, the higher the intention to recommend the school. Therefore, in order to enhance the recommendation of graduates or students, it is important to satisfy the students, and this can be accomplished by management of antecedent variables that this study suggested.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.60
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• pp.28-51
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• 2012

This study explored the influence of media use on the audiences' intention to vote as well as their political cynicism in 2012 General elections. I offered three research questions: Research Question 1: What is the impact of media use on the political cynicism? Research Question 2: What are the impact of political intersest, political knowledge, media malaise, political efficacy on the political cynicism? Research Question 3: What is the impact of political cynicism on vote behavior? This study analysed survey data. Based on the results of hierarchial regression analysis and path analysis(AMOS), Internet news use was found to have a significant impact on the political cynicism. But the use of newspaper, TV news were not related to political cynicism. The political efficacy decreased political cynicism effectively, The findings from this study indicate that the relationship between media use and political cynicism is contingent on many factors and that cynicism has a negligible impact on citizen participation. This study also found that persons higher in efficacy were less cynical than low in efficacy. This suggest that cynicism is not always bad thing, that it may in fact be an indication of "an interested and critical citizenry". In conclusion this study showed that we need more in-depth analyses on the relationships among attention to media use, political cynicism and voting behavior to activate political participation.

• School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 2003

Internet was introduced to this study for making mathematics class the surroundings where students can solve the mathematics problems and communicate mathematically in a free way without restriction of time and place. With the intention of investigating mathematical communication and problem solving in mathematics education using internet, the objects of this study were determined as follows: First, how does a student express mathematical idea in problem solving using internet\ulcorner Second, is there any difference in the degree of participation of mathematical communication according to schoolwork accomplishment and characteristics of the student\ulcorner Third, what's the effect of class using internet on problem solving of mathematics class\ulcorner A case study was executed for the solution and the subjects were all students(44 persons) of a class in the fourth grade of elementary school in D city got into web-site of internet and had class with it and 8 students out of them were deeply analyzed. Their results were shown on internet, and eight of them had interview for deep research after survey with questionnaires for all of the students after class. The results and the conclusions of this study were as follows: First, it showed that there was various types(simple statement, fact enumerating, logical thinking, using letters and formula, insufficiency of explanation) of the mathematical idea expression in internet according to students and study using internet seems to be helpful to the improvement of logical his own expression through other students' expression. Second, it showed that there was difference in mathematical communication participation according to the student's characteristics and it helped students of poor schoolwork be interested and confident in mathematics. Third, it showed that pattern study using internet had effect on forming a habit of reason and verification in problem solving in mathematics class. Accordingly, pattern study using internet seems to have a positive effect on increasing mathematical interests and solving problems in mathematics class.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.30-35
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of aerobic exercise through convergence on exhaled carbon monoxide and cardiorespiratory function of female college students who participated in nonsmoking. The subjects were female college students from University D in Metropolitan City D, and those who started smoking 2 years ago and who do not engage in regular physical activities were first selected, and a total of 18 people who indicated their intention to participate in the experiment were selected to receive a pledge of nonsmoking and consent to the experiment. The selected subjects were classified into 9 people in the exercise group and 9 in the control group by wireless assignment, and individual exercise intensity was set through the maximum exercise load test to establish an accurate exercise program. Individual exercise intensity is set to 50%HRmax for 1-3 weeks, 60%HRmax for 4-6 weeks, 70%HRmax for 7-9 weeks. In order to apply the correct exercise intensity during exercise, a Polar heart rate monitor was used for control and the following results were obtained. First, the change in carbon monoxide decreased by three levels from 21.17±3.67ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) before participation in the exercise group that participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks to 1.36±0.76ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers) after participation, and the control group also showed the same effect from 22.35±2.08ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) to 2.81±0.51ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers). Second, the change in cardiorespiratory function showed a significant increase in all of the maximum oxygen intake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation in the exercise group who participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks, but there was no significant change in the control group. Therefore, aerobic exercise showed the effect of improving the cardiorespiratory function by releasing carbon monoxide and supplying sufficient oxygen to various organs.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-117
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• 2004

Objectives: To propose the basic data for the development of the optimum health promotion program (HPP) for the workers in a petrochemical industry complex. Methods: The subjects were 553 workers who worked at the six plants in a petrochemical industry complex. From February to March 2003, questionnaire survey was conducted by the nurses with occupational health specialty about the life styles, interests, self-cognitions, practices of health behavior, subjective symptoms thought to be related the working environments, burden to the own health, needs and intentions to participation of the HPP. Data analysis was done using SPSS program (ver 10.0) with ${\alpha}=0.05$ of statistical significance. Results: The mean age and tenure of the subjects were 39.7 years and 14.2 years, respectively, and proportion of smokers was around 50%. Two of third (66%) satisfied their own job, and 58% recognized themselves healthy. The most frequent health behavior were exercise (60%) and regular health check (87%) in individual and job based, respectively. About half of them (58%) had at least one of the symptoms thought to be related the working environments, and the most frequent one was odor (21%). These symptoms were more frequent in case of the shorter career. The needs of HPP was relatively higher in exercise (66%), cancer prevention (51%), stress control (47%), and intention to participation was also the highest in exercise (64%). Job satisfaction was higher in case of the higher interests and cognitions to their own health, and thought that the ownership's interest to workers' health be high (p<0.01), but no associations with the subjective symptoms. The mean level of burden to the own health were $14.1{\pm}13.9$ of physical, $11.7{\pm}13.6$ of emotional, $9.1{\pm}10.7$ of behavioral as out of one hundred. They felt the more burden in case of office workers, the lower interests and cognitions to their own health, the lower satisfaction to their job, the frequent drinking group, and complained the subjective symptoms (p<0.05). Abnormal results of the regular health check was higher in the frequent drinking group (p=0.083). Conclusions: For the optimum HPP for the workers in the petrochemical complex, the ownership's interest to workers' health would be enhanced, and the priority would be focused on exercise and drinking habits control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.415-423
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• 2021

Citizen participation and Living Lab are attracting interest as one of the major strategies for the success of smart cities. In a Living Lab, citizens, who are the end-users of technology, participate in the search for alternatives to define and solve problems and repeat experiments to verify alternatives in a circular process. The purpose of this research was to present an operating model of a citizen-participating online community platform to improve urban problems, implement and test it, and show its applicability. To this end, an operation model of a citizen-participating online community platform was proposed to improve urban problems. An online platform was designed and implemented to reflect the functions pursued by the operation model. Finally, a pilot test for the function was performed using the Oma Elementary School case located in Ilsan, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. The operating model was designed with the city's pedestrian environment and children. As a result, the sharing and communicating process of urban issues among community members worked appropriately according to the designed intention. The Living Lab coordinator could visualize and view urban issues posted by users on a map based on location information. Visualizing the urban problem as a heat map confirmed that urban problems were concentrated in a specific area.