• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

First of all, the multi-story Housing applying resident's participation in europe was classified by the menu selection method, the two-step supply method and the cooperative method. And then I analyzed flexible unit plan of cases for deriving the planning methode and the characteristics of flexibility. First, I analyzed the area and form of the unit plan, structure and Installation, fixed and variable elements to derive the planning method. The area of units are distributed from a minimum of $35m^2$ to a maximum of $150m^2$, and many of the unit planes have a narrow front and a deep depth. The structure is a long-span wall-structure or a skeleton structure, and is designed without any columns and bearing walls in the interior space for flexibility in spatial composition. The vertical shafts are located in the center of the unit in a box-form or in the corner at the unit dividing wall for free placement of interior wall. Fixed elements are framework and facility systems. Most of the future residents in the two-steps supply method and the cooperative method were able to freely design the internal space within the zoning concept proposed by the architect and change the location of the facade element within module system proposed by the architect. Second, the characteristics of the flexibility applied to the unit plan were divided in integrated flexibility, functional flexibility, construction flexibility, and supply flexibility. The integrated flexibility enables residents to give the variable space combination based on the complex structure of the inner space for providing various living experiences. Regarding functional flexibility, the three-dimensional spatial structure with neutral space has multi-functionality according to the needs of residents and easily accepts mixing of hybrid programs such as work and residence. Constructive flexibility allows residents to create identity by freely planning interior space and changing the size or location of facade components in a determined system of architects. Finally, various types of size and space composition are proposed and realized in the whole building applying menu selection method, so that flexibility in the offer can accommodate and integrate various types of living.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2002

It has been 2 years since the implementation of the separation of prescription and drug dispensing policy. This study analyzes the effects of the policy on the job contents and personnel structure of hospital pharmacy. The main purposes of the analysis are to determine if the policy has causes the increase of professional activities of pharmacists in hospital and to investigate whether the hospital pharmacy is equipped with enough manpower to provide high quality pharmaceutical service as intended by the policy. The level of professionality of pharmacists' activities is measured by the number of activities of direct involvement in inpatient care such as participation in patient rounding, medication consultation, the number of hospital committee the pharmacists involved and the number of continuous education pharmacists took. The adequacy of personnel structure to provide high quality pharmaceutical care is measured by the level of compliance to the governmental standard of hospital pharmacy personnel. In order to collect the data, surveys were performed for two periods: year 1999 (before the implementation of the policy) and year 2001 (after the implementation of the policy). The results show that the pharmacists' participation in inpatient rounding decreased and that the inpatient medication history management activities, operation of ward pharmacy, participation in hospital committee increased. In personnel structure, the average number of pharmacist per hospital decreased and the number of prescription processing per pharmacist increased. Based on the results this study concludes that the professional activities of hospital pharmacists has increased a little and there were structural changes in hospital pharmacy service activities to increase the professionalism in providing care. However, the pharmacy departments were understaffed hampering the strive to increase the provision of professional pharmaceutical service in hospitals.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2014

Parents are one of the principal agents of education along with students and teachers. The father, who is also a member of the educational community, plays a role in and has responsibility for his children's education. But, in Korea, as mothers are largely responsible for the children's care and education, fathers' school involvement has not been treated as a research subject. However, changes in family structure and function have challenged the notion of the father's traditional role. Recently, the father who participates actively in the rearing and education of his child has emerged as a new trend of the father model. It has been proven through many studies that the father's involvement has unique positive effects on his children, a phenomenon known as the "father effect". This research investigates the father's school involvement through focus group interviews with fathers. The results showed that the father's school participation rate was not high, while the father's desire for school participation was very high. These results are explained by the situation of fathers having no time or pathway to participate in their children's school. In order to enable fathers' participation, leave for school participation needs to be implemented and the development of fathers' activities is necessary. A father education program is needed to bring about changes resulting in fathers' greater participation in their children's education. This study suggests policy implications for supporting fathers' school involvement.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2021

Purpose: The importance of creativity has been emphasized in the transition from industrial society to knowledge-based society. Recently, design thinking has attracted great attention as one of the ways to increase the creativity of the organization. From the perspective of solving urban problems through collaboration between technology and citizens, the active participation of citizens is indispensable for realizing smart cities. Research design, data and methodology: From the perspective of solving urban problems through collaboration between technology and citizens, the active participation of citizens is indispensable for realizing smart cities. Results: Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design a citizen-participation type system and contents using a specific space to realize a smart city. This system utilizes the concept of space as a tool to promote innovation activities with the participation of citizens and makes it easy for users of space to participate based on urban problems derived from living labs and the internal structure and user flow line have been designed. Conclusions: It was been also used voice recognition, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data as important technologies for experiencing smart cities. The system and content were designed with an emphasis on allowing citizens to directly recognize and experience smart city technology, especially through space-based information visualization and multi-faceted stimulus elements.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2009

초고층 건물의 안전성 및 사용성을 합리적으로 확보하고 유지하기 위해서 부재의 구조 반응 모니터링은 필요하다. 이러한 대형 건물의 건전도 모니터링은 최근 들어 많은 연구자들에 의해서 관심 되어지고 있지만 건물 특성상 계측 대상 부재가 많고 하중과 구조반응의 관계가 복잡하기 때문에 센싱 부재 선정의 어려움으로 그 적용에 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 부재의 변위기여도 및 변형에너지밀도를 기반으로 초고층 건물의 안전성 모니터링을 위한 구조반응 계측 부재 선정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2015

This paper proposed a structural time-varying damage detection method by using synchrosqueezing wavelet transform. The instantaneous frequencies of a structure with time-varying damage are first extracted using the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform. Since the proposed synchrosqueezing wavelet transform is invertible, thus each individual component can be reconstructed and the modal participation factor ratio can be extracted based on the amplitude of the analytical signals of the reconstructed individual components. Then, the new time-varying damage index is defined based on the extracted instantaneous frequencies and modal participation factor ratio. Both free and forced vibrations of a classical Duffing nonlinear system and a simply supported beam structure with abrupt and linear time-varying damage are simulated. The proposed synchrosqueezing wavelet transform method can successfully extract the instantaneous frequencies of the damaged structures under free vibration or vibration due to earthquake excitation. The results also show that the defined time-varying damage index can effectively track structural time-varying damage.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.123-129
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• 2003

Drift design using resizing techniques can be a very practical method in drift design of high-rise buildings since it cannot require sensitivity analysis and structural re-analysis. Resizing techniques has used the cross sectional areas as design variable and supposed that displacement participation factors are inversely proportional to structural weights. Efficiency of resizing techniques based on displacement participation factors may depend on proper selection of sectional properties as design variables. In this study, two different drift design methods with the different sectional properties as design variables are presented and applied to a 20-story structure.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2010

Consumer expectations for ethical businesses have become increasingly high in recent years; the fashion industry is working to implement greater corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study establishes the effects of the evaluation for participation in fashion brand CSR on perceived purchase values. In particular, the process for the evaluation for participation that affect the perceived purchase value through consumer-brand identifications (personal/social) was verified and how the consumer regulatory focuses would influence this process was identified. For this study, an on-line survey was conducted that included a series of filtering questions that measured the level of social concern of respondents. Valid data from 505 female consumers were analyzed for the structure equation modeling. The empirical results suggested that the evaluation for participation in fashion brand CSR positively affected the two dimensions of consumer-brand identification; personal identification and social identification. In addition, consumer-brand identification played a role as a mediating variable in the path to influence the perceived purchase values of CSR brands. Lastly, there were differences in reactions to CSR activities by consumer groups with different regulatory focuses. The effect of the evaluation for participation in fashion brand CSR was shown to be higher for consumers with promotion focuses than on consumers with prevention focuses. The results of this study will help fashion companies understand the importance of the consumer participation in CSR by having consumers participate in ethical consumption.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2022

This study aimed at examining the mediation effects of depressive symptoms on the association between social activity participation and marital satisfaction among couples in later life. The study included 1,196 married couples aged 65 or above who participated in the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging in 2018. The study variables were husbands' and wives' social activity participation, marital satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Covariates were individual age, education level, subjective health, couples' household income, and number of children. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) and bootstrapping techniques were used to test the significance of the mediating impacts of depressive symptoms based on the dyadic data structure. The results showed that for both husbands and wives, active participation in social activities had significant effects on increasing marital satisfaction through lowering depressive symptoms. However, only the participation of husbands in social activities was positively associated with their own marital satisfaction by reducing their own and their partner's depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the active social participation of individuals salient for promoting the quality of marital relationships in later life, particularly for preventing their own and their spouse's depressive symptoms.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1986

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. One is to investigate the determinants of the demand supply of labor, and another is to project long-term demand and supply of labor. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, theoretical models and important hypotheses are discussed: for the case of a labor supply model, issues regarding discouraged worker model, permanent wage hypothesis, and relative wage hypothesis are examined and for the case of a demand model, issues regarding estimating an employment demand equation within the framework of an inverted short-run produc- tion function are inspected. Particularly, a theoretical justification for introducing a demographic cohort variable in a labor supply equation is also investigated. In the second part, empirical results of the estimated supply and demand equations are analyzed. Supply equations are specified differently between primary and secondary labor force. That is, for the case of primary labor force groups including males aged 25 and over, attempts are made to explain the variations in participation behavior within the framework of a neo-classical economics oriented permanent wage hypothesis. On the other hand, for the case of females and young male labor force, variations in participation rates are explained in terms of a relative wage hypothesis. In other words, the participation behavior of primary labor force is related to short-rum business fluctuations, while that of secondary labor force is associated with intermediate swings of business cycles and demographic changes in the age structure of population. Some major findings arc summarized as follows. (1) For the case of males aged 14~19 and 2O~24 groups and females aged 14∼19, the effect of schhool enrollment rate is dominant and thus it plays a key role in explaining the recent declining trend of participation rates of these groups. (2) Except for females aged 20∼24, a demographic cohort variable, which captures the impact of changes in the age structure on participation behavior, turns out to show positive and significant coefficients for secondary labor force groups. (3) A cyclical variable produce significant coefficients for prime-age males and females reflecting that as compared to other groups the labor supply behavior of these groups is more closely related to short-run cyclical variations (4) The wage variable, which represents a labor-leisure trade-off turns out to yield significant coefficients only for older age groups (6O and over) for both males and females. This result reveals that unlike the experiences of other higer-income nations, the participation decision of the labor force of our nation is not highly sensitive with respect to wage changes. (5)The estimated result of the employment demand equation displays that given that the level of GNP remains constant the ability of the economy to absord labor force has been declining;that is, the elasticity of GNP with respect to labor absorption decreasre over time. In the third part, the results of long-term projections (for the period of 1986 and 1995) for age-sex specific participation rates are discussed. The participation rate of total males is anticipated to increase slightly, which is contrary to the recent trend of declining participation rates of this group. For the groups aged 25 and below, the participation rates are forecast to decline although the magnitude of decrease is likely to shrink. On the other hand, the participation rate of prime- age males (25 to 59 years old) is predicted to increase slightly during 1985 and 1990. For the case of females, except for 20∼24 and 25∼34 age groups, the participation rates are projected to decrease: the participation rates of 25∼34 age group is likely to remain at its current level, while the participation rate of 20∼24 age group is expected to increase considerably in the future (specifi- cally, from 55% in 1985 to 61% in 1990 and to 69% in 1995). In conclusion, while the number of an excess supply of labor will increase in absolute magnitude, its size as a ratio of total labor force is not likely to increase. However, the age composition of labor force is predicted to change; that is, the proportion of prime-age male and female labor force is projected to increase.