• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.645-651
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• 2007

Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were used to evaluate the effect of dietary rice starch with different particle size on growth performance, intestinal function and proliferation. There were two dietary treatment: rice starch (RS), ultra finely pulverized rice starch with less than $15{\mu}m$ size (PRS). They were eight rats per treatment. In vitro digestibility, body weight change and organs weight were evaluated. Serum GPT, GOT and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed. Transit time, short chain fatty acid contents of cecum, and cell proliferation of duodenum and jejunum were measured. In vitro digestibility of PRS was higher than that of RS. Rats fed ultra finely pulverized rice starch for 3 weeks grew faster than rats fed rice starch. PRS group has higher weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad, perhaps as a result of increased digestibility. GPT and GOT were not different between two groups. Blood urea nitrogen was higher in RS-fed rats than that of PRS-fed rats. Feeding ultra finely pulverized rice starch resulted in a proliferation of duodenum significantly. These results suggest that ultra finely pulverized rice starch increases the growth performance in weanling animals with reduced number of cells in the cell cycle of small intestine.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2009

1. 이 증례는 Pierre Robin Sequence로 진단받은 14개월 남아로 PRS의 3요소 중 하악왜소증, 설하수증의 소견을 보이고 있었으며 기도확보는 측와위를 통하여, 섭식은 PEG 도관삽입술을 시행하여 유지하고 있었다. 2. PRS는 해부학적 폐쇄 질환이기도 하지만 성장 장애이기도 하므로 여러 분야의 다원적 접근 및 치료계획이 필요하며, 다른 증후군들과 연관되어 심장질환, 신경질환, 안과질환, 청력문제 등이 동반될 수 있으므로 치과 진료실 에서 PRS 환아의 진료시 이 점을 유의해야할 것이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2011

Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is known as an anomaly consisting of respiratory obstruction with glossoptosis, micrognathia and cleft palate in a newborn. The etiology of PRS is not known, but several factors may be involved simultaneously. Mortality rate of PRS is about 5~30% and the treatment method is divided into both conventional treatments and surgical interventions. If the respiratory obstruction is not resolved by the conventional method, surgical treatment, such as subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth, tongue-lip adhesion, tracheostomy, distraction osteogenesis may be needed. This study reports a case of PRS in a newborn male at 20 days, with dyspnea and feeding difficulties. Clinical examination showed micrognathia with glossoptosis and cleft palate as the typical PRS triad. We tried surgical intervention with subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth and tongue-lip adhesion and surgery was successful. At $19^{th}$ months, we also repaired the incomplete cleft palate successfully using 2-Flap palatoplasty.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2010

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) describes the clinical triad of micro- and/or retrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft soft palate. Glossopexy has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment in selected cases of obstruction caused by glossoptosis (generally 6 to 10 months of glossopexy period). If radiofrequency therapy (RF) can reduce tongue volume in PRS, it will be helpful in early releasing of the glossopexy. Two-dayold patient showed a PRS triad. Intermittent cyanosis, respiratory difficulty and feeding problems were also observed. The respiration was not improved and prolonged intubation increased the possibility of respiratory complications like pneumonia. The surgical intervention- glossopexy and RF was done 20 days after birth. We applied RF combined with conventional glossopexy and could get successful results while reducing the overall treatment time to 6 weeks. The follow-up until 12 months after birth was uneventful. Considering that early recovery is highly beneficial to PRS patients by reducing risks associated with glossopexy and low energy RF application is very simple and low risk to patient, our combination therapy should be considered for the treatment of airway problem related to PRS.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of kinesio taping on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 40 patients were divided into 2 groups : Group A was treated except taping and Group B was treated with taping. Both Group were treated with Acupuncture, Phy-Tx and Herb-med. Patients were evaluated and analyzed Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Pain Rating Score(PRS) and Neck Disability Index(NDI). Results : 1. Group B was significantly decreased in VAS, NDI after 3 days of treatment. 2. Group B was significantly decreased in PRS after 6 days of treatment. 3. Group A was significantly decreased in VAS, PRS and NDI after 9 days of treatment. 4. Group B compared with the Group A was decreased in VAS and NDI after 12 days of treatment. 5. Group B compared with the Group A was significantly decreased in PRS after 9 days of treatment. Conclusions : We found out that kinesio taping treatment is considered to be effective and useful on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visitors' positive emotions on satisfaction and loyalty with the perception of restorative environment of a healing garden created in an urban agriculture expo. Methods: The psychological indicators to the images of the healing garden were analyzed by the visitors' demographic variables and the three factors of plant cultivation activity level: plant cultivation experience, plant preference, and plant-related event. Results: Between age groups and occupational groups, significant differences were found statistically. The Perceived Restorativeness Scale(PRS) showed significantly differences between age groups in repose, fascination and legibility. The Positive Affect & Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) showed statistically significant differences between age groups in positive emotions. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the PANAS and the three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty. The three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty showed a positive correlation with positive emotions and were inversely correlated with negative emotions significantly. Multiple regression analysis with dummy variables was conducted to examine the effects of plant cultivation activity level, attention restoration, and the PANAS on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. As a result, among the four factors of the PRS, fascination and positive affectivity were significant variables that affect healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher the attention restoration of visitors due to the fascination of the healing garden and the higher their positive affectivity and the more they have plant-related memories, the higher their impact on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, fascinating natural environments or greenery landscapes like healing gardens where people can contact plants would reduce negative emotions such as anger and sadness but to increase positive emotions such as pleasure, joy and satisfaction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.568-571
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Platycodi radix Saponin(PRS) on the reduction of lipid status in rats fed on high fat diet for 6 weeks after which lipid contents were measured in serum , liver and feces. The results obtained from this study are as follows : That the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly lower in the PRS group as compared with the control group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in the feces were tended to be slightly increase in PRS group compared to the control group, which were not significant.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.438-440
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• 1997

This paper proposed a partial resonant switching three-phase high power factor converter using a $PRS^2$(Partial Resonant Soft Switch). The proposed converter has a merit of simple controlled circuit because the input current control DCM(Discontinuous Conduction Mode). And it is improve to input power factor that the snubber capacitor's energy regenerate to the AC source side. This topology is reduced a current/voltage stresses of resonant devices in addition to a partial resonant strategy. The result of simulations with the proposed topology included in this paper.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2010

We study pseudo symmetric (briefly $(PS)_n$) and pseudo Ricci symmetric (briefly $(PRS)_n$) warped product manifolds $M{\times}_FN$. If M is $(PS)_n$, then we give a condition on the warping function that M is a pseudosymmetric space and N is a space of constant curvature. If M is $(PRS)_n$, then we show that (i) N is Ricci symmetric and (ii) M is $(PRS)_n$ if and only if the tensor T defined by (2.6) satisfies a certain condition.