• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 1983

Dehiscence of ginseng seeds under the various conditions, growing experiment in the different soil conditions, and growing experiment with extracts obtained by water passed the pot of 4 year ginseng plants were performed. The results obtained are as follows: The survival rate of ginseng plants in the soil of ginseng field sterilized by MIYAZAWA's method was higher than that of the non-sterilized, but lower than that of the control. The survival rate of ginseng plants on the sterilized soil of ginseng field was lower than that on the surrounding soil. The growth of ginseng plants cultivated with the water passed through the pot-planted 4-year-old ginseng plants was strongly inhibited in comparison with the control. Besides biological cause, chemical products excreted from the root of ginseng plants might be the important factors of soil sickness in the successive cultivation of the same plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.635-638
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• 2011

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of $\beta$-amino carbonyl compounds by one-pot three-component Mannich reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines using a carbon-based solid acid (CBSA), as an effective and reusable catalyst, is described. The present methodology offers several advantages such as simple procedure with an easy work-up, shorter reaction times, and high yields.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.411-413
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• 2010

A simple, efficient and an environmental friendly method have been developed for the synthesis of substituted indole from aryl hydrazines and aldehydes/ketones with HPA-phosphomolybdic acid as a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst is nontoxic and recyclable.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.863-868
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• 2010

Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate-catalyzed novel synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-(thio)one derivatives was achieved through one-pot three-component condensation of diversified aldehydes, $\beta$-ketoesters and urea or N-methylurea or thiourea with a molar ratio of 1:1:1.4. In comparison to the classical Biginelli approach, this catalytic method has the advantages of short reaction time and improved product yield.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.2887-2889
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• 2009

An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols by the condensation of aromatic/heteroaromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, 2-naphthol and amides or urea under thermal condition at $60^{\circ}C$ in the presence of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([bmim]$HSO_4$) has been described.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1231-1234
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• 2012

A one-pot efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazole derivatives in good to excellent yields by reaction between hexamethyldisilazane and arylaldehydes, benzyl alcohols, benzyl halides in the presence of molecular iodine has been developed. The remarkable advantages of this method are the simple workup procedure, high yields of products, and the availability of reagents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

Many highway bridges in Korea need seismic retrofit because only one decade has passed since the seismic design criteria was introduced. In this experimental study, the effectiveness of base isolation bearings was discussed for the seismic retrofit of the highway bridges. Four real scale RC pier specimens were constructed for the test. These RC piers didn't have seismic details. Except for one RC pier for the pilot test, three types of bearings such as Pot bearing, Rubber bearing (RB), Lead-rubber bearing (LRB) were applied to the other RC piers respectively. The RC pier with Pot bearing means current state of the prototype bridge that is not retrofitted seismically. And two RC piers with RB or LRB mean assumed states of the prototype bridge that are retrofitted seismically. To simulate dynamic behavior of these RC piers under earthquake loads, Pseudo-dynamic test method was used.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.803-806
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• 2008

LEACHN is the computer simulation model which can be used to simulate field-scale N transformations and movement and has three organic pools (plant residue, manure, and soil humus), three inorganic pools (urea, nitrate and ammonium) and plant. Pot experiment operated May to October in 2004. LEACHN simulated the nitrogen movement and transformation in soil using method of PEST and trial and error.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.92-95
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• 2011

The initial investment of rice cultivation by mechanical technique was high. This was only due to the cost of planting machine. We analysed the overall cost (without machine cost) and benefits of the two methods, it manifested that the mechanical method is very much beneficial over traditional rice cultivation technique. We observed that the requirement of soil, irrigation water, number of seeds etc. decreased in mechanical cultivation technique while net income increase by 13.07% with 80% government subsidy. Furthermore, the initial rooting was quicker, growth and development of pot raised seedlings was better than the traditional technique. Hence, this technique can give better return to the farmers with the help of government subsidy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2005

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a severe disease problem that affects the quality and yield of barley grain. The evaluation of FHB resistance is difficult because environmental conditions greatly influence FHB infection and development. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish an efficient screening method for selecting resistant barley to FHB, 2) compare FHB severity between the cut-spike method and pot-plant method for development of mass screening, and 3) estimate FHB resistance for barley germplasms. Barley cultivars and lines were evaluated for reaction to FHB in controlled-greenhouse condition. Spikes were spray-inoculated with a suspension $(5.0\times10^5\;macroconidia\;mL^{-1})$ of Fusarium graminearum SCK-O4 strain, and then kept in a greenhouse at $18-25^{\circ}C$ with $80-100\%$ relative humidity. Inoculation were employed at 3 different heading growth stages (heading date, three days after heading, and five days after heading). The inoculation was performed in 2 consecutive days in order to avoid escapes. The inoculated plants were maintained in the greenhouse at 4 different free moisture periods (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The percentage of FHB severity was scored from 0 to 9 according to the rate of infected kernels per spike, and three spikes were evaluated per replication with 3 replicates. There were significant differences of FHB severity depending on the different free moisture periods, but not by the inoculation at different heading stages. The optimum evaluation point of FHB severity in the greenhouse condition was on the 7th day under free moisture condition after inoculation at the heading date. Infection level in cut-spike method highly correlated with that in pot-plant method. This suggested that cut-spike method is useful in evaluating of FHB resistance in barley. Six cultivars, such as Jinkwang, Buheung, Atahualpha 92, Chevron-b, Gobernadora-d, and MNBrite-c, were selected as resistant varieties to FHB. Correlation coefficient for the FHB severity evaluated by the pot-plant method between two seasons was 0.794, indicating the stability and accuracy of the screening method.