• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-86
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• 1983

The purpose of study carried out to determine the effect of informativeness influeucing the state-Anxiety of Hysterectomy patient, the relationship between Hysterectomy patient's general characteristics on State-Anxiety. and to investigation the cause of hysterectomy patient's Anxiety, the relationship between the cause of Anxiety and State-Anxiety. This stuad carried out between April 14. to May 24. 1983. This study sample consisted of 104 Hysterectomy patient who admitted to department of obstetrics of Seoul National University Hospital, Korea University Hospital, Han Yang University Hospital and Seung Nam Hospital. The Sample were divided into two groups; fifty two of experimental and fifty two of control group. The method used for the collection of data were set of information prepared by reseacher and state-Anxiety Inventory, The Questionnaire of state-Anxiety Inventory was made up 20 items. The data was analyzed by computer program. The results of the study were as follows. 1. There was shown state Anxiety to be alleviated by experimental group and control group. 2. There was significant relation between experimental group and control group. (p<0.01) 3. There was relation of state-Anxiety by education Level: Experimental group (p＜0.05) control group (p<0.05) religion : only control group (p＜0.05)economic state : only control group (p<0.05) The people who encouraged hysterectomy: Experimental group (p<0.05) control group (p＜0.0001) 4. The cause of preoperative anxiety about hysterectomy were as follows: 1) destruction of body image(=loss of uterus) 2) husband's attitude 3) Expactation that hysterectomy will adversely affect sexual relation 5. Among the cause of Anxiety, R²for state-Anxiety were as follows: 1) economic state 17.3% 2) deatch 21.6% 3) Expactation that hysterectomy will adversely affect sexual relation 24.5%.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate correlations among self-regulated learning, attention control and Yangseng, to clarify any differences depending on general characteristics and ultimately to understand factors affecting self-regulated learning of undergraduates. Methods: Data were collected for a month from April 1st, 2011. A total of 438 undergraduate nursing students of two universities in Chungbuk and Chungnam were surveyed by using a questionnaire about self-regulated learning, attention control and Yangseng. Results: Self-regulated learning of the subjects showed statistically significant correlations with their attention control (r=.302, p=.001) and Yangseng (r=.292, p=.001). In addition, self-regulated learning could be explained by attention control (${\beta}$=3.648, p=.001), Yangseng (${\beta}$=3.645, p=.001), perceived academic achievement levels (${\beta}$=.124, p=.018), or eating breakfast (${\beta}$=.102, p=.027). In the model, the variables explained self-regulated learning by 19.0%. Conclusion: Nursing instructors should encourage undergraduate nursing students to enhance their attention control so that they can improve their self-regulated learning abilities, which will eventually develop their problem solving skills. In addition, it was shown that self-regulated learning correlates with yangseng including eating a regular breakfast. Maintaining a desirable lifestyle is also essential for students to succeed in self-regulated learning.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 1999

Sex differences in the induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and the activities of several related enzymes of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were investigated. Male and female rats were exposed to 50, 300, and 1800 ppm of 1-BrP per kg body weight (6 h a day,S days a week, 8 weeks) by inhalation. The mean body weight of 1-BrP treated groups increased according to the day elapsed, but four and five weeks respectively after the start of the exposure, the mean body weight of male and female rats had significantly reduced in the group treated with 1800 ppm 1-BrP compared with the control group (p<0.01). While the relative weights of liver increased in both sexes, statistical significance in both sexes was found only in the group receiving 1800 ppm/kg of 1-BrP (p<0.01). The total contents of CYP, $b_5$, NADPH-P-450 reductase, NADH $b_5$ reductase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD), and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (pNPH) activities were examined for the possible effects of 1-BrP. No significant changes in the CYP and $b_5$ contents, NADPH-P-450 reuctase, NADH $b_5$ reductase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and pentoxyresorufin- O-dealkylase (PROD) were observed between the control and treated groups. The activity of pNPH increased steadily with the increase in the concentration of 1-BrP in both sexes, but was significantly increased only in the 1800 ppm-treated group of male rats (p<0.05). When Western blottings were carried out with three monoclonal antibodies (MAb 1-7-1, MAb 2-66-3, and MAb 1-98-1) which were specific against CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP2E1, respectively, a strong signal corresponding to CYP2E1 was observed in microsomes obtained from rats treated with 1-BrP. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and the content of lipid peroxide significantly increased in the treated groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that 1-BrP can primarily induce CYP2E1 as the major form and that GST phase II enzymes play important roles in 1-BrP metabolism, showing sex-dependence in the metabolic mechanism of 1-BrP in the rat liver.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 1993

To evaluate of the relationship between the TMJ disorder and the vertical mandibular asymmetry, the author analyzed the differences between condylar heights, ramus heights and mandibular heights of both sides. All measurements were performed with a digital micrometer on the panoramic radiographs of 36 TMJ disorder patients and 30 normal control group. The differences were expressed in millimeters and percentage using the following formula; ｜(R-L)/(R+L)｜×100% The results were as follows : 1. The condylar height difference was greater of in patient group (1.86±1.66㎜) than that of in control group (1.22±0.85㎜)(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the condylar height ratio difference between patient group (11.67㎜11.44%) and control group (7.64±621%) (p>0.05). 2. The ramus height difference and ramus height ratio difference of patient group (4.52±3.70㎜, 4.39±3.49%) were greater than those of control group (2.64±2.13㎜, 2.46±2.02%)(p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. The mandibular height difference and mandibular height ratio difference of patient group (4.32±3.52㎜, 3.59±2.81%) were greater than those of control group (2.57±2.46㎜, 2.01±1.95%) (p<0.05). 4. The ratio difference in condylar height to ramus height and condylar height to mandibular height of patient group (5.01±4.13%, 3.36±2.88%) were greater than those of control group (2.33±1.78%, 1.90±1.40%) (p<0.01).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.716-731
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a self-efficacy promotion smoking cessation program for middle school students. This program was redesigned on the basis of Shin Sung Rye( 1997)' s Self-Efficacy Promoting Program for this study. The design of this paper was quasi-experimental. equivalent control group pre-post test. time series design. The subjects of this study were 53 smoker adolescents in D Middle School in the city of Busan. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The Hypothesis 1 was accepted: The self efficacy of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 1 week (expected efficacy t=2.20, p<.05. expected outcomes t=-2.58. p<.05) 4 weeks after education (expected efficacy t=- .19. p<.001, expected outcomes t=-2.586. p<.05). 2) The Hypothesis 2 was accepted: The amount of smoking of the experimental group was reduced more than that of the control group after 1 week (t=2.05, p<.05) and after 4 weeks (t=2.03. p<.05). 3) The Hypothesis 3 was accepted: The positive urine cotinine of the experimental group was less than that of the control group after 1 week after education($x^2$=8.57. p<.01) after 4 weeks ($x^2$=22.49. p<.001). In conclusion. a self-efficacy promotion smoking cessation program for middle school students was an effective smoking cessation program and then it will be valuable for stopping the smoking among the adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.872-880
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts rich in isoflavone on the antio-xidative system of rats. For this purpose, first, Puerariae radix was extracted with ethanol, and its total isoflavone and puerarin contents were analysed. Second, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks with four diets which were based on AIN96G diet and supplemented with Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts to contain isoflavone. The isoflavone contents of four experimental diets were 0 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg, 2,000 mg per kg diet, respectively (control, P0.05%,P0.1%, P0.2%). Liver and erythrocyte activities of antioxidative enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) were measured. Also, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, liver glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were measured. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract was 3067.6 mg per 100 g extract and the content of puerarin was 2557.4 mg per 100 g extract. The erythrocyte activities of GSH-Px and catalase were higher in group P0.1% and P0.2%. But SOD activity of erythocyte did not show any difference by the Puerariae radix-ethanol extract supplementation in diet. The activity of SOD in liver increased significantly by the supplementation of extract, showing highest level in P0.1% group. The liver GSH concentration increased significantly in group of P0.05%, P0.1%, and P0.2% compared with control group (p <0.05). The GSSG concentration in liver showed no difference by the supplementation of Puerariae radix extract from the control group, except P0.2% group. The plasma MDA concentration did not show any significant differences by the extract supplementation. But the liver MDA concentration decreased by the extract supplementation, showing the lowest level in P0.1 % diet group. These results suggest that the supplementation of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation in liver and enhance the antioxidative defense competence of rats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-674
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• 2005

The factors for the childhood onset obesity were assessed to provide informations for the nutrition education program targeting the primary school children. The subjects of this study were 529 primary school children in Iksan City, Jeon-buk Province. Children were classified into obese(236) and control(293) groups by the obesity index. Anthropometric measurement dietary intake through 24-hour recall method, blood analysis and questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge and attitude, body image recognition and eating habits were conducted The mean age of subject was 12.0 years. The average body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in obese group were significantly different from those in control group; their values in the former were 26.5 kg/m2 and $37.7\%$ and 43.0 kg, 19.8 kg/m2 and $3.2\%$ in the latter, respectively. The average scores of self-satisfaction were significantly different in two groups (p<0.001), 31.2, and 34.1, respectively. Among the obese subjects, $60.6\%$ were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their body image, and $76.5\%$ had experiences of weight control and $67.5\%$ took diet control as a weight control method Among mothers of obese subjects, $89.1\%$ were unsatisfied with their children's body image. $64.4\%$ of obese subjects had obese parents. Average intake of energy were $76.7\%$ of RDA in obese group and $74.9\%$ of RDA in control group. Average intake of cereals(p<0.01), potatoes & starch(p<0.01) and eggs(p<0.01) between obese and control subjects were significantly different; 295.4g, 76.2g, 55.6g in the former and 277.9g, 38.1g, 45.6g in the latter, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride(p<0.05), GPT(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.001) concentration of the obses and control subjects were significantly different; in the former, 103.6mg/dL, 24.6U/L, 13.4g/dL, and in the latter, 93.7mg/dL, 19.9U/L, 13.1g/dL, respectively, The results suggest that practical nutrition education for the prevention of childhood onset obese should be provided to primary school children.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.430-436
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• 2015

This study examined the correlation of educational experience with practical behavior in infection control. Subjects were 152 dental hygienists in Gwangju from September 15 to October 5, 2015. The ratio of dental hygienists educated on infection control was higher in those worked in dental care with 2~4 dentist for 2~5 years and lower in those worked in dental cared with 1 dentist for 2~5 years (p<0.05, p<0.001). The dental hygienists with or without educational experience in infection control exhibited the highest activity rate in hand wash and the lowest in face protection. Barrier in health belief, was lower with the need for education in infection control among the factors affecting on the activity in infection control. The activity was higher with susceptibility and cue to action (p<0.05). Based on the results, education program on infection control should be developed, and applied periodically and obligatorily for dentist and all staffs of dental care to remove susceptibility and barrier, and to enhance cue to action. This will result the effective control of infection by elevating the health belief.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hand acupressure in relieving shoulder pain among male manufacturing workers. Methods: A nonequivalent control group was employed using a nonsynchronized design. Data were collected from two manufacturing plants located in metropolitan area U. The data were analyzed with a ${\chi}^2$-test and an independent t-test to perform a homogeneity test, and with repeated ANOVA measures to perform an hypothesis test using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Hypothesis 1 that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion would score lower for low shoulder pain than the control group" was supported (F=306.05, p<.001). Hypothesis 2, that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion would have a wider range of motion than the control group" was also supported with increased flexion(F=7.73, p<.001), extension(F=7.89, p=.001), abduction(F=21.23, p<.001), and horizontal abduction(F=20.89, p=.028). Hypothesis 3, that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion would score lower for quality of sleep than the control group" was not supported (F=56.10, p=.091). Conclusions: Hand moxibustion is effective in relieving shoulder pain for male manufacturing workers, in relieving low shoulder pain and increasing the range of motion.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

The p53 protein plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression. The cellular level of p53 is normally kept low by proteasome-mediated degradation, allowing cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Under stress conditions, such as DNA damage, p53 is stabilized and activated through various post-translational modifications of itself as well as of its regulatory proteins for induction of the downstream genes responsible for cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Therefore, the level of p53 should be tightly regulated for normal cell growth and for prevention of the accumulation of mutations in DNA under stress conditions, which otherwise would lead to tumorigenesis. Since the discovery of Mdm2, a critical ubiquitin E3 ligase that destabilizes p53 in mammalian cells, nearly 20 different E3 ligases have been identified and shown to function in the control of stability, nuclear export, translocation to chromatin or nuclear foci, and oligomerization of p53. So far, a large number of excellent reviews have been published on the control of p53 function in various aspects. Therefore, this review will focus only on mammalian ubiquitin E3 ligases that mediate proteasome-dependent degradation of p53.