• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.295-299
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• 2015

In this paper to improve the ionic conduction properties, lanthanum silicate apatite $La_{9.33}(SiO_4)_6O_2$ ceramic, which substituted by V ions at Si-site, were fabricated by the mixed-oxide method. And we investigated the structural and electrical properties of $La_{9.33}(Si_{6-x}V_x)O_{26}$ specimens with variation of dopants for the application of solid oxide fuel cells. The sintering temperature of $La_{9.33}(Si_{6-x}V_x)O_{26}$ specimens decreased from $1,600^{\circ}C$ to $1,400^{\circ}C$. As results of X-ray diffraction patterns, all $La_{9.33}(Si_{6-x}V_x)O_{26}$ specimens showed the formation of a complete solid solution in a apatite polycrystallin structure. But the specimens doped with more than 1.5mol% showed the second phase, $La_2SiO_5$ and $SiO_2$. The specimen dopants with 1.0 mol% showed the maximum ion conductivity. Ion conducting and activation energy of the $La_{9.33}(Si_5V_1)O_26$ specimens were about $7.8{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$ 1.62 eV at $600^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 1988

The cross effect between an ion flux and an electronic current in a nonstoichiometric binary oxide, $A_{1-\delta}O_\mu$, has been analyzed in the light of irreversible thermodynamics. It has been shown that a net flux of the mobile cation vacancy is induced through the system in an electrical potential gradient applied across a pair of the reversible electrodes, which makes the Fick frame shift relative to the laboratory frame. As a consequence, the relative shift is a measure of the effective charge responsible for the cross effect. Two experiments are proposed to measure the shift.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.603-609
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a 600-V reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) for soft and hard switching applications, such as general purpose inverters. The newly developed RC-IGBT uses the deep reactive-ion etching trench technology without the thin wafer process technology. Therefore, a freewheeling diode (FWD) is monolithically integrated in an IGBT chip. The proposed RC-IGBT operates as an IGBT in forward conducting mode and as an FWD in reverse conducting mode. Also, to avoid the destructive failure of the gate oxide under the surge current and abnormal conditions, a protective Zener diode is successfully integrated in the gate electrode without compromising the operation performance of the IGBT.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.476-480
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• 2009

A polymer composite electrolyte of a blend of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a host polymer, the ethylene carbonate as a solvent, and $LiClO_4$ as a salt was studied. The crystallinity of the polymer electrolytes was evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes was measured by frequency response analyzer(FRA) method. The effect of PEO/PMMA blend ratios on the ionic conduction in these electrolytes was investigated. The electrolyte films showed a phase separation due to immiscibility of the PMMA with the PEO. The PMMA-rich phase and the PEO-rich phase were produced during a film casting. The ionic conductivity of blend electrolyte was dependent on the content of PMMA and showed the highest value at 20 wt.%. However, when PMMA content exceeds 20 wt.%, the ionic conductivity was decreased due to the slow ionic transport through the PMMA-rich phase.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2022

The application of polymer composite electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery (ASSLSBs) can guarantee high energy density and improve the interface contact between electrolyte and electrode, which has a broader application prospect. However, the inherent insulation of the sulfur-cathode leads to a low electron/ion transfer rate. Carbon materials with high electronic conductivity and electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity are usually selected to improve the electron/ion conduction of the composite cathode. In this work, PEO-LiTFSI-LLZO composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) with high ionic conductivity was prepared. The ionic conductivity was 1.16×10^-4 and 7.26×10^-4 S cm^-1 at 20 and 60℃, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite sulfur cathode was prepared with Sulfur, reduced graphene oxide and composite polymer electrolyte slurry (S-rGO-CPEs). In addition to improving the ion conductivity in the cathode, CPEs also replaces the role of binder. The influence of different contents of CPEs in the cathode material on the performance of the constructed battery was investigated. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery is the best when the content of the composite electrolyte in the cathode is 40%. Under the condition of 0.2C and 45℃, the charging and discharging capacity of the first cycle is 923 mAh g^-1, and the retention capacity is 653 mAh g^-1 after 50 cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 2015

The electrolyte is an important component in determining the performance of Fuel Cells. Especially, investigation of the conduction properties of electrolytes plays a key role in determining the performance of the electrolyte. The electrochemical properties of Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were measured to allow the use of this material as an electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) in the temperature range of $700-1000^{\circ}C$ and in $0.21{\leq}pO_2/atm{\leq}10^{-23}$. A Hebb-Wagner polarization experimental cell was optimally manufactured; here we discuss typical problems associated with making cells. The partial conductivities due to electrons and holes for 8YSZ, which is known as a superior oxygen conductor, were obtained using I-V characteristics based on the Hebb-Wagner polarization method. Activation energies for holes and electrons are $3.99{\pm}0.17eV$ and $1.70{\pm}0.06eV$ respectively. Further, we calculated the oxygen ion conductivity with electron, hole, and total conductivity, which was obtained by DC four probe conductivity measurements. The oxygen ion conductivity was dependent on the temperature; the activation energy was $0.80{\pm}0.10eV$. The electrolyte domain was determined from the top limit, bottom limit, and boundary (p=n) of the oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the electrolyte domain was widely presented in an extensive range of oxygen partial pressures and temperatures.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 1999

Glasses in the system $CaO-TiO_2-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-B_2O_3$ were investigated to find the glass seal compositions suitable for use in the planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Glass-ceramics prepared from the glasses by one-stage heat treatment at $1,000^{\circ}C$ showed various thermal expansion coefficients (i,e., $8.6\times10^{-6^{\circ}}C^{-1}$ to $42.7\times10^{-6^{\circ}}C^{-1}$ in the range 25-$1,000^{\circ}C$) due to the viscoelastic response of glass phase. The average values of contact angles between the zirconia substrate and the glass particles heated at 1,000-$1,200^{\circ}C$ were in the range of $131^{\circ}\pm4^{\circ}$~$137^{\circ}\pm9^{\circ}$, indicating that the glass-ceramic was in partial non-wetting condition with the zirconia substrate. With increasing heat treatment time of glass samples from 0.5 to 24 h at $1,100^{\circ}C$, the DC electrical conductivity of the resultant glass-ceramics decreased from at $800^{\circ}C$. Isothermal hold of the glass sample at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 48h resulted in diffusion of Ca, Si, and Al ions from glass phase into the zirconia substrate through the glass/zirconia bonding interface. Glass phase and diffusion of the moving ion such as $Ca^{2+}$ in glass phase is responsible for the electrical conduction in the glass-ceramics.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.12 s.283
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• pp.854-859
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• 2005

Performance of micro scale intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell system has been successfully evaluated by computer simulation based on macro modeling. Two systems were studied in this work. The one is designed that the ceria-based electrolyte placed between composite electrodes and the other is designed that electrodes alternately placed on the electrolyte. The injected gas was composed of hydrogen and air. The polarization curve was obtained through a series of calculations for ohmic loss, activation loss and concentration loss. The calculation of each loss was based on the solving of mathematical model of multi physical-phenomena such as ion conduction, fluid dynamics and diffusion and convection by Finite Element Method (FEM). The performance characteristics of SOFC were quantitatively investigated for various structural parameters such as distance between electrodes and thickness of electrolyte.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.371-383
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• 2021

Anion exchange membranes have been used for water electrolysis, which can produce hydrogen, and fuel cells, which can generate electrical energy using hydrogen fuel. Anion exchange membranes operate based on hydroxide ion (OH^-) conduction under alkaline conditions. However, since the anion exchange membrane shows relatively low ion conductivity and alkaline stability, there is still a limit to its commercialization in water electrolysis and fuel cells. To address these issues, it is important to develop novel anion exchange membrane materials by rationally designing a polymer structure. In particular, the polymer structure and synthetic method need to be controlled. By doing so, for polymers, the physical properties, ionic conductivity, and alkaline stability can be maintained. Among many anion exchange membranes, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) is commercially available and easily accessible. In addition, the PPO has relatively high mechanical and chemical stability compared to other polymers. In this review, we introduce the recent development strategy and characteristics of PPO-based polymer materials used in anion exchange membranes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.404-411
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• 2012

The reliability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) particularly depends on the high quality of solid oxide electrolytes. The application of thinner electrolytes and multi electrolyte layers requires a more reliable characterization method. Most of the investigations on thin film solid electrolytes have been made for the parallel transport along the interface, which is not however directly related to the fuel cell performance of those electrolytes. In this work an array of ion-blocking metallic Ti/Au microelectrodes with about a $160{\mu}m$ diameter was applied on top of an ultrathin ($1{\mu}m$) yttria-stabilized-zirconia/gadolinium-doped-ceria (YSZ/GDC) heterolayer solid electrolyte in a micro-SOFC prepared by PLD as well as an 8-${\mu}m$ thick YSZ layer by screen printing, to study the transport characteristics in the perpendicular direction relevant for fuel cell operation. While the capacitance variation in the electrode area supported the working principle of the measurement technique, other local variations could be related to the quality of the electrolyte layers and deposited electrode points. While the small electrode size and low temperature measurements increaseed the electrolyte resistances enough for the reliable estimation, the impedance spectra appeared to consist of only a large electrode polarization. Modulus representation distinguished two high frequency responses with resistance magnitude differing by orders of magnitude, which can be ascribed to the gadolinium-doped ceria buffer electrolyte layer with a 200 nm thickness and yttria-stabilized zirconia layer of about $1{\mu}m$. The major impedance response was attributed to the resistance due to electron hole conduction in GDC due to the ion-blocking top electrodes with activation energy of 0.7 eV. The respective conductivity values were obtained by model analysis using empirical Havriliak-Negami elements and by temperature adjustments with respect to the conductivity of the YSZ layers.