• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2019

본 연구는 치과용시멘트의 표면특성과 구강세균 부착을 위해 치과용시멘트액에 저분자키토산(Low molecular chitosan: LC)을 무게비로 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt%를 첨가하였다. 시멘트의 경화시간과 표면특성으로 표면에너지와 표면거칠기를 평가하였다. 구강세균 부착정도는 구강세균 S. mutans, E.coli 2개의 균주를 이용하여 평가하였다. 실험 결과 경화시간은 LC0.5실험군에서 증가하였으나 통계적 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 표면거칠기는 LC2.0실험군에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며 구강 세균 부착실험 결과 저분자키토산을 첨가한 실험군 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 부착양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구로 저분자키토산의 표면특성과 구강세균 부착억제효과가 있음을 입증하였다. 향후 저분자키토산 첨가양에 따른 효율성과 폭 넓은 물성 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of MeOH Ex. of Salvia miltiorrhiza (MESM) against oral pathogenic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), removal effect of biofilm produced by Streptococcus mutans, effect of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and effect of production of proinflammatory cytokine of MESM were tested. MESM showed moderated antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. About 89±8% of biofilms produced by S. mutans were removed by MESM at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis were 8~9 folds reduced by MESM. Gene expression of IL-8 induced by Fusobacterium nucelatum were 12 folds reduced by MESM. Production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 were significantly suppressed by MESM. Conclusively, MESM showed potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect against oral pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigated the types and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in odontogenic abscesses. Materials and Methods: Pus specimens from 1,772 patients were collected from affected areas during incision and drainage, and bacterial cultures and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. The number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was analyzed relative to the total number of bacteria that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Results: Bacterial cultures from 1,772 patients showed a total of 2,489 bacterial species, 2,101 gram-positive and 388 gram-negative. For penicillin G susceptibility tests, 2 out of 31 Staphylococcus aureus strains tested showed sensitivity and 29 showed resistance. For ampicillin susceptibility tests, all 11 S. aureus strains tested showed resistance. In ampicillin susceptibility tests, 46 out of 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strains tested showed resistance. Conclusion: When treating odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses, it is appropriate to use antibiotics other than penicillin G and ampicillin as the first-line treatment.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

본 연구는 전신질환 노인을 대상으로 구강근기능과 구강환경을 조사하고 노인 구강건강 증진안을 제언하고자 하였다. 2019년 4-6월 동안 65세 이상 전신질환 노인 64명을 대상으로 구강근력, 구강건강관련 삶의 질, 구강세균에 대해 조사하고, PASW Statistics ver 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전신질환 유병은 1개 43.8%, 2개 40.6%, 기능치아수는 18.6개였다. 나이는 기능치아수(r=-.384, p<.01), 혀근력(r=-.104, p<.001)과 부적 상관관계가 있었고, 혀근력과 구순근력은(r=.279, p<.05)과 정적 상관관계가 있었으며, 연령과 총세균수는(r=-.336, p<.01) 부적 상관관계, 기능치아수와 총세균수는(r=.551, p<.001) 정적 상관관계 그리고 전신질환 수와 총세균수는(r=.327, p<.01) 정적 상관관계로 나타났다. 노인 전신질환자의 구강근기능과 구강환경의 문제점을 토대로 노인 구강건강 증진안을 제언하는데 의미가 있었고 초고령 시대를 앞두고 있는 지금 구강건강 관련 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위한 실제적인 정책안이 요구되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5675-5682
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• 2014

구강질환은 단독 진행만이 아닌 혼합감염증으로 발생하므로 치아우식증 및 치주질환에 관여하는 원인 균주들의 명확한 분석이 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구는 치아우식증 및 치주질환의 원인균으로 잘 알려져 있는 세균을 검출하기 위해 타액을 채취하였다. 성인의 연령, 흡연 및 음주, 질병유무에 따른 구강세균분포 차이를 보고 구강세균의 위험요소를 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구 대상은 20대 이상 65세 미만 성인 120명을 대상으로 2014년 3월 15일 - 5월 10일까지 조사하였다. 타액 내 gDNA를 추출 후 PCR 방법을 이용하여 구강질환의 균 분포도를 확인하였다. 그 결과, S. mutans는 72명, P. intermedia 88명, S. mutans와 P. intermedia 균이 모두 검출된 성인은 54명, 구강세균이 검출되지 않은 성인은 14명으로 나타났다. 구강세균의 위험 요소 결과, 흡연자는 비흡연자에 비해 S. mutans 2.8배, P. intermedia 3.5배 더 높게 나타났다. 음주자는 비음주자에 비해 S. mutans 검출 위험도가 3.3배 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 전신질환자는 정상인에 비해 P. intermedia 검출된 위험도가 4.1배 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 흡연, 음주, 전신질환은 구강 내 세균 검출위험도가 높은 인자임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 연령이 증가할수록 치주질환 세균이 더 많이 검출되었으며, 20대는 치아우식증과 치주질환이 공존하는 연령대인 만큼 구강세균의 분포가 더 두드러지게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 구강세균이 검출된 성인은 치아우식증과 치주질환에 이환될 위험도가 그만큼 높다고 볼 수 있으므로, 구강환경을 청결히하고 정기적인 치과방문을 통해 구강질환을 예방해야 할 것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the antimicrobial activities of Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) extracts against oral pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) extracts were evaluated against oral pathogens by the disc diffusion assay, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ethyl acetate extracts were determined by broth dilution method. The strains used in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus ratti, Streptococcus criceti, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces viscosus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) effectively inhibited the growth of oral bacteria compared with acetone or ethanol extract. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited MIC values ranging from 3.75 to 15.00 mg/ml, and it showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative oral bacteria. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate extracts from Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) showed the antimicrobial activities against ten oral bacteria. Thus, the extract of Ramaria botrytis (Fr.) may be considered as an effective natural antimicrobial agent for the prevention of oral pathogens.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

Interleukin-1b ($IL-1{\beta}$), a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates the innate immune responses against bacterial infection. Mature $IL-1{\beta}$ is produced from $pro-IL-1{\beta}$ by activated caspase-1, which in turn is activated by the inflammasome complex formation. In this study, we compared the inflammasome mRNA expression induced by S. sanguinis, S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. Among the tested bacteria, S. sanguinis induced the highest $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia induced very weak $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. sanguinis mostly induced the NLRP3 mRNA expressions. Although F. nucleatum did not induce high $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion, it induced high expression levels of AIM2, NLRP2, and NLRP3. No specific inflammasomes were induced by S. oralis and P.intermedia. Studying the inflammasome complex activation induced by oral bacteria may thus enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

Previously, strains of Streptococci genera were isolated from osteomyelitis caused by the post-infection after extraction. In present study, to test the sensitivity of the Streptococci strains against seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth dilution assay. Our data showed that the value of MIC of the Streptococci against antibiotics were different among the strains. In addition, the degree of resistance to antibiotics of Streptococci strains was mainly depended on the origin of isolation. Our results suggest that the development of the rapid and accurate method to detect the antibiotics-resistant bacteria is need to prevent the misuse or abuse of antibiotics and outbreak of antibiotics-resistant bacteria.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2005

Postantibiotic effects (PAE) refer to suppression of the bacterial growth following limited periods of exposure to an antibiotic and subsequent to the removal of the antibiotic agent. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria associated with several periodontal diseases. In this study, postantibiotic effects (PAE), postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) and sub-MIC effect (SME) of antibiotics on F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50 were investigated. The PAE was induced by 10X the MIC of antibiotic and antibiotic was eliminated by washing. The PA SMEs were studied by addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3X MICs during the postantibiotic phase of the bacteria, and the SMEs were studied by exposition of the bacteria to antibiotic at the sub-MICs only. Amoxicillin, doxycycline and tetracycline induced PAE for F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50. But metronidazole and penicillin induced PAE for only F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Metronidazole and doxycycline induced PA SME and SME for both species of anaerobic bacteria used in this study. The PA SME values for both strains were substantially longer than the SME values. The present study showed the existence of PAE, PA SME and SME for various antibiotics against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

A positional scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial library (PS-SCL) was screened in order to identify antimicrobial peptides against the cariogenic oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. Activity against Streptococcus gordonii and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was also examined. The library was comprised of six sub-libraries with the format $O_{(1-6)}XXXXX-NH_2$, where O represents one of 19 amino acids (excluding cysteine) and X represents equimolar mixture of these. Each sub-library was tested for antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. gordonii and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effect of peptides was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two semi-mixture peptides, RXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-1) and WXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-2), and one positioned peptide, RRRWRN-$NH_2$ (pep-3), were identified. Pep-1 and pep-2 showed significant antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (S. mutans and S. gordonii), but not against Gram negative bacteria (A. actinomycetemcomitans). However, pep-3 showed very low antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria. Pep-3 did not form an amphiphilic ${\alpha}$-helix, which is a required structure for most antimicrobial peptides. Pep-1 and pep-2 were able to disrupt the membrane of S. mutans. Small libraries of biochemically-constrained peptides can be used to generate antimicrobial peptides against S. mutans and other oral microbes. Peptides derived from such libraries may be candidate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of oral microorganisms.