• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.660-673
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to find effect of parental care awareness, emotional intelligence, peer relations on the happiness of school age children. Data collection was conducted by a survey of school-aged children who received consent from their guardians and the final target was 180. For data analysis, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression analysis was performed via the SPSS / WIN Ver 18.0 program. As the result, according to general characteristics, school life and parental interest had statistically significant effect on happiness. Parental caring awareness had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabitation family, school life, close friend, and interest of parent. Emotional intelligence had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabiting family, school life, school grade. There were statistically significant differences on peer relations in the cases of three or more close friends. Happiness showed a positive relation with parental care awareness, peer relationship, and emotional intelligence. The factors affecting the happiness of school aged children were school life, parental interest, parental care awareness, and the peer relationship. The R-square of these variables was 16.7%. Therefore, it was confirmed that school life, parental interest, parental care and peer relationship should be considered as a strategy to improve the happiness of school aged children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.82-94
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• 1999

According to Korean's geographical features of Taek Li Ji, the best location for human settlements is on the vicinity of a stream among a stream, an river and a sea, and not far from a ridge. The researcher chose one of best village which is called Yougokmaeul in Bonghwa-Gun, Kyungsang-Do. This village was created a gathering village with the same surname, can be translated as a hen and the front mountain can be seen as a rooster in the view of the shape of geographical features. As it were, the shape of this village and the cultivated land seems to be an egg inside a nest of a parent's chicken in the respect of the analogy of the theory of P'ungsuchiri which is known as Feng Shui in China and geomancy in the western world, and to effect the defensive psychology of the living environment in the terrain inland. This village is the studying place, Suckchunjungsa as the lecturing and studying place for their following students within the Chunghadonchun, the studying Yougok village, and even the ritual place performing ancestral sacrifices and the first incoming ancestor's graves in the same geographical system. The house site of the first incoming resident is surrounded the countian and is located in the front of Backsulryount which is the main mountain through Moonsu-san in the branch mountain of Korean's mountain system. Backsulryoung which is to be seen as the white peak, is symbolized the head of a hen which is to relate to a mysterious turtle in the view of P'ungsuchiri. And the pavilion which is called Chungamjung is sited on the rock of a shape of turtle which is symbolized to live longer. In the section of the mountain and water, Lee Jung Hwan mentioned a living place near the mountain stream is the best residential area and a landscape which is composed by a stream between mountains make a pleasure spirit and a bright feeling and make a refined person. If one can reach in the graceful mountain make a pleasure split and a bright feeling and make a refined person. If one can reach in the graceful mountain half day away, this kind of place must be a best living residential area to live. But this village was structured all in one place. And one of the ideas tangibly reflected in traditional Korean society's view of life and nature is the seclusion based on the Taoism. This kind of a dreamy thoughts make a dream to keep the paradise in our ancestors' mind. This kind of utopia is Chunghadonchun which is structured 5 aspects from the utopian gate near the Samgaesuewon to the village. These 5aspects is expressed by some Confucian thoughts as a small cosmos individually. On the third aspects which is the center among these aspects, the Suckchunjungsa which was made a seclusion place to devoting himself to his studies with refined tastes. The word of Jiju-am, Gangpung-dae, Jaewol-dae and Biryoung-pock are all expressed to cultivate one's moral character and to seek the truth by the Confucius'theory through the nature.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.395-426
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to delve into parents who turned their children into creative achievers in the East and the West in an attempt to determine the cultural generality and specificity of the rearing of gifted children. The subjects in this study were Western parents, who brought up Marie Curie, Einstein, Edison and Newton, and Eastern parents, who raised Lee Hwang, Lee lee, Jeong Yak-yong and Heo Nanseolheon. To compare their parenting characteristics, common denominators and differences, a variety of data were investigated, including historical records about the parents, biographies, critical biographies, autobiographies and letters. As to the common features of the parenting style of the eight Asian and Western parents, they were talented themselves or capable of educating their children in their talent areas, and provided them with optimal learning environments or chances without pushing them. They accentuated independent spirits and emphasized renovative and open way of thinking. And at least one parent in each family showed absolute support for their child. Regarding differences in parenting style between the East and the West, the Western parents urged their children to develop their talents with more intention, rather the Asian parents prized the well-rounded personality and growth of their children. The former interacted with their children in an horizontal manner, but the latter had a vertical relationship with their children. The former expressed their feelings in an active way, but the latter had their emotion in control. Besides, the Western parents disclosed themselves to their children by showing them even their mistakes or improper behaviors, whereas the Asian parents strived in everyday life to give their children a good example or a good role model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify factors related with depression among boys and girls in Korean middle school adolescents. Methods: This study used the data from the 2007 annual survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between the period of 2007/9/1 and 2007/9/22 (with the extension of 2007/10/1 and 2007/11/3). The target number of this study was 21,047 male and 18,424 female students all in the age group of middle school 1st grade and 3rd grade. Results: Depression of middle school adolescents was 33.4% for male students, 43.8% for female students, 38.3% in overall. With regard to the relationship between the demographic characteristics and the health behavior, both male and female students felt more depressed when they had more stress, followed by the cases with stimulant intakes and chronic diseases. For male students, higher level of physical activity was associated with greater level of the depression. For female students, living with only one parent or other person seem to cause more depression. Conclusion: Depression of middle school adolescents requires a special attention from the family, the school and society in general to find out and eliminate the root of these symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Average intake of calcium among college students is below the recommended intake, and knowledge surrounding the attitudinal and behavioral factors that influence milk and dairy intake, a primary food source of calcium, is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate college students' attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy consumption and their association with calcium intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were 1,730 undergraduate students who completed an online survey (SurveyMonkey) as part of baseline data collection for a social marketing dairy campaign. The online survey assessed attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy intake, and calcium intake. Questions about milk- and dairy-related attitudes and behaviors were grouped into 14 factors using factor analysis. Predictors of calcium intake were then evaluated. RESULTS: Median calcium intake across all participants was 928.6 mg/day, with males consuming higher calcium intakes than females (P < 0.001). Adjusted for gender, calcium intakes were most strongly (and positively) correlated with associating milk with specific eating occasions and availability (i.e., storing calcium-rich foods in one's dorm or apartment) (both P < 0.001). Other correlates of calcium intake included: positive-viewing milk as healthy (P = 0.039), having family members who drink milk) (P = 0.039), and taking calcium supplements (P = 0.056); and negative-parent rules concerning milk (P = 0.031) and viewing milk in dining halls negatively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium intakes among college students enrolled in the current study was below the recommended dietary allowance of 1,000 mg/day, reinforcing the need for dietary interventions in this target population, especially females. Practitioners and researchers should consider the factors found here to impact calcium intake, particularly associating milk with specific eating occasions (e.g., milk with breakfast) and having calcium-rich foods available in the dorm room or apartment, as intervention strategies in future efforts aimed at promoting milk and dairy foods and beverages for improved calcium intake in college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to provide base data for designing education and counseling programs for child-raising by identifying the types, characteristics and predictors of parenting behaviors of married immigrant women. Methods: We used a self-report questionnaire to survey 126 immigrant mothers of young children, who agreed to participate, and who could speak Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, or English, at two children's hospitals and two multicultural support centers. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe^{\prime}s$ test, and multinominal logistic regression. Results: We identified three clusters of parenting behaviors: 'affectionate acceptance group' (38.9%), 'active engaging group' (26.2%), and 'passive parenting group' (34.9%). Passive parenting and affectionate acceptance groups were distinguished by the conversation time between couples (p=.028, OR=5.52), ideology of motherhood (p=.032, OR=4.33), and parenting stress between parent and child (p=.049, OR=0.22). Passive parenting was distinguished from active engaging group by support from spouses for participating in multicultural support centers or relevant programs (p=.011, OR=2.37), and ideology of motherhood (p=.001, OR=16.65). Ideology of motherhood was also the distinguishing factor between affectionate acceptance and active engaging groups (p=.041, OR=3.85). Conclusion: Since immigrant women's parenting type depends on their ideology of motherhood, parenting stress, and spousal relationships in terms of communication and support to help their child-raising and socio-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to provide them with systematic education and support, as well as interventions across personal, family, and community levels.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.137-153
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• 2024

This study synthesized the literature to identify parental psychosocial impact and related factors on newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) process. A scoping review, using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), was conducted. A literature search was performed of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, DBpia) from 2000 to 2023. In total 749 published articles were identified, and 32 articles were included for the final analysis. Almost studies were descriptive studies using survey or interviews and only one intervention study to reduce negative psychosocial impacts was identified. Parents were experiencing negative psychosocial impacts, particularly related to how positive results were initially communicated and had difficulties accessing timely and reliable information. Findings identified that knowledge, quality and satisfaction of education and communication, information sources and providers as related factors of parental psychosocial impacts. Prenatal and postpartum repeated education, providing timely and reliable information, effective communication between health care providers and parents were key to mitigate negative psychosocial impacts. Nurses can play important roles to improve quality on NBS.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

Objectives : Neurological soft signs have been regarded as endophenotypes associated with the genetic basis of schizophrenia. This study was to investigate the intra-familial correlations of the neurological soft signs according to their genetic loading. Methods : Schizophrenic patients(N=14) were included, who had one parent with a family history of schizophrenia and the other without it. Genetic loading was determined by the patient's family history of schizophrenia using the Family Interview for Genetic Studies(FIGS). These parents were subdivided into two groups. The first group was designated as 'presumed carriers'(N=9) of genetic loading, who had one or more schizophreic firstor second-degree relatives. The second group was designated as 'presumed non-carriers'(N=11) of genetic loading, who had no schizophrenic first- or second-degree relatives. Normal controls(N=12) consisted of people without schizophrenic relatives. NSS were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale-Korean Version (NES-K), and the intra-familial correlations of NSS were tested using the Intra-Class Coefficients(ICC) method. Results : The scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K were significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed carriers(ICC=.804, p=.016), but not significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed noncarriers. In other subdimensions of NES-K, no significant correlation were found between the patients and their parents regardless of the genetic loading. But, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K between the patients and controls. Conclusion : This study did not prove that the neurological soft signs might be an endophenotype of schizophrenia that cosegregate with the genetic loading. The future study using more subjects than this would be needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-27
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• 1995

One of the important tasks for new parents, especially mothers, is to establish warm, mutually affirming interpersonal relationships with the new baby in the family, with the purpose of promoting the health development of the child and the well-being of the whole family. Nurses assess the quality of the behavioral characteristics of the maternal-infant interaction. The purpose of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the changes of the mother - infant interactions from postpartum 1 day to postpartum 8weeks of the transition to parenthood. The aim was to contribute to the development of theoretical under standing on which to base care toward promoting the quality of maternal - infant interaction. Data were collect ed directly by the investigator and at rained from Jul, 1, 1990 to Jun 8, 1991, Subjects were a random sample of 44 mothers, 44 who had a normal delivery (but with out other perinatal complications) at four general hospitals in Seoul. Instruments used were the Stainton Parent-infant Interaction Scale (1981). The first observations were made in the delivery room, followed by day 1, day 2, day 3 and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after, birth, for a total of 8 contacts. Observations in the hospital were made during the hour prior to scheduled feedings. The infant was placed beside the mother. Later contacts were made at home. Data analysis was don by computer using as SPSS program and included, Paired t-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient ; the results were as follows. 1. The daily maternal-infant interaction score for the initial contact ofter birth to 8 weeks postpartum had the lowest average score 5.21 and the highest 8.02(in a range of 0-10). This subject group of mothers needed Extra nursing supporting to promote their maternal-infant interaction. 2. The daily scores for the maternal-infant interaction tended to rise, showing a gradual improvement over the period of eight weeks. However, there were significantly different increases in maternal-infant interaction only from the first to second day (p=0.000) and from the fourth to sixth weeks ofter birth.(p=0.000) 3. When the seven items of maternal-infant interaction were evaluated items of maternal-infant inter action were evaluated separately, "Care taking for the baby" had the highest average score, 1.60(in a range of 0-2) and "Speaks to baby" the lowest, 0.8. All items, suggested the subjects' need of nursing intervention to promote maternal-infant interaction 4. There were positive correlations between certain general characteristics, namely, both a higher economic status (p=0.027) and breast feeding (p=0.021) and maternal-infant interaction.