• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.286-293
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the set up accuracy using stereotactic body frame and frameless immobilizer for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). For total 40 lung cancer patients treated by SBRT, 20 patients using stereotactic body frame and other 20 patients using frameless immobilizer were separately enrolled in each group. The setup errors of each group depending on the immobilization methods were compared and analyzed. All patients received the dose of 48~60 Gy for 4 or 5 fractions. Before each treatment, a patient was first localized to the treatment isocenter using room lasers, and further aligned with a series of image guidance procedures; orthogonal kV radiographs, cone-beam CT, orthogonal fluoroscopy. The couch shifts during these procedures were recorded and analyzed for systematic and random errors of each group. Student t-test was performed to evaluate significant difference depending on the immobilization methods. The setup reproducibility was further analyzed using F-test with the random errors excluding the systematic setup errors. In addition, the ITV-PTV margin for each group was calculated. The setup errors for SBF were $0.05{\pm}0.25cm$ in vertical direction, $0.20{\pm}0.38cm$ in longitudinal direction, and $0.02{\pm}0.30cm$ in lateral direction, respectively. However the setup errors for frameless immobilizer showed a significant increase of $-0.24{\pm}0.25cm$ in vertical direction while similar results of $0.06{\pm}0.34cm$, $-0.02{\pm}0.25cm$ in longitudinal and lateral directions. ITV-PTV margins for SBF were 0.67 cm (vertical), 0.99 cm (longitudinal), and 0.83 cm (lateral), respectively. On the other hand, ITV-PTV margins for Frameless immobilizer were 0.75 cm (vertical), 0.96 cm (longitudinal), and 0.72 cm (lateral), indicating less than 1 mm difference for all directions. In conclusion, stereotactic body frame improves reproducibility of patient setup, resulted in 0.1~0.2 cm in both vertical and longitudinal directions. However the improvements are not substantial in clinic considering the effort and time consumption required for SBF setup.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

Handwritten character recognition is classified into on-line handwritten character recognition and off-line handwritten character recognition. On-line handwritten character recognition has made a remarkable outcome compared to off-line hacdwritten character recognition. This method can acquire the dynamic written information such as the writing order and the position of a stroke by means of pen-based electronic input device such as a tablet board. On the contrary, Any dynamic information can not be acquired in off-line handwritten character recognition since there are extreme overlapping between consonants and vowels, and heavily noisy images between strokes, which change the recognition performance with the result of the preprocessing. This paper proposes a method that effectively extracts the stroke including dynamic information of characters for off-line Korean handwritten character recognition. First of all, this method makes improvement and binarization of input handwritten character image as preprocessing procedure using watershed algorithm. The next procedure is extraction of skeleton by using the transformed Lu and Wang's thinning: algorithm, and segment pixel array is extracted by abstracting the feature point of the characters. Then, the vectorization is executed with a maximum permission error method. In the case that a few strokes are bound in a segment, a segment pixel array is divided with two or more segment vectors. In order to reconstruct the extracted segment vector with a complete stroke, the directional component of the vector is mortified by using right-hand writing coordinate system. With combination of segment vectors which are adjacent and can be combined, the reconstruction of complete stroke is made out which is suitable for character recognition. As experimentation, it is verified that the proposed method is suitable for handwritten Korean character recognition.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

Purpose: The way check the movement of the fiducial marker insertion in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. However the existing methods of fiducial marker verification process difficult to identify the specific location of the marker behind the femur and pelvic bone. So to study the evaluation of maker match with using kilo voltage (KV) X-ray by On-board imager to both oblique verification method. Materials and Methods: Five patients were selected for rectal ballooning and inserted fiducial marker. Compare the position of the fiducial marker of reference plan 2D/2D Anterior/Posterior verification method and 2D/2D both oblique verification method. So to measurement the shift score of X, Y, Z (axis) and measure exposure dose given to patients and compare matching time. Results: 2 dimensional OBI KV X-ray imaging using two-dimensional matching image are orthogonal, so locating fiducial marker matching clear and useful DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) OBI souce angle ($45^{\circ}/315^{\circ}$) matching most useful. 2D/2D both oblique verification method was able to see clearly marker behind the pelvic bone. Also matching time can be reduced accordingly. According to the method of each matching results for each patient in each treatment fraction, X, Y, and Z axis the Mean $value{\pm}SD$ (standard deviation) is X axis (AP/LAT: $0.4{\pm}1.67$, OBLIQUE: $0.4{\pm}1.82$) mm, Y axis (AP/LAT: $0.7{\pm}1.73$, OBLIQUE: $0.2{\pm}1.77$) mm, Z axis (AP/LAT: $0.8{\pm}1.94$, OBLIQUE:$1.5{\pm}2.8$) mm. In addition, the KV X-ray source dose radiation exposure given to the patient taking average when AP/LAT matching is (0.1/2.1) cGY, when $315^{\circ}/45^{\circ}$ matching is (0.27/0.26) cGY. Conclusion: In conclusion for inserted fiducial marker of prostate cancer patients 2D/2D both oblique matching method is more accurate verification than 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Also the matching time less than the 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Taken as the amount of radiation exposure to patients less than was possible. Suggest would improve the treatment quality of care patients more useful to establish a protocol such as case.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.133-152
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• 2015

Some artists and scientists in physics and animation originating from research on its form of expression thanks to the rapid development of the example in the late 20th century image production technology integrating existing media feature, perform a re-creation and pop culture content has been recognized as a key factor. animation of the modern emphasis is also commercial and artistic activities as show whether the artist can not be excluded that also target audience. The audience does not want only to receive offers simply 'seeing' and 'hearing' in the animation requires a more indirect mental met. the other side, the director should lead the audience to immerse myself in work as intended mystification induce the world. where a conflict occurs between the audience and the director and The director needs to have its troubleshooting point to 'Technology of the communication'. Which is reduced to 'How will tell,' is technology communication technologies that are abbreviated representations of animation director is accessible to the audience and it is a close relationship between the psychological aspect of audience. Because, the audience is reproduced in a limited space, but he called on the board of directors and the same time the screen, the audience located at reception and the director located at provide. It is given. led force is given to the director. for this reason, The director needs to pay attention to the psychological aspect of audience this can be explained based on psychoanalytic theory. In this paper, "How can you lie to the audience and the director is the same line?" put down logic that is the animation audience under the logic that takes place visually capture phenomenon "selective attention" and sub-concept of "goal-directed selection' and 'stimulus-driven capturel' for theory of psychology. also, Induction device to elicit selective attention of the audience accordingly, let's consider whether and how they apply in animation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.61-87
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• 2017

National Assembly is a constitutional institution that is required to first consult the will of the people and it should do its effort continuously so that security of citizens using parking lot would be enhanced at the same time while improving parking service in order to increase customer satisfaction of the people. Under this recognition, in this study, Doonchi parking lot of National Assembly under consigned management was first reviewed in a perspective of criminal prevention through environmental design(CPTED) and particularly, fence installation and reinforcement work for securing 'territoriality' and operation of all round shooting camera and installation of No-trespassing warning board at entrance were suggested. Second, it was recommended to change independent control system in which CCTV security system of National Assembly Doonchi parking lot is operated separately from National Assembly safety situation room and integrate it with National Assembly safety situation room(revised to double safety system) and performance of CCTV camera was made to be increased to over 2m. In addition, video recording mode was converted to NVR mode for application to IP camera in the future and in order to avoid dead zone of security monitoring area and based on site inspection result, addition 3 places of newly installing CCTV were indicated. Third, it was recommended to introduce parking fare billing and management system through unmanned equipment in parking lot management and operation.(specialized management of professional parking service provider was reviewed). By doing so, risk of cash handling by charging personnel was removed by reducing current 7 working personnel to 3 and particularly, by converting parking lot management mode being operated temporarily from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. at present to 24 hours operation mode and providing more specialized parking service, citizens visiting National Assembly were provided with convenience and image of National Assembly was also enhanced. This study was carried out in parallel with various literature and case studies, including data from the Office of the Defense Protection in the National Assembly.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_2
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• pp.1523-1535
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• 2020

In order to produce crop information using remote sensing, we use classification and growth monitoring based on crop phenology. Therefore, time-series satellite images with a short period are required. However, there are limitations to acquiring time-series satellite data, so it is necessary to use fusion with other earth observation satellites. Before fusion of various satellite image data, it is necessary to overcome the inherent difference in radiometric characteristics of satellites. This study performed Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-3 (KOMPSAT-3) cross calibration with Landsat-8 as the first step for fusion. Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Reflectance was compared by applying Spectral Band Adjustment Factor (SBAF) to each satellite using hyperspectral sensor band aggregation. As a result of cross calibration, KOMPSAT-3 and Landsat-8 satellites showed a difference in reflectance of less than 4% in Blue, Green, and Red bands, and 6% in NIR bands. KOMPSAT-3, without on-board calibrator, idicate lower radiometric stability compared to ladnsat-8. In the future, efforts are needed to produce normalized reflectance data through BRDF (Bidirectional reflectance distribution function) correction and SBAF application for spectral characteristics of agricultural land.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Purpose : We compared the set-up accuracy and right-left Shoulder position variation of the manufactured device and other commercial shoulder-retractors in the head and neck radiation treatment. Materials and Methods : Six patients consist of three groups which were used three different Shoulder retractors. We measured position corrections of left and right Shoulder and the couch after the image guidance by using on board imager (OBI) for six head and neck patients who has the extended target to the neck node lower region. Results : The position variation correction of left (right) Shoulder after image guidance were $1.07{\pm}3.99mm$ ($-4.35{\pm}2.09mm$), $-0.37{\pm}5.91mm$ ($1.26{\pm}5.28mm$), $-0.63{\pm}2.44mm$ ($0.25{\pm}1.61mm$) for group A, B and C. The vertical, lateral, longitudinal position and angular corrections of the couch after image guidance were $-2.06{\pm}2.68$, $-1.11{\pm}8.15$, $0.34{\pm}3.78mm$, and $0.51{\pm}0.77$ degree for group A, $-1.18{\pm}1.82$, $-0.94{\pm}2.13$, $-0.67{\pm}1.98mm$, and $0.91{\pm}1.04$ degree for group B and $0.12{\pm}2.18$, $-0.79{\pm}2.64$, $0.79{\pm}2.64$, and $0.00{\pm}0.49$ degree for group C. Conclusion : In this preliminary study, we found the positioning accuracy of the manufactured Shoulder retractor is comparable to other commercial Shoulder retractors. We expect that the reproducibility and accuracy of the patient set-up could be improved by using the home made Shoulder retractor in the head and neck radiation treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.488-498
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• 2015

Form the observation that the successful management and operation of university websites brings about university branding effects, this paper attempts to identify the problems in relation to evaluation elements of university homepages and establish a new evaluation model that allows us to grasp the importance and priority of phased evaluation elements. In particular, we tried to secure the objectivity of the importance of department homepage evaluation elements by using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Our analysis shows that among 29 evaluation elements of department homepage, mobile service, curriculum, description of department's characteristics, guide to homepage usage/accessibility to site map and differentiated educational method were considered to be relatively important whereas the relative importance of department's slogan, differentiated image and identity, linkage to SNS, Q&A bulletin board, operation of department community, and FAQ was low. Based on the findings from our analysis, we present the basic foundation for successful management and operation of university department homepages along with a few suggestions for vitalizing those hompages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2010

In this paper, CCTV based fire surveillance system should aim to development. Advantages and Disadvantages analyzed of Existing sensor-based fire surveillance system and video-based fire surveillance system. To national support U-City, U-Home, U-Campus, etc, spread the ubiquitous environment appropriate to fire surveillance system model and a fire judgement technology. For this study, Microsoft LifeCam VX-1000 using through the capturing images and analyzed for apple and tomato, Finally we used H.264. The client uses the Linux OS with ARM9 S3C2440 board was manufactured, the client's role is passed to the server to processed capturing image. Client and the server is basically a 1:1 video communications. So to multiple receive to video multicast support will be a specification. Is fire surveillance system designed for multiple video communication. Video data from the RGB format to YUV format and transfer and fire detection for Y value. Y value is know movement data. The red color of the fire is determined to detect and calculate the value of Y at the fire continues to detect the movement of flame.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

Both teachers and learners should participate in non-face-to-face class due to COVID-19. The non-face-to-face class has brought about many problems, where they made adequate preparations for such abrupt situation. This study attempted to understand and improve problems occurring during non-face-to-face midi class. The findings are as follows: First, there were differences in equipment available to contact and non-face-to-face class. Such a problem could be improved by using Reaper, DAW which can be installed and freely utilized without any functional limits, regardless of the types of operating systems. Second, latency could not be reduced, when the screen share function of Zoom was used, since it was impossible to select audio interface's drivers in DAW. This problem was improved by again receiving audio output as input and sending it, from the perspectives of teachers. In addition, learners who used the operating system of Windows and have no audio interfaces usually suffer from latency during practices. The latency can be reduced by installing Asio4all. Third, image degradation and screen disconnection phenomena occurred due to the lack of resource. Two computers were connected by using a capture board and the screen disconnection phenomena could be improved by distributing resources and maintaining high-resolution. The system for allowing non-face-to-face midi class could be successfully established, as one more computer was connected by using Vienna Ensemble Pro and more plug-ins were used by securing additional resources. Consequently, the problems of non-face-to-face midi class could be understood and improved.