• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

For the evaluation of anti-tumor activity of Korean Oldenlandia Herb (KOH) and Radix (KOR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of KOH and KOR. They did not shown any cytotoxicity against HT1080 cell lines. However, they effectively showed anti-metastatic activity through inhibition of the adhesion of HT1080 cells to gelatin, downregulated the expression of MMP2 and uPA and upregulated the expression of TIMP2. They also inhibited tube formation of HUVECs induced by bFGF. However, they did not affect DNA topoisomerase I activity. Simiarly, the T/Cs % in KOH and KOR treated mice were increased 134.9% and 171 %, respectively at 2500 mg/kg. These results suggest that KOH and KOR exert anti-tumor activity via anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. The further study for isolation of effective compounds and its exact mechanism and comparative study with Chinese Oldenlandia Herba will be required.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2011

The pollen of 5 taxa on Korean Oldenlandia L. was investigated by LM and SEM. The pollen grains were monads, $20.7-36.0{\mu}$m in polar length, with an equatorial diameter of $21.0-38.4{\mu}m$. The pollen shapes were oblate-spheroidal or spherical (P/E ratio 0.93-1.00). The apertures numbered 3-7 in number, colporate in shape, with a colpus length of $4.2-20.4{\mu}m$ and a colpus width of $2.6-3.4{\mu}m$. The sexine was $0.9-2.4{\mu}m$ in terms of its thickness, the surface pattern was reticulate, scabrate or neither. Based on these results, the size of the pollen grain, the number of apertures, and the surface pattern of the sexine were all useful for an interspecific classification. The genus Neanotis, established via the pollen characteristics, was thought to be reviewed in its entity regarding the continuous variation of generic characteristics.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.471-477
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• 2004

Oldenlandia diffusa is a Chinese medicinal herb with antitumor activity capable of suppressing the growth of some cancer cell lines. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are triterpenoid compounds that exist in Oldenlandia diffusa. Recently, these have been noted for anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepato-protective effects. Application of both plant growth regulators, 2,4-D and kinetin, was found to be essential for the initiation of callus and suspension cells. Leaf blades of Oldenlandia diffusa was transformed into callus on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin, while optimum initiation condition for suspension cells of Oldenlandia diffusa was determined to be 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. Chromatographic separation of oleanolic acid from its derivatives was achieved using Rexchrom S5-100-ODS column. Analytical conditions for oleanolic acid were determined as follows: flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, UV length at 200 nm and mobile phase of $80\%$ acetonitrile and $20\%$ water. Production of secondary metabolites was found to be increased by the treatment with elicitors or signal transducers. The maximum production of oleanolic acid was 99.6 mg/L in cultures with 0.5 mM salicylic acid. It is 1.74 times higher than that of control.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Background : Despite recent advances in cancer management, prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor. Anticancer effects of herbal medicine, such as Euonymus alatus Sieb, Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxburgh, and Orostachys japonicus A. Berger, have been reported in treatment of ovarian and cervical cancers, but the systematic approaches to explain their molecular mechanism(s) have not yet been established. Objectives : To establish a basis of understanding for anti-cancer mechanisms of herbal medicine, we profiled protein expression in human ovarian and cervical cancer cells treated with the extracts from Euonymus alatus Sieb, Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxburgh and Orostachys japonicus A. Berger. Methods : Human ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3, and human cervical cancer cell line HeLa were employed in the present study. Whole protein was obtained from the cells harvested at 48 hours after the treatment with herbal water-extract, and analyzed by 2DE-based proteomic approach. Results : Various changes of protein expression induced by the herbal treatment were monitored : down-regulation of molecular chaperone (calreticulin variant), glycolytic enzymes (D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alpha-enolase), RNA processing molecules (hnRNP A2/B1), and antioxidant protein (peroxiredoxin 1). Conclusions : Repression of glycolysis has been accepted as the mechanism to increase anticancer reagent's effect. Thus, down-regulation of glycolytic enzymes by the herbal extracts suggested a possible synergistic effect of herbs in the presence of platinum-based therapeutics. In further study, as well as the synergistic effect of the herbs, it has to be further validated whether artificial regulation of hnRNP A2/B1 in ovarian cancer cells affects various cancer survival factors, since RNA processing can be interrupted by deranged expression of hnRNP subtypes, and it results in an inhibition of cancer cell growth.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.863-876
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects of single and mixed extracts of Ulmus davidiana (UD) and Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) on azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colonic neoplasms in mice. Methods: AOM/DSS induces colitis-associated colonic neoplasms in mice. Mice were divided into seven groups: normal-no inducement and no treatment; control-colonic neoplasms with no treatment; UD-colonic neoplasms and treatment with UD; OD-colonic neoplasms and treatment with OD; UD1+OD1-colonic neoplasms and treatment with UD1 and OD1. UD1+OD2-colonic neoplasms and treatment with UD1 and OD2; UD2+OD1-colonic neoplasms and treatment with UD2 and OD1. Single and mixed preparations of UD and OD were applied to mice for six weeks. The colon length and weight and histopathologic changes of colon tissue were observed. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and interferon-gamma ($INF-{\gamma}$) were measured by RT-PCR. Results: The colon length was significantly increased in OD, UD1+OD2, and UD2+OD1 mice, and the colon weight was significantly decreased in OD and UD1+OD2 mice. The morphological change of colon epithelial cells was more suppressed in complex-treatment groups than in single-treatment groups. The inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell invasion was especially shown in UD1+OD2 mice. The serum level of the pro-inflammatory $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in all complex-treatment groups, and the IL-6 level was decreased in UD1+OD1 mice. Single-treatment groups had an increase in the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptosis regulator Bax, and UD2+OD1 decreased the mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis regulator Bcl-2. The mRNA expression of $INF-{\gamma}$ associated with inflammation was decreased in OD and UD1+OD2 mice. Conclusions: This study suggests that single and mixed extracts of Ulmus davidiana and Oldenlandia diffusa have anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects on AOM/DSS-induced colonic neoplasms in mice. Therefore, we conclude that UD, OD, and a mixture of UD and OD are potential therapeutic agents for colitis-associated colonic neoplasms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2014

Oldenlandia diffusa, Cremastra appendiculata and Fritillaria thunbergii are widely distributed in the Korea, China and Japan, and has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis, goiter and stomach ulcer. However, the anti-cancer activities in human breast cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, it was compared the in vitro cytotoxic effects of single and complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. We treat human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. And we evaluated viability, growth inhibition, morphological changes, apoptotic bodies formation, measurement of the cell cycle and formation of DNA fragmentation of these cells. It was found that single treatment of O. diffusa could inhibit the cell proliferation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. However, complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii is weakly or not affect the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. And anti-proliferative effects of O. diffusa in MCF-7 cells was associated with G1 arrest of cell cycle. These findings suggest that O. diffusa may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human breast cancer cells and further studies will be needed to identify the molecular mechanisms.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.309-329
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• 1996

There are the Seven Effect of Drugs and unique processing methods in Chinese traditional medicine. The Seven Effects are single effrect(單行), additive effect(相加, 相須), synergic effect(上乘, 相使), antagonistic effect(相畏, 拮抗), inhibitory effect(相惡), neutralizing effect(相殺) and opposite effect(相反). We are interested in synergic effects of some drugs and components ; Addition of OLDENLANDIA DIFFUSA to Kilkyungtang combanation enhanced the cytotoxic activity of Kilkyungtang against A549 and B16-Fo eells by 20% and 50%, respectively. The Oldenlandia-added kilkyungtang also potentiated the cytotoxicities of mitomycine Cand 5-fluorouracil. ar-tunnerone. isolated from the root of Curcuma longa, potentiated the cytotoxic activity of sesquiphellandrene(isolated from the same root), aurapten(isolated from Aurantii semen)or cyclophosphamide by 10 times. The purpose of the processing(修治) of Chinese grugs is to remove unusable parts of plants and to eliminate toxicities as well as to produse new active components in drugs. On a occasion of study on the anthelmintic drugs against the chinese fluke(Clonorchis sinesis, (肝디스토마), we have observed that the processed mume fruit(鳥梅) possessed a very very potent clonorchicidal effect, while the methanol extract of the non-processed fruit inactive. The active component was isolated from the processed mume and identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl aldehyde. This substance dose not occur in the immature fruit and was found only in the processed one. Wehave heated the immature fruit in an oven at $90^{\circ}C$ for 52 hrs and found that the heated fruit eame clonorchidal. As demonstrated in these and other example cited in this presentation, the natural products chemistry is contributory to univeiling the drug effect ensued from the processing and the synergic effect of Oriental medical drug combinations, and to rationalization or modernization of the traditional medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.408-412
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• 2004

For the evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Korean Oldenlandiae Herb (OH) and Radix (OR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of Korean Oldenlandiae Herba and Radix. After administration of methanol extracts of Korean OH and OR for 7 days, Balb/C mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells. Four days later, splenic leukocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Rosette forming cells and plaque forming cells were significantly increased in Korean OH and OR treated mice compared with PBS treated control. Korean OH and OR also enhanced T and B lymphocytes, macrophage and natural killer cells by flowcytometric analysis. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 levels were increased by OH and OR compared with untreated control. These results suggest that Korean OH and OR have immunomodulatory activity through regulation of cell-mediated immune and humoral immune response.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.523-533
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• 1997

Ursolic acid(UA) was isolated from Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba, one of the commonly used medicinal herbs for the treatment of cancer. IC50 of UA against cancer cell lines as SNU-1, B16-Fo. SK-OV3, HCT15, XF498, SK-MEL and A549 was $6{\mu}g/ml$, 4$4.4{\mu}g/ml$, $4.5{\mu}g/ml$, $4.6{\mu}g/ml$ and $4.2{\mu}g/ml$ respectively suggesting cytotoxicity against cancer cells. DNA fragmentation was expressed from the concnetration of $5.5{\mu}g/ml$ of UA by agarose electrphoresis. In the observation of morphological changes by phase contrast microscope, SEM and TEM, cell injury and condensation of cytoplasm from nucleus began 4 hr after UA treatment. fragmentaion of nucleus and injury of cell membrane was shown 24 hr after UA treatmeilt with SNU-1 cells. Aurin tricarboxic acid as endonuclease inhibitor. and nicotinamide as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor protected over 50% of cytotoxicity of UA against SNU-1 was at the concentrations of $3{\mu}M$ and $300{\mu}M$ respectively suggesting UA acts on nucleus. These results suggest that UA had antimetastatic effect and induced apoptosis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammorty properties of herbs via MAPKs such as ERK, p38, JNK. Fifty-one kinds of each herbal medicine, that were extracted with ethanol, were used in the inhibitory assay of cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) and NO. of these, 10 species of herbal medicines, Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes lancea, Cnidium officinale, Duchesnea chrysantha, Oldenlandia diffusa, Lonicera japonica, Paeonia lactiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Rehmannia glutinosa and Rubus coreanus, were screened as potential inhibitors (< $300{\mu}g/mL$) of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Among the 10 species, Lonicera japonica showed potential anti-inflammatory effects Lonicera japonica extract of $200{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, Lonicera japonica extract at 20 mg/kg increased survival rate from LPS-induced endotoxin shock by 3 fold.