• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.46.1-46.10
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• 2023

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the predominant type of colorectal cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of COAD patients. Anoctamin 7 (ANO7), an anion channel protein, has been implicated in prostate cancer and other types of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of ANO7 and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics among COAD patients using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN) databases. The GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the Survival Genie platform were employed for survival analysis. The co-expression network and potential function of ANO7 in COAD were analyzed using GeneFriends, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), GeneMANIA, and Pathway Studio. Our data analysis revealed a significant reduction in ANO7 expression levels within COAD tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, ANO7 expression was found to be associated with race and histological subtype. The COAD patients exhibiting low ANO7 expression had lower survival rates compared to those with high ANO7 expression. The genes correlated with ANO7 were significantly enriched in proteolysis and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, ANO7 demonstrated a direct interaction and a positive co-expression correlation with mucin 2 (MUC2). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ANO7 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and potentially plays a role in proteolysis and mucin biosynthesis in the context of COAD.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are representative air pollutants due to their detrimental effects on human health and their role in formation of secondary organic aerosols. Assessments and monitoring programs of VOCs using periodic grab sampling like Tedlar bags, canisters, and sorbent traps provide limited information, often with delay times of days or weeks. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is an emerging analytical technique for the real-time quantification of VOCs in air. It relies on chemical ionization of the VOCs molecules in air introduced into helium carrier gas using $H_3O^+$, $NO^+$, and $O_2{^+}$ precursor ions. Real-time monitoring method of 60 VOCs in the ambient air was developed using TO-15 standard gas mixture. Calibration curves, method detection limit, and quantitation reproducibility of the target compounds were tested. Dynamic dilution system was used to dilute standard gas from 0.174 ppbv to 100 ppbv, where calibration curves showed good linearity with $r^2$> 0.95 in all target analytes. Limit of detection (LOD) all compounds were sub ppbv, and some halogenated compounds showed pptv levels. Seven consecutive analyses of target compounds showed good repeatability with relative standard deviation of less than 10%. One day monitoring of VOCs in ambient air was conducted in Geoje. Average concentration of target VOCs in Geoje were relatively lower than other regions, among which formaldehyde showed the highest concentration ($15.4{\pm}5.78ppbv$). SIFT-MS provided good temporal resolution data (1 data per 3.2 minute), which can be used for identifying ephemeral short-term event. It is expected that SIFT-MS will be a versatile monitoring platform for VOCs in ambient air.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2013

In this study, a micro gas sensor for $NO_x$ was fabricated using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology and sol-gel process. The membrane and micro heater of the sensor platform were fabricated by a standard MEMS and CMOS technology with minor changes. The sensing electrode and micro heater were designed to have a co-planar structure with a Pt thin film layer. The size of the gas sensor device was about $2mm{\times}2mm$. Indium oxide as a sensing material for the $NO_x$ gas was synthesized by a sol-gel process. The particle size of synthesized $In_2O_3$ was identified as about 50 nm by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The maximum gas sensitivity of indium oxide, as measured in terms of the relative resistance ($R_s=R_{gas}/R_{air}$), occurred at $300^{\circ}C$ with a value of 8.0 at 1 ppm $NO_2$ gas. The response and recovery times were within 60 seconds and 2 min, respectively. The sensing properties of the $NO_2$ gas showed good linear behavior with an increase of gas concentration. This study confirms that a MEMS-based gas sensor is a potential candidate as an automobile gas sensor with many advantages: small dimension, high sensitivity, short response time and low power consumption.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2007

Acori graminei Rhizomn (AGR) is a perennial herb which has been used clinically as a traditional oriental medicine against stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. We investigated the effect of AGR on the modulation of gene expression profile in a hypoxic model of cultured rat cortical cells. Rat cerebrocortical cells were grown in Neurobasal medium. On DIV12, cells were treated with AGR $(10ug/m\ell)$, given a hypoxic shock (2% $O_2$, 3 hr) on DIV14, and total RNAs were prepared one day after shock. Microarray analyses indicated that the expression levels of most genes were altered within the global M values +0.5 and -0.5, i.e., 40% increase or decrease. There were 750 genes which were upregulated by < global M +0,2, while 700 genes were downregulated by > global M -0.2. The overall profile of gene expression suggests that AGR suppresses apoptosis (upregulation of anti-apopotic genes such as TEGT, TIEG, Dad, p53, and downregulation of pro-apopotic genes such as DAPK, caspase 2, pdcd8), ROS (upregulation of RARa, AhR), and that AGR has neurotrophic effects (upregulation of Aktl, Akt2). These results provide a platform for investigation of the molecular mechanism of the effect of AGR in neuroprotection.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.5062-5079
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• 2017

Malicious insider threats have increased recently, and methods of the threats are diversifying every day. These insider threats are becoming a significant problem in corporations and governments today. From a technology standpoint, detecting potential insider threats is difficult in early stage because it is unpredictable. In order to prevent insider threats in early stage, it is necessary to collect all of insiders' data which flow in network systems, and then analyze whether the data are potential threat or not. However, analyzing all of data makes us spend too much time and cost. In addition, we need a large repository in order to collect and manage these data. To resolve this problem, we develop an indicator-based behavior ontology (IB2O) that allows us to understand and interpret insiders' data packets, and then to detect potential threats in early stage in network systems including social networks and company networks. To show feasibility of the behavior ontology, we developed a prototype platform called Insider Threat Detecting Extractor (ITDE) for detecting potential insider threats in early stage based on the behavior ontology. Finally, we showed how the behavior ontology would help detect potential inside threats in network system. We expect that the behavior ontology will be able to contribute to detecting malicious insider threats in early stage.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 박테리아 셀룰로오스(BC)와 같은 천연고분자에 전도성 고분자 PEDOT:PEG와 graphene, 은나노와이어(AgNW)를 코팅하여 전도성을 부여하고자 하였다. 미리 PEDOT:PEG와 황산을 10~20%를 혼합하여 그 용액을 전자 스핀 코팅으로 BC 기판에 코팅하였다. 그 후, 전도성을 향상시키고자 graphene과 AgNW로 코팅하여 hall effect로 측정하였다. 그 결과, 대조군 PEDOT:PEG로 코팅한 BC 막의 전자농도($2.487{\times}10^{10}/cm^3$)에 비해 PEDOT:PEG에 황산을 10%로 혼합하여 코팅시킨 BC막($8.093{\times}10^{15}/cm^3$) 쪽이 $3.25{\times}10^5$배 높은 값을 나타내는 것으로 전도도가 대폭 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, SEM분석으로 PEDOT:PEG가 황산처리에 의해 폴리머 형상으로 변화된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 분자구조의 변화를 FTIR분석결과 $1200cm^{-1}$ 파장의 S-O그룹이 황산처리 전에 비해 황산 혼합한 쪽에서 크게 상승된 것이 확인되었다. 이 방법을 이용하여 소량의 PEDOT:PEG사용으로 투명성을 확보할 수 있으며 미리 황산을 처리하는 것으로 제조공정을 단순하게 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.141-162
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• 2017

IMF 외환위기 이후 기업의 주기적인 구조조정과 최근 경기 불황의 지속에 따른 명예퇴직, 조기퇴직이 증가하고, 고용 없는 경제성장으로 기업의 신규채용이 증가하지 않는다. 본 연구는 이러한 창업시장이 확대되는 사회적, 경제적 환경과 프랜차이즈 산업의 장 단점 및 산업환경에 따른 기회와 위기에 주목하여 외식프랜차이즈를 중심으로 SWOT요인의 상대적 중요도와 우선순위를 제안하고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 SWOT요인들의 중요도를 분석하기 위해 AHP분석과 ANP분석을 실시하였으며 호환성에 문제가 없어 AHP 분석 결과를 활용하여 중요도 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 첫째, SWOT 분석에서 내부적 요인 중 강점요인을 약점요인보다 중요하게 생각하고 있으며 외부적 요인 중 기회요인을 위기요인보다 중요하게 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 국내 외식프랜차이즈 사업이 갖는 약점요인과 위기요인이 있긴 하지만 이러한 부정적인 요인보다는 강점요인과 기회요이 갖는 긍정적인 점을 더 중요하게 판단하여 국내 외식프랜차이즈의 전체적인 성장 가능성을 높이 평가한 결과라 할 것이다. 둘째, 강점요인 중에서는 업체그룹은 검증된 비즈니스모델 사용으로 사업안정화(S3)가 가장 중요도가 높았으며 전문가그룹은 가맹본부의 표준화된 제품(서비스) 및 경영지원(S2)이 가장 중요도가 높았다. 셋째, 약점요인 중에는 가맹본부와의 불리한 지위에서 협상 및 해결(W3)과 계약기간 내 계약파기 어려움과 파기 시 막대한 손실발생(W4)의 중요도 합계가 60%에 이른다. 넷째, 기회요인 중에서는 라이프 스타일, 가치관, 소비의식 구조의 변화(O3)가 압도적으로 중요하게 나왔다. 다섯째, 위기요인 중에서는 소비시장이 다양화에 따른 고객의 욕구변화(T1)를 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 다양하게 변할 소비자의 욕구를 어떻게 만족시킬 것인가가 국내 외식프랜차이즈의 위기를 극복하는 가장 중요한 요인임을 반증하고 있다 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.949-955
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• 2021

Previously, our research group isolated Bifidobacterium breve IDCC4401 from infant feces as a potential probiotic. For this study, we evaluated the safety of B. breve IDCC4401 using genomic and phenotypic analyses. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify genomic characteristics and investigate the potential presence of genes encoding virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile genetic elements. Phenotypic analyses including antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, production of biogenic amines (BAs), and proportion of D-/L-lactate were evaluated using E-test, API ZYM test, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and D-/L-lactic acid assay respectively. The genome of B. breve IDCC4401 consists of 2,426,499 bp with a GC content of 58.70% and 2,016 coding regions. Confirmation of the genome as B. breve was provided by its 98.93% similarity with B. breve DSM20213. Furthermore, B. breve IDCC4401 genes encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance were not identified. Although B. breve IDCC4401 showed antibiotic resistance against vancomycin, we confirmed that this was an intrinsic feature since the antibiotic resistance gene was not present. B. breve IDCC4401 showed leucine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase activities, whereas it did not show production of harmful enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. In addition, B. breve IDCC4401 did not produce any tyramine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, or 2-phenethylamine, which are frequently detected BAs during fermentation. B. breve IDCC4401 produced 95.08% of L-lactate and 4.92% of D-lactate. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the safety of B. breve IDCC 4401 as a potential probiotic for use in the food industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1155-1164
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• 2019

Lichens contain diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with various chemical and biological properties, which have been widely studied. However, details of the inhibitory mechanisms of their secondary metabolites against influenza A virus (IAV) have not been documented. Here, we investigated the antiviral effect of lichen extracts, obtained from South Korea, against IAV in MDCK cells. Of the lichens tested, Nipponoparmelia laevior (LC24) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect against IAV infection. LC24 extract significantly increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis in IAV-infected cells. The LC24 extract also markedly reduced (~ 3.2 log-fold) IAV mRNA expression after 48 h of infection. To understand the antiviral mechanism of LC24 against IAV, proteomic (UPLC-$HDMS^E$) analysis was performed to compare proteome modulation in IAV-infected (V) vs. mock (M) and LC24+IAV (LCV) vs. V cells. Based on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), LC24 inhibited IAV infection by modulating several antiviral-related genes and proteins (HSPA4, HSPA5, HSPA8, ANXA1, ANXA2, $HIF-1{\alpha}$, AKT1, MX1, HNRNPH1, HNRNPDL, PDIA3, and VCP) via different signaling pathways, including $HIF-1{\alpha}$ signaling, unfolded protein response, and interferon signaling. These molecules were identified as the specific biomarkers for controlling IAV in vitro and further confirmation of their potential against IAV in vivo is required. Our findings provide a platform for further studies on the application of lichen extracts against IAV.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

Objective : We investigated the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin, oxygen radical scavenger extracted from raspberries, after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into two groups : the vehicle-treated group (control group, n=20) received an oral administration of normal saline via stomach intubation immediately after SCI, and the anthocyanin-treated group (AT group, n=20) received 400 mg/kg of cyanidin 3-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (C3G) in the same way. We compared the neurological functions, superoxide expressions and lesion volumes in two groups. Results : At 14 days after SCI, the AT group showed significant improvement of the BBB score by $16.7{\pm}3.4%$, platform hang by $40.0{\pm}9.1%$ and hind foot bar grab by $30.8{\pm}8.4%$ (p<0.05 in all outcomes). The degree of superoxide expression, represented by the ratio of red fluorescence intensity, was significantly lower in the AT group ($0.98{\pm}0.38$) than the control group ($1.34{\pm}0.24$) (p<0.05). The lesion volume in lesion periphery was $32.1{\pm}2.4\;{\mu}L$ in the control and $24.5{\pm}2.3\;{\mu}L$ in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05), and the motor neuron cell number of the anterior horn in lesion periphery was $8.3{\pm}5.1$ cells/HPF in the control and $13.4{\pm}6.3$ cells/HPF in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : Anthocyanin seemed to reduce lesion volume and neuronal loss by its antioxidant effect and these resulted in improved functional recovery.