• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2021

This study is a review study attempted to analyze the current situation of surgical robots based on previous research on surgical robots in the era of the 4th revolution, and to forecast the future direction of surgical robots. Surgical robots have made full progress since the launch of the da Vinci and the surgical robot is playing a role of supporting the surgeries of the surgeons or the master-slave method reflecting the intention of the surgeons. Recently, technologies are being developed to combine artificial intelligence and big data with surgical robots, and to commercialize a universal platform rather than a platform dedicated to surgery. Moreover, technologies for automating surgical robots are being developed by generating 3D image data based on diagnostic image data, providing real-time images, and integrating image data into one system. For the development of surgical robots, cooperation with clinicians and engineers, safety management of surgical robot, and institutional support for the use of surgical robots will be required.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to construct and verify a structural equation model of advance directive intent among a Korean group in their middle-age. Methods: Data were collected between May 1 and 30, 2017, from 398 people. The endogenous and exogenous variables of the hypothetical model consisted of elderly parents' care burden, health status, attitude towards withdrawal of life sustaining treatment, advance directive efficacy, and advance directive intent. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 and Mplus 7.4. Results: The hypothetical model demonstrated a good fit: χ2=223.79(df=109, p<.001), CMIN/df=2.05 CFI=.96, TLI=.96, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.06. Elderly parents' care burden and health status showed statistically significant direct effects with attitude toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment(β=.17, p=.001; β=.21, p<.001) and advance directive efficacy(β=.11, p=.040; β=.19, p=.002), respectively. Attitude toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment and advance directive efficacy showed statistically significant direct effects on advance directive intent(β=.15, p=.007; β=.48, p<.001). Elderly parents' care burden and health status had a significant indirect effect on advance directive intent through attitude toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment(β=.01, p=.041; β=.05, p=.036) and advance directive efficacy(β=.06, p=.049; β=.16, p=.006), respectively. The variables accounted for 26.1% of advance directive intent of the Korean group in their middle-age. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an advance directive education program based on variables affecting advance directive intent for individuals in their middle-age.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 1999

To investigate the actual condition of the adult-smoking in Chinan County. I used self-reporting questionnaires among 923 residents living in nine districts selected at random among the sites of eleven eup-myons from December 28. 1998 to January 6. 1999. collected data and analyized using SPSS. The smoking rate of adults in Chinan County was $36.9\%$. There was a significant difference in smoking rate according to the age. gender, education and job among general characteristics. The smoking rate in group of above 40s was about $40\%$ and that of the male took $55.5\%$ which was higher than that of female and the smoking rate of the people having high-school education was the highest$(46.2\%)$. With regard to the career. the smoking rate of the farmers ranked first$(46.1\%)$. Therefore anti-smoking business for smokers should be focused on above 40 years old, males. people having high school education and farmers. As the result of the survey of smoking habits of 340 people who smoke currently, the average smoking begining age was 21.8 and $81.5\%$ among them was between 16-25 years old. $4.4\%$ was under 15. during around the elementary school. Most motives to smoke were as followed; curiosity or taste$(33.6\%)$, relief of stress $(31.2\%)$, peer presure$(26.5\%)$ And considering the amount of the cigarette which is smoked per day, the case which is less than a pack of cigarettes was highest as $75.5\%$ and the people who smoke over one pack of cigarettes took $24.5\%$. As for the kind of tobacco which is smoked, how to smoke and the desire for the smoking, most case was toxin was moderate$(47.8\%)$ or mild$(46.9\%)$. shallowly$(49.0\%)$ or deeply$(46.3\%)$ and under stress$(33.4\%)$. after meals$(27.8\%)$, during drink$(15.7\%)$ and so on. The highest point marked among the factors of smoking motives was 'the reduce of negative emotion' $(3.27\pm1.00)$. followed by 'uncomfortable habits' $(2.87\pm1.02)$, 'addiction' $(2.84\pm1.06)$. 'habit' $(2.74\pm1.12)$. 'pleasure' $(2.70\pm1.04)$. 'stimulus' $(2.59\pm.90)$, 'sensation-exercise satisfaction' $(2.42\pm.97)$. Smokers smoke to reduce the negative emotions when angry in most common case. depressed. anxious. uncomfortable. lone. ashamed or embarrased. and intend to solve the certain problem. etc. Other motives are uncomfortable habit. addiction. habit. pleasure and the pursuit of stimulus. The level of nicotine dependence of adults m Chinan County was 10.57 which amount to 'high' wholly. As the resulf of the level of nicotine dependence score. the people who are low in the level of nicotine was $33.5\%$. the people who are high was $48.2\%$. very high was $18.4\%$. The approach for anti-smoking for smokers should be conducted differently according to the level of the nicotine. For the people who are in low level of nicotin dependence the prohibition of the smoking should be guided through the approach to foster strong will. for those who are in 'high' by acquiring proper method for the prohibition of smoking. and for those who are 'very high' the anti-smoking should be induced by providing proper program because of the possibility of the suffer from abstinence syndrome. The difference of the level of nicotine with the general characteristics of the objects had not statistically significant difference. The difference of the level of nicotine dependence accompanied by smoking habit had statistically significant difference according to the amount of smoke, the kind of tobacos. smoke inhale habit. In other words, the group of heavy smokers had higher level of the nicotine dependence than that of the light smokers relatively and the group which smoke strong taboaco has higher level of nicotine than that of which smoke mild or moderate. And the group of smokers who smoke deeply has higher level of nicotine than that who smoke shallowly or nonswallow. Aa a result of the analysis of the correlation between smoking motive factors and the level of nicotine, there was the indication that people who smoke for the decrease of the negative emotion. habit, pleasure. stimulus. sensation-exercise satisfaction had high level of the nicotine dependence. As the result of the anti-smoking will of smokers. $65.0\%$ of them had prohibition of smoking will. $29.3\%$ had no will to quit smoke. The most important reason for anti-smoking was health. $67.9\%$ had experience to try to quit smoke and the biggest reason to fail to quit smoking was the lack of the will power to keep anti-smoking. $52.8\%$ of them were advised to stop smoking from their spouses or children. only $2.8\%$ were by medical. The people who have the opinion to need anti-smoking education were $69.6\%$. Therefore when the business for the hygine of the mouth for adult is set. it should be centered on the people who have intention of prohibition of the smoking and help to quit smoking by way of other affirmative counter-program not smoking under stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1905-1915
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• 2014

This study is to examine the effect of the thinking styles and character development efficacy of childhood educational teachers on their commitment to teaching with the intention of clarifying that these two factors of childhood educational teachers are important internal variables in enhancing their dedication to teaching, and to seek ways of finding thinking styles and character development efficacy appropriate for childhood educational teachers. Childhood educational teachers at nursing schools and kindergartens located in Daejeon, Chungnam, and Chungbuk were chosen as the study objects. The results are as follows: First, it turned out that childhood educational teachers's commitment to teaching was in close relation to their judicial, monarchy, totalitarian, internal, and liberal thinking styles. As for childhood educational teachers' character development efficacy, personal efficacy and dedication to teaching showed a high level of correlation. This indicates that as childhood educational teachers preferred certain thinking styles, their commitment to teaching also could be enhanced, and that as childhood educational teachers' personal efficacy was high, their commitment to teaching was enhanced as well. Second, as for the positive effect of childhood educational teachers' thinking styles and character development efficacy on their commitment to teaching, it turned out that such factors as judicial and internal thinking styles, common teacher efficacy, and personal teacher efficacy affected professional recognition, such factors as judicial, internal, conservative, liberal thinking styles and personal teacher efficacy influenced their affection for teaching, and such factors as legislative, monarchy, anarchic, and liberal thinking styles and personal teacher efficacy affected zeal.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2012

This study aimed to clarify any factors that may have effect on the appropriateness of hospital admission and hospitalization with the intention of facilitating more efficient occupancy of hospital beds and better medical services in the aspect of their quality, minimizing unnecessary occupancy of beds, and ultimately helping patients requiring acute treatments to use immediately hospitals. This paper selected 154 Stroke patients who left neurology department of one general hospital from March, 1, 2006 to September, 31, 2010 as targets to meet the rate according to medical care security and to see the trend of recent 4 years. As study method, this paper analized medical treatment record with AEP to evaluate the appropriateness of hospital admission and stay and the collected data was computerized through SPSS 12.0. Based upon the results above, the conclusion was drawn that the higher appropriateness of hospital admission and the shorter length of hospital stay will lead to the higher appropriateness of hospitalization. In other words, it is required to provide hospitalized patients with all kinds of behaviors including medical treatments and nursing care service, management of pharmaceuticals, tests, rehabilitation and symptoms, as well as instructions and information for patients. Meanwhile, as it was found that the length of hospital stay may affect the appropriateness of hospitalization, the longer length of hospital stay may result in reduced bed turnover rate. In this light, it is necessary to organize a task force team responsible for evaluation and control of the appropriateness of hospitalization and hospital stay length to improve the quality of medical service in a medical center, so that patients can leave the center timely. Ultimately, governmental supports such as expansion of long-term care facilities will reduce the necessary length of hospital stay so that patients with stroke can receive rehabilitative treatments and long-term care service shortly after completion of acute treatments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.445-458
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• 2015

This research is aged 65 or older with chronic pain and social support, are subject to the elderly wanted to know the effect on depression and suicide intention. This research was done through targeting elderly with chronic pain who use welfare center. The data collection period from April 20 in 2014, implemented by May 20. finally 178 kinds of types of data were analyzed. The collected data is Person's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS 18.0, t-test, ANOVA. In this research results chronic pain, depression and suicide was observed a significant correlation between the degree of social support appear also showed a significant negative correlation of depression and suicide. Also, chronic pain can affect the degree of social support, suicide was identified as the most powerful variable impact on depression. The elderly with Chronic pain is more severe the higher the degree of suicide, The results were lower social support is also of increasing depression and suicide. There fore family and social care and social support services need to develop for prevent depression and suicide for the elderly, also needs programs invention for chronic pain as well.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8525-8534
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate relations among the Health Promotion Behavior, Physically, Psychological, and Social factors of the stroke patients. The subjects include the patients that were Stroke was diagnosed and being admitted to hospital. The data of total 223 stroke patients were used in analysis. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Structural Equation Analysis. As a result, The higher medical support health promotion behavior scores were higher. Health Promotion Behavior had correlations with the subjective health state(r=.56, p=.000), family support (r=.68, p=.000), medical support(r=.65, p=.000), Fatigue(r=.27, p=.004), and behavioral intentions(r=.75, p=.000). Factors Affecting Health Promotion Behaviors of the Stroke patients Physically factors of(${\beta}$=-.156, p=.014), Psychological factors of subjective health(${\beta}$ =.283, p=.001), behavioral intentions((${\beta}$=.362, p=.000), Social factors such as family support(${\beta}$=.219, p=.010), the medical support(${\beta}$=.246, p=.004) was found to be significant influence factors. In conclusion, health promotion behavior in stroke patients is subjective health, behavioral intentions, a family support. The higher medical support health promoting behavior appears score was found to be highly Psychological factors and social factors are important factors in promoting healthy behavior. Therefore, psychosocial personalized approach to maintaining the stroke health promotion, health promotion action program itdaneunde be used as basis for relapse prevention is significant.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2003

Background : In Korea, the effort to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has succeeded, but we have to maintain vigilance against SARS and other infectious diseases, because many experts warn that SARS may return or that other infectious agents could spread globally. The purpose of this study is to describe the degree of knowledge of hospital employees, assuming full responsibility for treating and attending to SARS suspected case, and to elucidate the attitude to SARS using questionnaires. Method : All employees of Kangwon university hospital were eligible for this study. We used validated questionnaires to survey demographic characteristics, the degree of knowledge of SARS, intention of treating and attending suspected cases, influence and effects of SARS on the community, and acquisition of information about SARS. Result : Based on the 251 completed surveys, out of 280 returned the score for knowledge about SARS was $72.0{\pm}13.7$, 50.6% responded positively about joining a SARS team, and 23.1% were opposed to the designation for quarantining. There was no relationship between the degree of knowledge of SARS and the attitudes to it. Most employees wanted to know how to manage SARS patients and how to prevent SARS. Conclusion : The attitudes to SARS were not affected by the level of knowledge of SARS. We suggest that national policies about SARS and other infectious diseases should be promulgated using the mass media and internet to provide information on rapidly spreading infectious agents, especially about the proper protocol for treating suspected cases and the appropriate steps to prevent or reduce the risk.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2019

This study was a quasi-experimental research of a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design for analyzing the effects of fire safety education on care worker trainees. The subjects of the study were care worker trainees of the S Care Worker Institution: 57 trainees with 28 in the experimental group, and 29 in the control group. The research period was from May 21 to June 14, 2018 and the experiments focusing on fire safety education were performed once per week for a total of four times over the research period. The data were then analyzed using a ${\chi}^2-test$ and t-test. The results showed that fire safety education is an effective source of education for increasing the knowledge on fire safety, attitudes towards fire safety, perceived behavioral control on fire safety, behavioral intention on fire safety, and fire safety behavior in addition to being incredibly useful in practicing fire safety behaviors throughout their daily lives. On the other hand, the subjective norms on fire safety did not show any significant differences. Therefore, this paper suggests a follow-up study that should focus on analyzing the effects of the subjective norms on fire safety.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.279-298
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• 2019

Many empirical studies are conducted in regards to protean career or boundaryless career. The concept and the notion of protean career and boundaryless career has extended so far. Yet, the gap in the literature exists. Previous literature focused on the relationship among protean career, boundaryless career, and subjective career success, but examined little about the influence of protean career and boundaryless career on positive career attitude or future learning readiness. Therefore, this study explores the moderating effect of supporting policy of career development among protean career orientation, boundaryless career, positive career attitude, and future learning readiness. There was moderating effect of supporting policy of career development among the relationships of protean career orientation and future learning readiness; the relationships of boundaryless career and future learning readiness. The moderating effect of supporting policy of career development implies that the intention of career development in self-directed way and learning are related. In addition, The role of HRD/HRM department which takes initiatives in career development can affect the learning readiness for future among workers.