• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of the study was to investigate the preventive effect of Acanthopanax senticosus(AS) aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) of the multiple low-does strepozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods : The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups : normal group of rats, control group of multiple low-does STZ-induced diabetic rats, NSAA group with 0.4ml normal saline(NS) aqua-acupunctured subcutaneously into Sinsu in multiple low-does STZ-induced diabetic rats, and ASAA group with 0.4ml of 20% AS aqua-acupunctured subcutaneously into Sinsu in multiple low-does STZ-induced diabetic rats. Each of AS and NS aqua-acupuncture was done subcutaneously into both loci of Sinsu taking turns everyday for 3 weeks. Thereafter the levels of serum glucose, body weight, index of kidney hypertrophy, urine glucose, urinary albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, mesangial cell and TGF-${\beta}1$ expression in glomeruli and tubular cells were measured on the determined day. Conclusions : 1. Both ASAA and NSAA groups decreased the serum glucose levels in multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to the cintrol group, and ASAA group showed more significant decreases than NSAA group. 2. Both ASAA and NSAA groups prevented the development of diabetes in multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to the control group, and ASAA group prevented more markedly the development of diabetes than NSAA group. 3. Both ASAA and NSAA groups prevented the reduction of body weight in multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to the control group, and ASAA group showed the same as the normal group. 4. Both ASAA and NSAA groups did not show any changes of the creatinine clearance in multiple low-does STZ-induced diabetic rats. 5. Both ASAA and NSAA groups prevented the excretion of urinary glucose and albumin in multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to the cintrol group, and ASAA group showed more significant prevention than NSAA group. 6. Both ASAA and NSAA groups prevented the expansion of glomerular cells and the protein expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ in multiple low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to the cintrol group, and ASAA group prevented more significantly than NSAA group.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 디지털 위상고정루프(All-digital PLL)를 구성하는 핵심 블록인 시간-디지털 변환기(Time-to-Digital Converter)를 제안하고 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 게이티드 링 오실레이터 시간-디지털 변환기(GRO-TDC)의 기본 구조에 버니어 지연단(VDL)을 이용하여 다중 위상을 얻음으로써 보다 높은 해상도를 얻을 수 있는 구조를 제안하였다. 게이티드 링 오실레이터(GRO)는 총 7개의 지연셀을 사용하였고, 버니어 지연단(VDL) 3단을 이용하여 총 21개의 다중 위상을 사용하여 시간-디지털 변환기(TDC)를 설계하였다. 제안한 회로는 $0.13{\mu}m$ 1P-6M CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계 및 구현하였다. 측정결과, 제안한 시간-디지털 변환기(TDC)의 최대 입력 주파수는 100MHz이고, 해상도는 26ps로 측정되었으며, 출력은 8-비트이며, 검출이 가능한 최대 위상 차이는 5ns의 위상 차이까지 검출이 가능하였다. 전력 소비는 측정된 Enable 신호의 크기에 따라 최소 8.4mW에서 최대 12.7mW로 측정되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2012

국내에 보유하고 있는 여주 유전자원을 대상으로 과실특성과 charantin 함량을 분석하고, 추후 유전자원을 다양한 용도로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 2010년에 선발된 수량이 높은 계통 2점의 charantin 함량을 HPLC 분석한 결과, 착과 후 일수에 따른 함량의 변이를 보였는데, BG1은 착과 후 24일 15일순으로 charantin 함량이 높게 나타나 착과 후반부에 charantin 함량이 높게 나타난 반면 BG7은 착과 후 일수가 13일에 가장 높았고, 16일 19일 순으로 charantin 함량이 높게 나타나 착과 전반부에 charantin 함량이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. Charantin 성분 함량이 높은 여주품종 선발 및 수확시기 규명을 위하여 한국, 중국, 인도, 일본 등에서 도입한 유전자원 33점과 시판종 1점중 수량이 높은 13점의 과실특성 및 charantin 함량을 HPLC 분석한 결과 charantin 함량이 높은 104615, K169995, 엔에스454을 선발하였다. 따라서 수량이 높은 13점의 여주자원중 charantin 함량이 높았던 K169995나 NS454은 새로운 품종 육성이나 가공용으로 활용할 수 있으며, 수량이 많았던 K161952나 K051434 등은 과실 생산 목적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되고, 착과후 시기별로 용도에 따라 수확을 하여 이용하면 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.427-431
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• 2017

In this paper, we discuss ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin films that have been grown on freestanding GaN (FS-GaN) using furnace oxidation. A GaN template was grown by horizontalhydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), and FS-GaN was fabricated using the laser lift off (LLO) system. To obtain ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin film, FS-GaN was oxidized at $900{\sim}1,100^{\circ}C$. Surface and cross-section of prepared ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin films were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The single crystal FS-GaNs were changed to poly-crystal ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$. The oxidized ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin film at $1,100^{\circ}C$ was peel off from FS-GaN. Next, oxidation of FS-GaNwas investigated for 0.5~12 hours with variation of the oxidation time. The thicknesses of ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin films were measured from 100 nm to 1,200 nm. Moreover, the 2-theta XRD result indicated that (-201), (-402), and (-603) peaks were confirmed. The intensity of peaks was increased with increased oxidation time. The ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ thin film was generated to oxidize FS-GaN.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2002

Rayleigh scattering and laser induced predissociative fluorescence are used to obtain two-dimensional images of temperature and species concentration in a laminar non-premixed flame of a diluted hydrogen jet. Rayleigh scattering cross-sections are experimentally obtained at 248nm. Planar images of OH and $O_2$ with tunable KrF excimer laser which has a) $0.5cm^{-1}$ linewidth, b) 0.5nm tuning range, c) 150mJ pulse energy, and d) 20ns pulse width are obtained to determine spatial distributions of OH and $O_2$. The technique is based on planar laser induced predissociative fluorescence (PLIPF) in which collisional quenching is almost avoided because of the fast predissociation. Dispersed LIPF spectra of OH and $O_2$ are also measured in a flame in order to confirm the excitation of single vibronic state of OH and $O_2$. OH and $O_2$ are excited on the $P_2$(8) and $Q_1$(11) line of the $A^2{\Sigma}^{+}({\nu}^{'}=3)-X^{2}{\Pi}({\nu}^{''}=o)$ band and R(17) line of the Schumann-Runge band $B^{3}{\Sigma}_{u}{^-}(\nu^{'}=0)-X^{3}{\Sigma}_{g}{^-}({\nu}^{''}=6)$, respectively. Fluorescence spectra of OH and Hot $O_2$ are captured and two-dimensional images of the hydrogen flame field are successfully visualized.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2011

An amorphous $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin film is one of the most commonly used materials for phase-change data storage. In this study, $Au_x(Ge_2Sb_2Te_5)_{1-x}$ thin film amorphous-to-crystalline phase-change rate were evaluated in using 658 nm laser beam. The focused laser beam with a diameter <10 ${\mu}m$ was illuminated in the power (P) and pulse duration (t) ranges of 1-17 mW and 10-460 ns, respectively, with subsequent detection of the responsive signals reflected from the film surface. We also evaluated the material characteristics, such as optical absorption and energy gap, crystalline phases, and sheet resistance of as-deposited and annealed films. The result of experiments showed that the thermal stability of the $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ film is largely improved by adding Au.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2005

2-Methyl-2-(2-methylpropenyl)-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (N FD-37) is a synthetic furonaphthoquinone compound. In this study, we determined that NFD-37 could inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages RAW 264.7. This compound inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) or prostaglandin (PG) $E_{2}$ production in dose-dependent manners, with $IC_{50}$ values of 7.2 ${\mu}M$ and 5.3 ${\mu}m$, respectively. As the positive controls, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (30 ${\mu}M$) exhibited a $57{\%}$ inhibition of NO production, and NS-398 ($1{\mu}M$) manifested a $48{\%}$ inhibition of $PGE_2$ production. The inhibitory effects of NFD-37 on NO and $PGE_2$ production were determined to occur in conjunction with the suppression of inducible NO synthase or cyclooxygenase-2 expression. NFD-37 also inhibited the production of LPS-inducible tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, at $IC_{50}$ values of 4.8-8.9 ${\mu}M$. We also determined the anti-inflammatory efficacy of NFD-37 using carrageenin-induced paw edema in experimental mice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3429-3443
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• 2013

Chemokine receptor (CCR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that contains seven transmembrane helices. Recent pharmaceutical research has focused on the antagonism of CCR2 and candidate drugs are currently undergoing clinical studies for the treatment of diseases like arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we analyzed the time dependent behavior of CCR2 docked with a potent 4-azetidinyl-1-aryl-cyclohexane (4AAC) derivative using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) for 20 nanoseconds (ns). Homology modeling of CCR2 was performed and the 4AAC derivative was docked into this binding site. The docked model of selected conformations was then utilized to study the dynamic behavior of the 4AAC enzyme complexes inside lipid membrane. MDS of CCR2-16b of 4AAC complexes allowed us to refine the system since binding of an inhibitor to a receptor is a dynamic process and identify stable structures and better binding modes. Structure activity relationships (SAR) for 4AAC derivatives were investigated and reasons for the activities were determined. Probable binding pose for some CCR2 antagonists were determined from the perspectives of binding site. Initial modeling showed that Tyr49, Trp98, Ser101, Glu291, and additional residues are crucial for 4AAC binding, but MDS analysis showed that Ser101 may not be vital. 4AAC moved away from Ser101 and the hydrogen bonding between 4AAC and Ser101 vanished. The results of this study provide useful information regarding the structure-based drug design of CCR2 antagonists and additionally suggest key residues for further study by mutagenesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.688-695
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• 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global health concern. Various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and are being used for vaccination worldwide. However, no therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed so far; therefore, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. In the present study, we evaluated several hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals as potential candidates for drug repurposing against COVID-19. Theses include asunaprevir (a protease inhibitor), daclatasvir (an NS5A inhibitor), and sofosbuvir (an RNA polymerase inhibitor). We found that asunaprevir, but not sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, markedly inhibited SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects in Vero E6 cells. Both RNA and protein levels of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly decreased by treatment with asunaprevir. Moreover, asunaprevir profoundly decreased virion release from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. A pseudoparticle entry assay revealed that asunaprevir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection at the binding step of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, asunaprevir inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation in human lung Calu-3 cells. Collectively, we found that asunaprevir displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity and therefore might be worth developing as a new drug repurposing candidate for COVID-19.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

기후변화의 원인 중 탄소배출이 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있어 탄소배출 감소의 필요성이 전 세계적으로 제기되고 탄소배출을 감소하기 위한 국제적 움직임이 가속화되고 있다. 선진국들은 녹색산업을 신성장동력 산업으로 활용하는 전략을 추진 중이며 탄소저감형도시(low carbon city)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 현재 우리나라에서 진행되고 있는 U-City 사업에 대하여 U-City 도입 이전 도시와 U-City 도입 도시의 탄소배출량 변화를 분석하여 이산화탄소 저감효과에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 U-City 도입 이전과 도입 이후의 이산화탄소 발생량을 비교, 분석하여 U-City 도입에 따른 탄소저감 효과를 정량화하고자 하였다. U-City 도입이전의 도시는 1기 신도시 중에 성남시 분당구와 고양시 일산구를 대상으로 하였으며, U-City 도입이후의 도시로는 화성동탄 U-City를 선정하여 비교한 결과 탄소배출량이 30%정도 줄어든 것으로 결과가 도출되었다.