• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

The effect of cattle sex (cow, bull, and steer) on carcass traits of quality grade factors, physicochemical, and sensory traits of Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo was evaluated. Carcass traits of 42,113 heads were collected nation-wide and 257 heads were slaughtered to analyze beef quality. Sex affected significantly marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, and quality grade of Hanwoo (p<0.05). Hanwoo steer carcasses had the highest marbling score (5.02), maturity (2.17), and texture (1.31) than those of cows and heifers. Crude fat of steers was higher than that of other cows and bulls. Steers showed the highest $L^*$(39.01), Warner-Bratzler shear force (4.03 kg), and water holding capacity (57.08%), however, there was no significant differences between those of cows and bulls. Ultimate$pH_{24}$ was shown difference among sex (5.58-5.69), however, the values remained within normal range. In sensory evaluation analyses, sex affected significantly tenderness, juiciness, and flavor (p<0.05). Also, the over all acceptability of steer beef was significantly higher than that of cow and bull beef. These results could be used as fundamental data set for further research activities to elevate Hanwoo beef qualities (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.574-581
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• 2001

The microbial properties and acid tolerance of the three kinds of Acetobacter sp. isolated from persimmon vinegar were investigated. Acid tolerance was also evaluated. Acetobacter sp. were gram negative, short rod, nonspore forming and motile. They reacted positively catalase, methyl red, oxidation fermentation, Voges-Proskauer and nitrate reduction tests and negative to hydrogen sulfide test and ONPG. Acetobacter sp. showed normal growth curve in Carr broth and there was no significant difference between isolates and (standard on) typical strains such as Acetobacter aceti (KCTC1010), Acetobacter liquefaciens (KCTC2804), Acetobacter diazotrophicus (KCTC 2859). Optimum temperature and initial ethanol concentration in incubation were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6%, respectively. Growth and acid production of Acetobacter sp. were suppressed by the concentration of above 4% acetic acid. The amount of $Mg^{++}$ release from Acetobacter sp. cells in medium was increased by acetic acid, and almost in the concentration of 6% acetic acid. Glycolysis by Acetobacter sp. had optimal pH about 6.0 to 7.0 and more stable in acidic condition than in alkalic. The $H^+-ATPase$ of Acetobacter sp. S-1 and S-3 showed a maximal activity between pH values of approximately 5.5 to 7.5 and 6.0 to 7.5, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.458-467
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• 2002

There has been proposed many simplification algorithms for effectively decreasing large-volumed polygonal surface data. These algorithms apply their own cost function for collapse to one of fundamental simplification unit, such as vertex, edge and triangle, and minimize the simplification error occurred in each simplification steps. Most of cost functions adopted in existing works use the error estimation method based on distance optimization. Unfortunately, it is hard to define the local characteristics of surface data using distance factor alone, which is basically scalar component. Therefore, the algorithms cannot preserve the characteristic features in surface areas with high curvature and, consequently, loss the detailed shape of original mesh in high simplification ratio. In this paper, we consider the vector component, such as surface orientation, as one of factors for cost function. The surface orientation is independent upon scalar component, distance value. This means that we can reconsider whether or not to preserve them as the amount of vector component, although they are elements with low scalar values. In addition, we develop a simplification algorithm based on half-edge collapse manner, which use the proposed cost function as the criterion for removing elements. In half-edge collapse, using one of endpoints in the edge represents a new vertex after collapse operation. The approach is memory efficient and effectively applicable to the rendering system requiring real-time transmission of large-volumed surface data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder with different mixing ratios on hepatic antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were induced diabetic by 50 mg/kg bw streptozotocin and randomly assigned to following experimental groups; normal diet group (DM), 0.3% and 0.6% mulberry fruit diet groups (F and 2F), 0.3% mulberry leaves diet group (M), 0.3% silkworm powder diet group (S), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% mulberry leaves diet group (FM), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% silkworm powder diet group (FS), 0.1 % mulberry fruit+0.1 % mulberry leaves+0.1% silkworm powder diet group (FMS). The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. Hepatic SOD activity was not changed significantly by any of single or combined supplementations of mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder but GSH-px and catalase activities were increased by the groups supplemented with two or three of the test ingredients (FM, FS, FMS) as compared with the DM group. Hepatic TBARS value was not reduced significantly by any of the supplementations but lipofuscin contents were significantly reduced in the FM, FS and FMS groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic mitochondria and microsomal carbonyl values were reduced by the single and combined supplementations of the test ingredients. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were increased in the all supplementation groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic total lipid and triglyceride contents were increased but cholesterol contents reduced in the supplemented groups. The effects on the enzyme activities, peroxide or its products and lipid contents were most remarkable in the FMS group. In conclusion, mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder have the favorable effects on antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in the diabetic liver and the mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder with equal ratio exert the synergistic effect expectedly to prevent diabetic complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.450-457
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• 1991

The iron status of 57 female college students was evaluated by measurements of hemoglobinCHb). hematocritCHct) and serum ferritin(Ferritin). Mean values for Hb, Hct and Ferritin were $13.9\pm$ 0.96g/dl, $41.4\pm$ 2.85% and $20.7\pm$ l5.5ng/mL respectively. Ferritin as well as Hb. Hct were not statistically different from normal distribution. although ferritin were skewed to the right. The prevalence of anemia defined by Hb < 12g/dI. Hct ~36 % and Ferritin <12ng/ml were found to be 5.3, 10.3 and 36.8%, respectively. By using Hb as a screening tool at a cutoff point of 12g/dI. 2.8% of healthy subjects will be incorrectly classified as anemic and 90.5 % of anemic as healthy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at various cutoff points of Hb and Hct. The estimates of sensitivity and specificity allow Hb 14.0g/dl as cutoff point for good predictor of anemia.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.102-108
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• 1986

This study was carried out to examine the effects of seasonality, age, abnormalities of reproductive tract and the frequency of superovulatory treatments on the superovulatory responses and rate of pregnancy in repeat breeder for embryo transfer. Thirty eight eggs were obtained from 6 donors by flushing the uterine horns and 33 embryos were transfered to 33 recipients. (29 holstein heifers, 3 holstein cows and 1 Korean native heifer). From this study, the following results could be obtained: 1. It seemed that spring (Feb.-Apr.) was the better season than any others to produce good embryos. Rate of pregnancy decreased significantly after August because of low heating rate. 2. Rate of pregnancy in the cows with normal reproductive tract showed much better superovulatory responses (80%) than the cows with abnormal reproductive tract (33%), as expected. 3. 8 years old cows produced higher rater of pregnancy than 4 years old cow (79.3 vs 50), and also in superovulatory responses, 8 years old cows showed slightly better results than 4 years old cow. 4. The number of ovulated eggs and rate of pregnancy in the repeated superovulatory treatment more than once were 41 eggs and 85.7%, and those of the donors treated the first superovulatory treatment were 32 eggs and 68.4%, respectively. 5. These results are showing the possibility that utilizing the repeat breeders as donors in embryo transfer could be able to elevate their economic values.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to build a spatio-temporal evapotranspiration(ET) estimation model using Terra MODIS satellite image and by calibrating with the flux tower ET data from watershed. The fundamentals of spatial ET model, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land(SEBAL) was adopted and modified to estimate the daily ET of Yongdam Dam watershed in South Korea. The daily Normalized Distribution Vegetation Index(NDVI), Albedo, and Land Surface Temperature(LST) from MODIS and the ground measured wind speed and solar radiation data were prepared for 2 years(2012-2013). The SEBAL was calibrated with the forest ET measured by Deokyusan flux tower in the study watershed. Among the model parameters, the important parameters were surface albedo, NDVI and surface roughness in order for momentum transport during calculation of sensible heat flux. As a result of the final calibration, the monthly averaged albedo and NDVI were used because the daily values showed big deviation with unrealistic change. The determination coefficient($R^2$) between SEBAL and flux data was 0.45. The spatial ET reflected the geographical characteristics showing the ET of lowland areas was higher than the highland ET.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-454
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• 2018

Since the permanent shutdown of Kori Unit 1 in 2017, a full-scale decommissioning project for a commercial nuclear reactor has been approaching. It is estimated that about 160,000 t of low-activity concrete waste will be produced from decommissioning of one unit of this commercial nuclear power reactor. Accordingly, it is necessary to review whether the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework for clearance waste (i.e. waste stream that meets activity concentration guidelines or dose criteria for clearance set forth in NSSC Notice No. 2017-65) can be maintained for the clearance of a bulk amount of concrete waste. In this regard, the IAEA SRS No. 44, which was used as a basis for revision of the Korean clearance regulations, is thoroughly analyzed and the radiological effects from four different clearance scenarios, along with input values and parameters derived from industrial practices in Korea, were evaluated. Though it is shown that the maximum annual dose from most recycling scenarios will be less than the clearance dose criterion for the normal scenario (i.e. an order of magnitude of $0.01mSv{\cdot}y^{-1}$), the radiation dose, estimated with conservative assumptions for the banking scenario, may exceed the above clearance dose criteria. Therefore, for safe and sustainable clearance of the bulk amount of concrete waste, it is required to diversify the concrete waste processors, perform more detailed site-specific assessment, and apply limiting conditions to the banking scenario.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-283
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• 2019

This study was aimed to explore if lncRNA MALAT1 would modify chemo-resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by regulating miR-197-3p and p120 catenin (p120-ctn). Within this investigation, we totally recruited 326 lung cancer patients, and purchased 4 NSCLC cell lines of A549, H1299, SPC-A-1 and H460. Moreover, cisplatin, adriamycin, gefitinib and paclitaxel were arranged as chemotherapies, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated to evaluate the chemo-resistance of the cells. Furthermore, mice models of NSCLC were also established to assess the impacts of MALAT1, miR-197-3p and p120-ctn on tumor growth. Our results indicated that MALAT1 and miR-197-3p were both over-expressed within NSCLC tissues and cells, when compared with normal tissues and cells (P < 0.05). The A549, H460, SPC-A-1 and SPC-A-1 displayed maximum resistances to cisplatin ($IC50=15.70{\mu}g/ml$), adriamycin ($IC50=5.58{\mu}g/ml$), gefitinib ($96.82{\mu}mol/L$) and paclitaxel (141.97 nmol/L). Over-expression of MALAT1 and miR-197-3p, or under-expression of p120-ctn were associated with promoted viability and growth of the cancer cells (P < 0.05), and they could significantly strengthen the chemo-resistance of cancer cells (P < 0.05). MALAT1 Wt or p120-ctn Wt co-transfected with miR-197-3p mimic was observed with significantly reduced luciferase activity within NSCLC cells (P < 0.05). Finally, the NSCLC mice models were observed with larger tumor size and weight under circumstances of over-expressed MALAT1 and miR-197-3p, or under-expressed p120-ctn (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MALAT1 could alter chemo-resistance of NSCLC cells by targeting miR-197-3p and regulating p120-ctn expression, which might assist in improvement of chemo-therapies for NSCLC.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.775-787
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate for the natural methane emission inhibitor as a feed additive no adversely effect on rumen fermentation. Five different Control (Wheat barn (0.05 g), MRA(Methane Reduction Additive)-1 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.05 g)), MRA-2 (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), MRA-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (0.025 g) + Wheat barn (0.025 g) mixed), and MRA-4 (Allium fistulosum L. (0.02 g) + Tannic acid (0.02 g) + Wheat barn (0.01 g) mixed) contents were used to perform 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h incubation for in vitro fermentation. Ruminal pH values were ranged within normal ruminal microbial fermentation. Dry matter digestibility was not significantly different across the treatments during the whole fermentation time. Also, the result of microbial growth had no adversely effect on during the whole fermentation time. At 24 h, methane emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than all treatments except to MRA-1. Especially, MRA-4 carbon dioxide emission was significantly lower (P<0.05) than control at 9, 24 and 48 h incubation. In addition MRA-4 propionate concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control at 24 h incubation. The result of RT-PCR Ciliate-associated methanogens were significantly lower (P<0.05) at MRA-1, MRA-3 and MRA-4 than control at 24 h incubation. Based on the present results, MRA-4 could be suggestible methane emission inhibitor as a natural feed additive.