한국축산식품학회지 (Food Science of Animal Resources)

  • 제30권2호
  • /
  • Pages.321-327
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 2636-0772(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2636-0780(eISSN)
한국축산식품학회 (Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

성별이 한우 등심의 육질등급요인, 이화학적 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향

Effect of Sex on Quality Grade Factors, Physicochemical and Sensory Traits of Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo

  • 이종문 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최주희 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 오미화 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김용수 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 천동원 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 서상철 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 황규석 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 장애라 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • 투고 : 2010.02.19
  • 심사 : 2010.04.05
  • 발행 : 2010.04.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

성별 한우쇠고기의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위하여 육질등급이 5개로 개전된 후 첫 해인 2005년도에 전국에 출하된 42,113두의 육질등급 요인을 조사하였으며, 2005년부터 2008년도 상반기까지 국립축산과학원에서 도축된 257두의 쇠고기 품질을 분석하였다. 성별 한우의 육질등급요인(근내지방도, 육색, 지방색, 조직감, 성숙도)은 유의적인 차이가 있었으며 한우 거세우가 가장 우수하였다(p<0.05). 근내지방도, 성숙도 및 조직감은 거세우가 각각 5.02, 2.17 및 1.31로 가장 우수하였으며 이에 따라 육질등급 지수도 2.75($1^{++}$ 등급 =1, 3등급= 5)로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 수소가 73.23%로 가장 높았으며, 조지방 함량은 거세우가 17.27% 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 거세우의 명도($L^*$), 전단력 및 보수력은 각각 39.01, 4.03 kg 및 57.08%로 가장 높았으나(p<0.05), 암소와 수소 간의 차이가 없었다. 전단력에 있어서 암소 및 수소가 각각 7.73 kg 및 8.35 kg으로 비교적 높게 나타난 것은 연도 증진에 관련된 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 관능검사 결과 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 총 점수에서 거세우가 가장 좋았다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 연구는 시대적으로 변화하는 한우산업의 여건에 따라 단계 별로 수행할 필요가 있으며, 암소의 경우 경산우 비육이 대부분인 우리나라의 실정에 비추어 볼 때 산차별 또는 연령별 품질관련 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 생각된다.

The effect of cattle sex (cow, bull, and steer) on carcass traits of quality grade factors, physicochemical, and sensory traits of Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo was evaluated. Carcass traits of 42,113 heads were collected nation-wide and 257 heads were slaughtered to analyze beef quality. Sex affected significantly marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, and quality grade of Hanwoo (p<0.05). Hanwoo steer carcasses had the highest marbling score (5.02), maturity (2.17), and texture (1.31) than those of cows and heifers. Crude fat of steers was higher than that of other cows and bulls. Steers showed the highest $L^*$(39.01), Warner-Bratzler shear force (4.03 kg), and water holding capacity (57.08%), however, there was no significant differences between those of cows and bulls. Ultimate$pH_{24}$ was shown difference among sex (5.58-5.69), however, the values remained within normal range. In sensory evaluation analyses, sex affected significantly tenderness, juiciness, and flavor (p<0.05). Also, the over all acceptability of steer beef was significantly higher than that of cow and bull beef. These results could be used as fundamental data set for further research activities to elevate Hanwoo beef qualities (p<0.05).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aldai, N., Aalhus, J. L., Dugan, M. E. R., Robertson, W. M., McAllister, T. A., Walter, L. J., and McKinnon, J. J. (2010) Comparison of wheat-versus corn-based dried distillers' with solubles on meat quality of feedlot cattle. Meat Sci. 84, 569-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.014
  2. Aldai, N., Murry, B. E., Olivan, M., Martinez, A., Troy, D. J., Osoro, K., and Najera, A. I. (2006) The influence of breed and mh-genotype on carcass conformation, meat physicochemical characteristics, and the fatty acid profile of muscle from yearling bulls. Meat Sci. 72, 486-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.08.016
  3. AOAC. (2000) Official methods of analysis. 17th ed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, pp. 13-15.
  4. Bass, P. D., Engle, T. E., Belk, K. E., Chapman, P. L., Archibeque, S. L., Smith, G. C., and Tatum, J. D. (2010) Effects of sex and short-term magnesium supplementation on stress responses and longissimus muscle quality characteristics of crossbred cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 88, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2264
  5. Blanco, M., Casasus, I., Ripoll, G., Alberti, P., and Joy, M. (2010) Lucerne grazing compared with concentrate-feeding slightly modifies carcase and meat quality of young bulls. Meat Sci. 84, 545-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.010
  6. Boggs, D. L. and Merkel, R. A. (1993) Live animal carcass evaluation and selection manual. Fourth Edition, Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Company. pp. 105-130.
  7. Boleman, S .L., Boleman, S . J., Morgan, W. W., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., Ames, R. P., Smith, M. T., Tatum, J. D., Field, T .G., Smith, G. C., Gardner, B. A., Morgant, J. B., Northcutt, S. L., Dolezal, H. G., Gill, D. R., and Ray, F. K. (1998) National Beef Quality Aduit-1995: Survey of producer-related defects and carcass quality and quantity attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 96-103.
  8. Choat, W. T., Paterson, A., Rainey, B. M., King, M. C., Smith, G. C., Belk, K. E., and Lipsey, R. J. (2006) The effect of cattle sex on carcass characteristics and longissimus muscle palatability. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 1820-1826. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2004-418
  9. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (1978) Recommendations on uniform color spaces -color difference equations - psychometric color terms (CIE publication no. 15 (E- 1.3.3)1971/(TC-1.3), supplement no. 2, pp. 8-12). Paris, France.
  10. Farrow, R. L., Loneragan, G. H., Pauli, J. W., and Lawrence, T. E. (2009) An exploratory observational study to develop an improved method for quantifying beef carcass salable meat yield. Meat Sci. 82, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.12.014
  11. Ferrier, P. and Lamb, R. (2007) Government regulation and quality in the US beef market. Food Policy 32, 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.01.004
  12. Fiems, L. O., De Campeneere, S., Van Caelenbergh, W., De Boever, J. L., and Vanacker, J. M. (2003) Carcass and meat quality in double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls and cows. Meat Sci. 83, 345-352.
  13. Garcia, L. G., Nicholson, K. L., Hoffman, T. W., Lawrence, T. E., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. S., Savell, D. S., Morgan, J. B., Belk, K. E., Field, T. J., Scanga, J. A., Tatum, J. D., and Smith, G. C. (2008) National Beef Quality Audit-2005: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 3533-3543. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0782
  14. Gotoh, T., Albrecht, E., Teuscher, F., Kawabata, K., Sakashita, K., Iwamoto, H., and Wegner, J. (2009) Differences in muscle and fat accretion in Japanese Black and European cattle. Meat Sci. 82, 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.026
  15. Hoque, M. A., Hoosono, M., Oikawa, T., and Suzuki, K. (2009) Genetic parameters for measures of energetic efficiency of bulls and their relationships with carcass traits of field progeny in Japanese Black cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 99-106.
  16. KAPE (Korea institute for animal products quality evaluation). (2009) Report of business for animal products grading service, Korea.
  17. King, D. A., Morgan, W. W., Miller, R. K., Sanders, J. O., Lunt, D. K., Taylor, J. F., Gill, C. A., and Savell, J. W. (2006) Carcass merit between and among family groups of Bos indicus crossbred steers and heifers. Meat Sci. 72, 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.08.015
  18. Laakkonen, E., Wellington, G. H., and Skerbon, J. W. (1970) Low temperature longtime heating of bovine. 1. Change in tenderness, water binding capacity, pH and amount of watersoluble component. J. Food Sci. 35, 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb12131.x
  19. Leupp, J. L., Lardy, G. P., Bauer, M. L., Karges, K. K., Gibson, M. L., Caton, J. S., and Maddock, R. J. (2009) Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on growing and finishing steer intake, performance, carcass characteristics, and steak color and sensory attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 4118-4124. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2149
  20. Lorenzen, C., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., Belk, K. E., Frederick, T. L., Miller, M. F., Montgomery, T. H., and Smith, G. C. (1993) National Beef Quality Audit-1991:Survey of producer-related defects and carcass quality and quantity attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 1495-1502.
  21. Maggioni, D., Marques, J. A., Rotta, P. P., Perotto, D., Ducatti, T., Visentainer, J. V., and Prado, I. N. (2010) Animal performance and meat quality of crossbred young bulls. Livest. Sci. 127, 176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.09.006
  22. Mandell, I. B., Gullett, E. A., Willton, J. W., Kemp, R. A., and Allen, O. B. (1997) Effect of gender and breed on carcass traits, chemical composition, and palatability in Hereford and Simmental bulls and steers. Livest. Prod. Sci. 49, 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00016-X
  23. Mckenna, D. R., Roeber, D. L., Bates, P. K., Schmidt, T. B., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., Brooks, J. C., Morgan, J. B., Montgomery, T. H., Belkand, K. E., and Smith, G. C. (2002) National Beef Quality Audit-2000: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 1212-1222.
  24. Montgomery, J. L., Krehbiel, C. R., Cranston, J. J., Yates, D. A., Hutcheson, J. P., Nichols, W. T., Streeter, M. N., Bechtol, D. T., Johnson, E., TerHune, T., and Montgomery, T. H. (2009) Dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride. I. Feedlot performance and carcass traits of steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 1374-1383. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1162
  25. Moon, S. S., Yang, H. S., Park, G. B., and Joo, S. T. (2006) The relationship of physiological maturity and marbling judged according to Korean grading system to meat quality traits of Hanwoo beef females. Meat Sci. 74, 516-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.027
  26. Panjono, Kang, S. M., Lee, I. S., and Lee, S. K. (2009) Carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) from different sex conditions, raising altitudes and slaughter seasons. Livest.Sci. 123, 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.11.024
  27. Park, G. B., Moon, S. S., Ko, Y. D., Ha, J. K., Lee, J. G., Chang, H. H., and Joo, S. T. (2002) Influence of slaughter weight and sex on yield and quality grades of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) carcasses. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 129-136.
  28. Rathmann, R. J., Mehaffey, J. M., Baxa, T. J., Nichols, W. T., Yates, D. A., Hutcheson, J. P., Brooks, J. C., Johnson, B. J., and Miller, M. F. (2009) Effects of duration of zilpaterol hydrochloride and days on the finishing diet on carcass cutability,composition, tenderness, and skeletal muscle gene expression in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 3686-3701. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1818
  29. Reinhardt, C. D., Busby, W. D., and Corah, L. R. (2009) Relationship of various incoming cattle traits with feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 3030-3042. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1293
  30. Sami, A. S., Augustini, C., and Schwarz, F. J. (2004) Effect of feeding intensity and time on feed on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Simmental bulls. Meat Sci. 67, 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.10.006
  31. SAS (2004) SAS /STAT software for PC. Version 9.1., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  32. Sasaki, Y., Miyake, T., Gaillard, C., Oguni, T., Matsumoto, M., Ito, M., Kurahara, T., Sasae, Y., Fujinaka, K., Ohtagaki, S., and Dougo, T. (2006) Comparison of genetic gains per year for carcass traits among breeding programs in the Japanese Brown and Japanese Black cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 317-323.
  33. Serra, X., Gil, M., Gispert, M., Guerrero, L., Oliver, M. A., Sanudo, C., Campo, M. M., Panea, B., Olleta, J. L., Quintanilla, R., and Piedrafita, J. (2004) Characterisation of young bulls of the Bruna dels Pirineus cattle breed (selected from old Brown Swiss) in relation to carcass, meat quality and biochemical traits. Meat Sci. 66, 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00131-1
  34. Shook, N., VanOverbeke, D. L., Kinman, L. A., Krehbiel, C. R., Holland, B. P., Streeter, M. N., Yates, D. A., and Hilton, G. G. (2009) Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride withdrawal time on beef carcass cutability, composition, and tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 3677-3685. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1816
  35. Song, M. K., Jin, G. L., Ji, B. J., Chang, S. S., Jeong, J., Smith, S. B., and Choi, S. H. (2010) Conjugated linoleic acids content in M. longssimus dorsi of Hanwoo steers fed a concentrate supplemeted with soybean oil, sodium bicarbonate- based monensin, fish oil. Meat Sci. 85, 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.001
  36. USDA-AMS (2002) United States standards for livestock and meat marketing claims. Federal Register 67, 79552-79556.
  37. Van Donkersgoed, J., Jewison, G., Bygrove, S., Gillis, K., Malchow, D., and McLeod, G. (2001) Canadian beef quality audit 1998-99. Can. Vet. J. 42, 121-126.
  38. Wheeler, T. L., Shackelford, S. D., and Koohmaraie, M. (2000) Relationship of beef longissimus tenderness classes to tenderness of gluteus medius, semimembrano and biceps femoris. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2856-2861.
  39. Yu, L. H., Lim, D. G., Jeong, S. G., In, T. S., Kim, J. H., Ahn, C. N., Kim C. J., and Park, B. Y. (2008) Effects of temperatre conditioning on postmortem changes in physico-chemical properties in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). Meat Sci. 79, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.033
  40. 日本農林水産省. (2005) 家畜改良增殖目標. pp. 13-16.

피인용 문헌

  1. Comparison of Meat Color and Nutritional Composition of m. longissimus lumborum from Domestic Fed Hanwoo, Holstein and Imported Angus Steers vol.54, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.6.455
  2. Effects of High Protein Diet on Meat Productivity and Quality in Multiparous Hanwoo Cull Cows vol.21, pp.9, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.9.1251
  3. Association of Heat Shock Protein Beta 1 (HSPB1) Gene Expression with Tenderness in Loin Muscle of Korean Cattle (Hanwoo) vol.22, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.11.1523