• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1189-1208
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• 2017

In this paper, we study vanishing properties for $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on a gradient shrinking Ricci soliton. We prove that if (M, g, f) is a complete oriented noncompact gradient shrinking Ricci soliton with potential function f, then there are no non-trivial $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms which are orthogonal to df. Second, we show that if the scalar curvature of the metric g is greater than or equal to (n - 2)/2, then there are no non-trivial $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on (M, g). We also show that any multiplication of the total differential df by a function cannot be an $L^2$ harmonic 1-form unless it is trivial. Finally, we derive various integral properties involving the potential function f and $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms, and handle their applications.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

The correlation between crack propagation and localized recrystallization are compared in a series of cross section analyses on thermal cycled edgebond and underfilm material applied wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) components with a baseline of no-material applied WLCSP components. The results show that the crack propagation distribution and recrystallization region correlation can explain potential degradation mechanisms and support the damage accumulation history in a more efficient way. Edgebond material applied components show a shift of damage accumulation to a more localized region, thus potentially accelerated the degradation during thermal cycling. Underfilm material applied components triggered more solder joints for a more wider distribution of damage accumulation resulting in a slightly improved thermal cycling performance compared to no-material applied components. Using an analysis on localized distribution of recrystallized areas inside the solder joint showed potential value as a new analytical approach.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

Cordyceps bassiana is a parasitic fungus and used as a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been called as DongChungHaCho(summer-plant, winter-worm) in China. Acute oral toxicity was examined in male and female ICR mice. Butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana(BuCb) was administered orally at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg, 10,000 mg/kg. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. The acute toxicity test on mouse did not show any oversign in net body weight gain, food and water consumptions, organ weights, gross pathological findings by different doses of BuCb. Also, biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. These findings show that BuCb has wide margin of safety on acute toxicity with single exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are to measure the prevalence of parental violence toward adolescents and to explore the predictors based on a data gathered from a sample of adolescents. A total of 1,451 adolescents attending middle and high school in Seoul and rural area completed a structured questionnaire. The results show that about 32% of the respondents are physically assaulted by their father and/or mother for the past year. A logistic analysis shows that adolescents are more likely to experience parental violence when their parents have frequent marital conflicts and when parents use violence between themselves than the adolescent whose parents have no frequent spousal conflict and no domestic violence. The results also show that the age of adolescents and the changes in the level of academic achievement are significant predictors of adolescents'experience of parental violence. The probability of experiencing parental violence was lowered as age increased. When adolescent had a significant drop in school achievement, the probability of experiencing parental violence increased. Based on these findings, research and policy implications to reduce and prevent the family violence toward adolescents are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The ring routing and wavelength assignment problem arose in the planning of optical communication networks which use WDM rings. Traffic demands are given for each pair of nodes in an ring : each demand must be routed one of the two possible connections round the ring and the wavelength assignments must be made so that there are no conflicts : that is. no two connections whose routes share a link can be assigned the same wavelength along that link. The objective is to minimize the number of used wavelengths. We propose the local optimal routing for the problem and show that there always exists an optimal solution satisfying it. Furthermore we suggest a new lower bound for the problem and show that it is very efficient for the worst case example.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 1993

The object of thes research is to lucidate the clinical effects of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the anti-allergic and gimmune response to rats and mice. The obtaind results of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum administration are as follows : 1. The cytotoxic index increased slightly at over concentration $1{\times}10^{-2}/ml$, but it is thought that the cytotoxic effect show no significant value under the concentration $1{\times}10^{-3}/ml$. 2. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum water extract seems to suppress the leakage volume of Evans blue to decrease the vascular permeability. 3. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum show the inhibitory effect of footpad edema. 4. Protein leakage is inhibited by the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum. 5. The delayed type hypersensitivity to SRBC is suppressed at the 24hours after the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the experimental group 1, 2. 6. Hemolysin and hemagglutinin titer, and RFC increase to bulid up the immune function.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2004

The current Korea bridge design specifications have no provisions about concrete Barrier. And there are no test results of registence strength of the concrete barrier at the vehicle collision sites. This paper reports experimental results of concrete barrier on bridge deck conctructed by standard drawing of SB5 grade. Eight specimens were tested under static test. The specimens are divided by two groups (D-series and B-series). D-series is to show failure pattern of bridge deck. B-series is to show failure pattern of concrete Barrier. The test results compared with calculation results using Yield-Line theory of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.

• MALSORI
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• no.58
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• pp.45-66
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• 2006

In this paper, a rule-based (transformation-based) NE recognition system is proposed. This system uses Brill's rule inference approach. The performance of the rule-based system and IdentiFinder, one of most successful stochastic systems, are compared. In the baseline case (no punctuation and no capitalisation), both systems show almost equal performance. They also have similar performance in the case of additional information such as punctuation, capitalisation and name lists. The performances of both systems degrade linearly with the number of speech recognition errors, and their rates of degradation are almost equal. These results show that automatic rule inference is a viable alternative to the HMM-based approach to NE recognition, but it retains the advantages of a rule-based approach.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze health behavior by comparing the difference between self-perceived health status and health examination results. The study subjects consist of 7,702 people aged over 20, surveyed by Health Interview survey, Health Examination survey, Dietary Life survey, Health Consciousness and Behavior survey. Data used in the study are drawn from raw data from a 1998 National Health and Nutrition survey. General characteristics variables are sex, age, education level, residential area, marital status, occupation, and living standard while dichotomous variables, ‘not healthy’ and ‘healthy’ are used to measure self-perceived health status. Variables for health examination results are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, liver diseases, liver inflammation, kidney diseases, normal weight, regular diet, optimum sleeping time(7-8 hours), regular health examination and health behavior practice group. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1) Analysis of self-perceived health status and health behavior by disease: Variables significantly correlated with high self-perceived health status have strong associations with high health behavior practice, which supports the hypothesis that as one has high self-perceived health status, one is more likely to practice health promoting behavior. The results of analysis of health behavior differences by dividing subjects into two categories, ‘cases of illness’ and ‘cases of no illness’ indicate that drinking, sleeping time, health examination are significant variables (p〈0.001, 0.05) whereas smoking, weight control, regular exercise, regular diet are not significant. 2) Analysis of disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination: The hypothesis that health behaviors would be different according to the disparity pattern between self-perceived health status and health examination is supported as a result of χ2 test. Among Type I : Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is good (no disease) Type II: Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type III: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is good(no disease) Type IN: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type I and Type IV show no disparity, Type I shows the highest health promoting behavior whereas Type IV shows the lowest health promoting behavior. Type II, and III, compared to Type I, practise lower health promoting behavior. Multi-logistics regression analysis was conducted to find out the degree of impact on health behavior. Independent variables are general characteristics, self-perceived health status and health examination result and presence of illness, while the dependent variable is health promoting behavior. The analysis of the impact of self-perceived health status on the health promoting behavior shows that smoking, drinking, weight control, regular exercise, health examination practice, and/or regular diet are significantly correlated to self-perceived health status. High self-perceived health status is inversely related to high health promoting behavior. This finding supports the hypothesis that the higher one perceives one's health, the more likely one is to practice health promoting behavior. On the contrary, the presence of illness has little impact on health promoting behavior. 3) Multiple logistics analysis on how disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination affect health behavior: The results of multiple logistics analysis made on health behavior variables compared to the standard variable are as follows: When analyzed on the standard of Type I, smoking is a significant risk factor for the Type IV. In case of drinking, all the patterns show a high probability of relative risk ratio. With regard to weight control, it is a risk factor for Type II while all the patterns show high probability of not practising when analyzed on the standard of type IV. Type III and IV show high probability of not doing regular exercise while Type IV, shows a high probability of not taking appropriate sleeping time. When analyzed on the standard of type IV, all the patterns show a high probability of not taking health examinations. Type III and IV show a high probability of not having regular meals. As for overall health promoting behavior, Type III and IV show a high relative risk ratio. These two groups have low self-perceived health status. It implies that self-perceived health status has significant impact on health promoting behavior. This is also supported by the fact that Type I with high self-perceived health status and no illness shows a high practice rate of health promoting behavior. Types II and III the groups with high disparity between self-perceived health status and health examination results, show a low practice rate of health promoting behavior when compared to Type I. Type IV, that is the group with low self-perceived health status and actual illness, shows the lowest practice of health promoting behavior. It is highly probable that this type proves to be the poorest health group.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2010

Satellite data have an intrinsic problem due to a number of various physical parameters, which can have a similar effect on measured radiance. Most evaluations of satellite performance have relied on comparisons with limited spatial and temporal resolution of ground-based measurements such as soundings and in-situ measurements. In order to overcome this problem, a new way of satellite data evaluation is suggested with statistical tools such as empirical orthogonal function(EOF), and singular value decomposition(SVD). The EOF analyses with OMI and OMI HCHO over northeast Asia show that the spatial pattern show high correlation with population density. This suggests that human activity is a major source of as well as HCHO over this region. However, this analysis is contradictory to the previous finding with GOME HCHO that biogenic activity is the main driving mechanism(Fu et al., 2007). To verify the source of HCHO over this region, we performed the EOF analyses with vegetation and HCHO distribution. The results showed no coherence in the spatial and temporal pattern between two factors. Rather, the additional SVD analysis between $NO_2$ and HCHO shows consistency in spatial and temporal coherence. This outcome suggests that the anthropogenic emission is the main source of HCHO over the region. We speculate that the previous study appears to be due to low temporal and spatial resolution of GOME measurements or uncertainty in model input data.