• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 조선 시대 궁궐에서도 학을 길렀는가에 대한 확인과 함께 그 사례를 고찰하는 것이다. 본 연구의 시간적 범위는 조선 시대이며 공간적 범위는 외전, 내전, 궐내각사, 궐외각사 등 궁궐 전체를 대상으로 한다. 본 연구를 위한 문헌 자료는 일부 원문 자료를 발췌·번역하여 고찰하였으며, 이와 함께 한국고전번역원 데이터베이스(http://db.itkc.or.kr)에 탑재되어 있는 고전번역서를 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조선 시대 최고 관부인 의정부에서는 전기 때부터 학을 길렀다. 임진왜란 이후 위상 변화와 청사의 훼철로 인해 의정부에서의 양학은 중단된 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 조선 시대에 경연과 언론 기능을 담당하며 왕을 측근에서 보좌한 홍문관에서의 양학은 조선 전기 중종 대부터 임진왜란 이후 정조 대에까지 이어졌다. 셋째, 정조 대에는 왕권 강화를 위해 학문의 중추기관으로 새롭게 설치한 규장각에서도 학을 길렀다. 당시 규장각에는 여러 쌍의 학을 기르기도 했던 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 의정부, 홍문관, 규장각 등 조선의 핵심적 관부에서의 양학 행위는 그 기관의 위상이나 성격 등 정체성을 나타내는 표상으로서의 의미가 있었던 것으로 판단된다. 다섯째, 홍문관 등 궁궐에서 기르는 학은 관례적으로 황해도 배천군 등에서 충당했던 것으로 보인다. 이러한 관례는 영조 대에 이르러 중앙 관서와 지방 관아 간에 마찰을 일으키기도 했으나 이후 정조 연간에도 지속된 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 대부분 국역 자료에 의존하여 연구를 진행했다는 한계가 있다. 추후 자료의 발굴과 번역 성과가 더욱 축적된다면 보다 풍부한 사례를 확인할 있을 것이다. 또 지방의 관아, 사찰 등에서의 양학 사례 등 보다 심화된 후속 연구도 필요하다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.28-45
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• 2000

It was unusual crop weather for 1998 and 1999 compared with normal in Korea. The consecutive days of the optimum ripening period for rice plant that had daily mean temperature 21-23C for 40 days after heading, increased with long anomalies in 1998-99. The air temperature during ripening period was much higher than the optimum temperature and lower sunshine hour than normal in the local adaptability tests of newly developed rice lines during those years. In response of rice cultivation to warming and cloudy weather during crop season, the yield shall be decreased. Most scientists agree that the rate of heating is accelerating and temperature change could become increasingly disruptive. Weather patterns should also become more erratic. Agrometeorologists could be analyzed yearly variations of temperature, sunshine hour and rainfall pattern focused on transient agroclimate change for last a decade. Rice agronomists could be established taking advantage of real time agricultural meteorology information system for fertilization, irrigation, pest control and harvest. Also they could be analyzed the characteristics of flowering response of the recommended and newly bred rice cultivars for suitable cropping plan such as cultural patterns and sowing or transplanting date. Rice breeders should be deeply considered introducing the characteristics of basic vegetative type of flowering response like Tonsil rices as prospective rice cultivars corresponding to global warming because of the rices needed higher temperature at ripening stage than Japonica rices, photoperiod sensitive and thermo-sensitive ecotypes

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1999

Spikelet and vascular bundle development in rice panicles is considered to be the important elements in determining the genotype's yield capacity and translocation ability of assimilates into grains, respectively. This study was conducted to clarify the varietal differences of the spikelet and vascular bundle formations among three rice cultivars; Iksan 435 (japonica), Dongjinbyeo (japonica) and Namcheonbyeo (Tongl-type). Iksan 435 had more primary rachis branches (PRBs), secondary rachis branches (SRBs) and spikelets per panicle than Dongjinbyeo, but less than Namcheonbyeo. Among three cultivars, Namcheonbyeo showed the highest spikelet number per panicle which were differentiated SRBs mainly on PRBs of lower rachis nodes. And Namchenbyeo showed the highest number of large vascular bundle (LVB) as well as small vascular bundle (SVB) and it displayed the largest diameter of LVB. Between the two japonica cultivars, the numbers of LVBs end SVBs were significantly higher in Iksan 435 than those in Dongjinbyeo. The PRBs to LVBs ratio of Namcheonbyeo was twice as large as those of Dongjinbyeo and Iksan 435. These results indicate that the newly bred cultivar, Iksan 435, has improved yield capacity by increasing the number of especially rachis branches and spikelets formation as well as 1,000 grain weight, compared to other former japonicas.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

We examined the anti-inflammatory effect of the peel extract of the newly bred Korean apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar Green ball. To test its possible use as anti-inflammatory functional material, Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of Green ball apple peel ethanol extract (GBE). Notably, up to 500 ㎍/mL of GBE did not result in any signs of inhibition on cellular metabolic activity or cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Supplementation with GBE to LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage significantly suppressed various pro-inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner, including i) nitric oxide (NO) production, ii) accumulation of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, iii) phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, and iv) expression of pro-inflammatory biomarker genes, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and prostaglandin E synthase 2.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2019

Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is commercially important in Korea because its caviar is highly prized. Although the early ontogeny of the species has been described, behavioral modifications in response to various light intensities or diel photoperiodicity patterns have not been studied extensively. The objective of the present study was to examine the behavioral characteristics of hatchery-produced A. gueldenstaedtii prelarvae over a diel photoperiodic cycle. During a diel light cycle comprising 16 h of daylight (450 lx), 4 h of dim light (10 lx), and 4 h of darkness (< 1 lx), newly hatched A. gueldenstaedtii prelarvae exhibited negative phototaxis in daylight (day 0-day 2), and this early behavior was not significantly affected by changes of light intensities. Rheotactic and non-rheotactic aggregation into schools was typical between days 3 and 6. Under the diel light cycle conditions described, rheotaxis was not influenced by environmental light intensity as much as non-rheotactic schooling behavior. Post-schooling behavior, which progressed from day 7 to day 8, did not change significantly during the diel light cycle. The data from the present study could be of practical value in developing a visual guide for assessing the fitness and quality of Russian sturgeon prelarvae under diel light cycle conditions in hatcheries.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2021

The abnormal brown sunken lesions were observed on cv. RubyS apple fruits in an orchard located in Gunwi, Gyeongbuk province, Korea. The primary observed symptoms such as small round sunken lesions and small black dots on the symptomatic area were different from the reported apple diseases. The affected apple fruits were sampled and subjected to isolation of the causal agent. Cultural and morphological characteristics of isolated fungal strain, designated KNUF-20GWA4, were similar to that of Colletotrichum spp. Based on multilocus sequence analyses using internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of β-tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase, and actin genes, strain KNUF-20GWA4 showed 99.2-100% similarities with C. aenigma ICMP 18608 and the isolate clustered together with several other strains of this species in the phylogenetic tree. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bitter rot on apple fruits caused by C. aenigma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2000

The bone graft materials can be grossly divided into autogenous bone, allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, and alloplastic material. Much care was given to other bone graft materials away from autogenous bone due to its additional operation for harvesting, delayed resorption and limitation of quantity. Demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB) and hydroxyapatite are the representatives of bone graft materials. As resorbable hydroxyapatite is developed in these days, the disadvantage of nonresorbability can be overcome. So we planned to study on the strength and the bone formation at the rats calvarial defects of DFDB graft and those of the composite graft with DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite. We used the 16 male rats weighting range from 250 to 300 gram bred under the same environment during same period. After we made the 6mm diameter calvarial defect, we filled the DFDB in 8 rats and DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite in another 8 rats. We sacrificed them at the postoperative 1 month and 2 months with the periostium observed. As soon as the specimens were delivered, we measured the compressive forces to break the normal calvarial area and the newly formed bone in calvarial defect area using Instron(Model Autograph $S-2000^{(R)}$, Shimadzu, Japan). The rest of the specimens were stained with H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) and evaluated with the light microscope. So we got the following results. 1. In every rats, there was no significant difference between the measured forces of normal bone area and those of the bone graft area. 2. In 1 month, the measured forces at DFDB graft group were higher than those of the DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group(P<0.05). 3. In 2 months, there was no significant differences between the measured forces of DFDB graft group and those of the DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group. 4. In lightmicroscopic examination, most of the grafted DFDB were transformed into bone in 1 month and a large numbers of hydroxyapatite crystal were observed in DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group in 1 month. 5. Both group showed no inflammatory reaction in 1 month. And hydroxyapatite crystals had a tight junction without soft tissue invagination when consolidated with newly formed bone. 6. In both groups, newly formed bone showed the partial bone remodeling and the lamellar bone structures and some of reversal lines were observed in 2 months. From the above results, it is suggested that DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group had a better resistance to compressive force in early stage than DFDB graft group, but there would be no significant difference between two groups after some period. And it is suggested that the early stage of bone formation procedure of DFDB and resorbable hydroxyapatite composite graft group was slight slower than that of DFDB graft group, but there would be no significant difference between two groups after some period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2003

국내에서 육종된 감자 품종들에 대하여 재분화 및 형질전환효율에 영향을 미치는 여러 요인들을 조사하고 품종별 최적 조건을 규명하고자 하였다. 최근 육종된 5품종 '추백', '남서', '자심', '조풍'과 '조원'의 잎과 줄기 조직을 재료로 사용하여 배지 내 호르몬 조성별 신초형성률을 조사하였다. 신초형성률은 잎 조직의 경우 '조원'이 GA₃0.1 mg/L, Zeatin 2.0mg/L과 NAA 0.01 mg/L가 포함된 M5 배지에서 90%이상으로 가장 높은 반면 다른 공시품종은 20% 미만이었으며 줄기조직을 치상한 경우 '조풍'이 M5 배지에서 70%의 신초형성률을 나타내었으나. 다른 품종은 25% 이하의 신초형성률을 나타내어 품종별, 조직별로 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 감자의 형질전환 시 Agrobacterium 접종과정에서 75 μM의 acetosyringone을 처리한 경우 잎 조직은 '조원'이 87.9%, 줄기 조직은 '조풍'이 68.4%로 높은 형질전환효율을 나타내어 acetosyringone을 처리하지 않은 대조구에 비하여 1.5∼4.0배의 높은 형질전환효율을 나타냈다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2020

국내 표고의 고품질 톱밥재배용 품종을 육성하기 위해 수집균주 및 우량계통의 단포자 교배를 통해 육성된 '화담'의 주요 특성은 다음과 같다. 균사생장 적온은 25℃, 발이 및 생육온도는 12-20℃, 형태는 평반구형으로 '산조701호'와 유사하였으며, 발생형은 '산조701호'가 집중형인데 비해 '화담'은 산발형으로 나타났다. '화담'의 재배특성 조사결과 배양일수는 35일, 갈변기간은 84일로 '산조701호'과 유사하였고, 생육일수는 10일로 '산조701호'보다 2일 늦어 전체 재배일수도 129일로 '산조701호'의 127일에 비해 2일 늦었다. '화담'은 '산조701호'에 비해 갓 두께, 갓 직경, 대 굵기가 크고, 갓 명도와 적색도가 높았다. 3주기 수량성 조사결과 유효 개체수는 '화담'이 4.1개로 '산조701호'의 6.2개에 비해 2.1개 적었으나 개체중은 '화담'이 44.3 g으로 '산조701호'의 21.9 g 보다 높아 3주기 수량성에서 '화담'이 553.8 g으로 '산조701호'의 405 g 보다 높은 수량을 보였다. 또한, 화담은 베타글루칸이 79.4 mg/g, 페놀성 화합물 햠량은 0.93 mg GAEs/g각각 함유되어 대조품종인 '산조701호'와 유사하였고, 외래품종인 '엘808' '추재2호'에 비해 높은 함량을 보였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2007

주로 누에사육을 위한 사료 생산용으로 이용되던 뽕나무의 용도가 다양화되면서, 부산물로 이용되어 온 오디가 새로운 소득작목으로 정착되어 가고 있다. 이에 따라 오디 생산에 적합한 뽕 품종에 대한 수요가 늘어나고 있어, 새로운 오디용 뽕품종으로 "대성뽕"을 육성하였으며 이 품종의 육성 경위와 특성은 아래와 같다. 1. '02-'06년까지 수원, 청주 및 공주 3개 지역에서 청일뽕을 대조품종으로 하여 지역적응시험을 거쳤으며, 직무 육성신품종 심의회에서 오디 생산용으로 우수한 품종임이 인정되어 품종으로 등록하였다. 2. 대성뽕은 2배성 Ficus 계통에 콜히친을 처리하여 만든 염색체수가 2n=56인 4배체 품종이다. 3. 대성뽕은 노상형(Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz)에 속하는 암나무이며, 발아개엽기는 청일뽕과 비슷한 직립성의 중생종이다. 4. 잎의 크기는 대형으로 두꺼우며, 잎모양은 타원형이다. 5. 오디는 식재 후 3년차부터 결실하기 시작하였으며, 10a당 연간수량은 결실 1년차에는 청일뽕보다 57% 높았으며, 2년차에는 39% 증수되어 2년 평균 47% 증수되는 다수성 품종으로 초기 결실성이 우수한 품종이다. 6. 오디의 단과중은 3.3g으로 대과형이며, 완숙된 오디의 색상은 적자색 이다. 오디의 당도는 청일뽕보다 낮으나 생리활성물질인 C3G, rutin 및 아미노산이 많이 함유되어 있다.