• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2006

The effect of dietary iodine and selenium supplementation, alone or in combination, on peripheral blood lymphocyte function was determined in laying hens. Eight-hundred-and-sixty-four New-Loman laying hens were randomly allotted into 12 dietary treatments with different inclusion levels of iodine (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), selenium (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) or their combinations for 24 weeks. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation index, concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation index, peroxide enzyme activity and phagocytosis to neutral red particles were tested. There were significant differences in LPS stimulation index, ConA stimulation index, peroxide enzyme activity and phagocytosis to neutral red particles in different iodine or selenium supplementation levels (p<0.05). The highest iodine and selenium supplementation both resulted in highest LPS-/ConA-stimulation indices (p<0.05). However, when iodine was lower than 0.2 mg/kg, the additional effect of different levels of selenium did not always result in significant differences in these indices. The results indicated that iodine and selenium may affect immunity in laying hens and, when the iodine level in the laying hen is lower than 0.2 mg/kg, a selenium allowance higher than 0.1 mg/kg may be necessary to improve immunity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2007

The effect of an electrochemically generated oxidation-reduction potential and electric pulse on ethanol production and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26603 was experimented and compared with effects of electron mediators (neutral red, benzyl viologen, and thionine), chemical oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite), chemical reductants (sulfite and nitrite), oxygen, and hydrogen. The oxidation (anodic) and reduction (cathodic) potential and electric pulse activated ethanol production and growth, and changed the total soluble protein pattern of the test strain. Neutral red electrochemically reduced activated ethanol production and growth of the test strain, but benzyl viologen and thionine did not. Nitrite inhibited ethanol production but did not influence growth of the test strain. Hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, and sulfite did not influence ethanol production and growth of the test strain. Hydrogen and oxygen also did not influence the growth and ethanol production. It shows that the test strain may perceive electrochemically generated oxidation-reduction potential and electric pulse as an environmental factor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1471-1477
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• 2012

Carotenoids produced by non-photosynthetic bacteria protect organisms against lethal photodynamic reactions and scavenge oxygenic radicals. However, the carotenoid produced by Gordonia alkanivorans SKF120101 is coupled to reducing power generation. SKF120101 selectively produces carotenoid under light conditions. The growth yield of SKF120101 cultivated under light conditions was higher than that under dark condition. In the cyclic voltammetry, both upper and lower voltammograms for neutral red (NR) immobilized in intact cells of SKF120101 were not shifted in the condition without external redox sources but were commonly shifted downward by glucose addition and light. Electric current generation in a biofuel cell system (BFCS) catalyzed by harvested cells of SKF120101 was higher under light than dark condition. The ratio of electricity generation to glucose consumption by SKF120101 cultivated in BFCS was higher under light than dark condition. The carotenoid produced by SKF120101 catalyzes production of reducing power from light energy, first evaluated by the electrochemical technique used in this research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2009

An electrochemical bioreactor (ECB) composed of a cathode compartment and an air anode was used in this study to characterize the ethanol fermentation of Zymomonas mobilis. The cathode and air anode were constructed of modified graphite felt with neutral red (NR) and a modified porous carbon plate with cellulose acetate and porous ceramic membrane, respectively. The air anode operates as a catalyst to generate protons and electrons from water. The growth and ethanol production of Z. mobilis were 50% higher in the ECB than were observed under anoxic nitrogen conditions. Ethanol production by growing cells and the crude enzyme of Z. mobilis were significantly lower under aerobic conditions than under other conditions. The growing cells and crude enzyme of Z. mobilis did not catalyze ethanol production from pyruvate and acetaldehyde. The membrane fraction of crude enzyme catalyzed ethanol production from glucose, but the soluble fraction did not. NADH was oxidized to $NAD^+$in association with $H_2O_2$reduction, via the catalysis of crude enzyme. Our results suggested that NADH/$NAD^+$balance may be a critical factor for ethanol production from glucose in the metabolism of Z. mobilis, and that the metabolic activity of both growing cells and crude enzyme for ethanol fermentation may be induced in the presence of glucose.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2002

In order to find out the appropriate in vitro method for high correlation with in vivo, we com-pared the sensitivities of phototoxicity (PT) in vitro method between in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells and in 3T3 fibroblast cells derived from Balb/c mice. Both cells were exposed to six known phototoxic chemicals : promethazine, neutral red, chlortetracycline, amiodarone, bithionol, 8-methoxypsoralen, or non-phototoxic chemical, ALS (ammonium laureth sulfate) and then irradiated with 5 J/$cm^2$ of UVA. Cell viability ($IC_{50}$ ) was measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. The ratio of $IC_{50}$ value of chemicals in the presence and absence of UVA was determined by the cut-off value. The phototoxic potential of test chemicals in NRU assay was determined by measuring the photoirriation factor (PIF) with a cut-off value of 5. In both 3T3 and HaCaT cells, all known phototoxic chemicals were positive (over 5 of PIF value), except that bithionol was found to be non-phototoxic to HaCaT cells, and ALS, non-phototoxic chemical was negative. These results suggest that Balb/c 3T3 cell was more sensitive than HaCaT cell to predict phototoxicity potential.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.63.4-64
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• 2018

High resolution spectroscopy of the yellow symbiotic star AG Draconis is performed with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to analyse the line profiles of Raman scattered O VI broad emission features at $6825{\AA}$ and $7082{\AA}$ with a view to investigating the wind accretion process from the mass losing giant to the white dwarf. These two spectral features are formed through inelastic scattering of O $VI{\lambda}{\lambda}32$ and 1038 with atomic hydrogen. We find that these features exhibit double-component profiles with red parts stronger than blue ones with the velocity separation of ~ 60 km s-1 in the O VI velocity space. Monte Carlo simulations for O VI line radiative transfer are performed by assuming that the O VI emission region constitutes a part of the accretion flow around the white dwarf and that Raman O VI features are formed in the neutral part of the slow stellar wind from the giant companion. The overall Raman O VI profiles are reasonably fit with an azimuthally asymmetric accretion flow and the mass loss rate ~ 4 ${\times}$ 10^{-7} M_sun yr^{-1}. We also find that additional bipolar neutral regions moving away with a speed ~ 70 km s^{-1} in the directions perpendicular to the orbital plane provide considerably improved fit to the red wing parts of Raman features.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1996

콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 세포 독성을 배양 세포를 이용하여 검정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 총 19종의 용액중 세척액이 12종, 윤활액이 2종, 다목적액이 5종이었는데 이 용액을 1%에서 최고 10%까지의 농도로 처리하여 Neutral Red assay를 한 결과 세척액이 윤활액이나 보존액에 비하여 세포에 독성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 3종류의 세척액은 1%에서 세포가 모두 사망하여 매우 독성이 강하였는데 이는 세척 효과를 높이기 위해 독성이 강한 화학약품을 첨가하여 사용하는 것으로 판명되었다. 그런데, 놀라운 사실은 어떤 제품은 제조회사나 성분표시도 없이 유통되고 있어 국민의 안구 건강에 적신호가 되고 있다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 콘택트렌즈 관리용품도 철저한 독성 실험을 거쳐 시판되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.549-552
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• 2003

To investigate the protective effect of Sophorae Radix (SR) on the damage by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX)-induced oxygen tree radical, Neutral Red (NR) and c-fos immunopositive cell assay were used. The results were obtained as follows ; The viability of vascular endothelial cells treated with XO/HX was decreased. And c-fos immunopositive cells represented a maximal increase in group treated with XO/HX for 2 hour in pulmonary vasvular endothelial cells. But pretreated groups with SR extracts were not inhibited the increase of c-fos immunopositive cells by XO/HX in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that XO/HX elicits toxic effects in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and suggest that SR extract is very effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced increase of c-fos immunopositive cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.443-446
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• 2003

To investigate the protective effect of Bulbus Allii Macrostemi (BAM) on the damage by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX)-induced oxygen free radical, Neutral Red (NR) and protein kinase c (PKC) activity assay were used. The results were obtained as follows ; The viability of vascular endothelial cells treated with XO/HX was decreased. And activation of PKC represented a maximal increase in group treated with XO/HX for 15 mins in vasvular pulmonary endothelial cells. But pretreated groups with BAM extracts were not inhibited the increase of PKC activation by XO/HX in a dose-dependent fashion. These results show that XO/HX elicits toxic effects in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and suggest that BAM extract is very effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced PKC activation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권1호통권128호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The vacuolation of cells induced by H. pylori is thought to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of gastric infection. The roles of H. pylori cytotoxin, urease, and ammonia in the vacuolation of HeLa cells were determined. Ammonium chloride augmented the neutral red uptake induced by H. pylori toxin. Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) failed to block the neutral red uptake induced by H. pylori toxin. Leweifang significantly prevented the vacuolation of HeLa cells induced by H. pylori toxin or H. pylori toxin and ammonium chloride. Further investigation is required to determine the mechanisms of Leweifang for the inhibition of vacuole formation of eukaryotic cells in response to the H. pylori toxin.