• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.83-85
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• 2015

본 연구는 수중운동체의 시뮬레이터를 개발하기 위한 기초연구로 수행되어졌다. 미국의 해군수중 무기센터에서 개발중인 Manta형 모양의 무인잠수정을 연구를 위한 기본 모델로 채택하였다[1]. 시뮬레이션은 수중운동체의 조종운동 특성을 고려하여 대각도 운동을 포함하는 6자유도 운동방정식을 사용하였으며, 이때에 사용된 유체력미계수도 대각도와 일반각도를 분류하여 사용하였다[2]. 수치시뮬 레이션은 수평 및 수직 선회 시험, 수평 및 수직 지그재그 시험, 부상운동, 미앤더(meander) 시험을 실시하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.146-159
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 정상흐름 하에서 스포일러가 부착된 해저파이프라인의 자가매설 기구를 분석하기 위하여 유체역학적 특성을 고정도로 해석할 수 있는 Navier-Stokes Solver(LES-WASS-2D)를 이용하였다. 본 논문에서 적용하는 수치모형의 타당성 및 유효성을 확보하기 위하여 기존의 스포일러 유무에 따른 파이프라인 주변의 흐름특성을 나타낸 수리모형실험결과와 비교 분석하였다. 그리고 입사유속, 스포일러의 제원 및 배치에 따른 파이프라인 주변의 수리특성(유동, 와동, 압력)과 작용력 특성을 수치적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 1차적으로 해저파이프에 스포일러가 부착된 경우에 투영면적이 증가함으로 인하여 배후로 빠져나가는 유속이 커지고, 동시에 배후에서 발생하는 후류에 기인한 강한 와동이 발생한다. 그리고 2차적으로는 스포일러의 영향으로 상하 비대칭적인 유동 및 와동장이 발생하고, 이로 인해 비대칭적인 압력장이 형성된다. 이것은 파이프에 작용하는 힘의 비대칭성을 증가시켜 하향의 유체력을 크게 발달시킨다. 이와 같은 두 가지의 큰 원인으로 인하여 스포일러 부착형 해저파이프라인이 자가매설 되는 것으로 이해된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1062-1073
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• 2007

Acoustic Target Strength (TS) is a major parameter of the active sonar equation, which indicates the ratio of the radiated intensity from the source to the re-radiated intensity by a target. In developing a TS equation, it is assumed that the radiated pressure is known and the re-radiated intensity is unknown. This research provides a TS equation for polygonal plates, which is applicable to near field acoustics. In this research, Helmholtz-Kirchhoff formula is used as the primary equation for solving the re-radiated pressure field; the primary equation contains a surface (double) integral representation. The double integral representation can be reduced to a closed form, which involves only a line (single) integral representation of the boundary of the surface area by applying Stoke's theorem. Use of such line integral representations can reduce the cost of numerical calculation. Also Kirchhoff approximation is used to solve the surface values such as pressure and particle velocity. Finally, a generalized definition of Sonar Cross Section (SCS) that is applicable to near field is suggested. The TS equation for polygonal plates in near field is developed using the three prescribed statements; the redection to line integral representation, Kirchhoff approximation and a generalized definition of SCS. The equation developed in this research is applicable to near field, and therefore, no approximations are allowed except the Kirchhoff approximation. However, examinations with various types of models for reliability show that the equation has good performance in its applications. To analyze a general shape of model, a submarine type model was selected and successfully analyzed.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.153-173
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• 2017

On 15 December 2015, China seized an underwater drone belonging to the U.S. in the South China Sea. The underwater drone was then about to be retrieved by the Bowditch, a U.S. naval ship.Although China returned the underwater drone to the U.S. on 20 December 2016, the incident resulted in the considerable controversy involving the use of underwater drones. The reason for this is that the seizure of the underwater drone happened in the exclusive economic zone (hereafter referred to as "EEZ") of the Philippines. Part XIII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter referred to as "UNCLOS") governs the matters of marine scientific research (hereafter referred to as "MSR"). If a State intends to use an underwater drone in the EEZ of another coastal State for the purpose of MSR, the former has to obtain the consent of the latter in accordance with relevant provisions included in Part XIII of the UNCLOS. However, it is not obvious whether the consent of a coastal State should be required to launch an underwater drone in the EEZ of the State for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. Maritime powers such as the U.S. regard hydrographic surveying or military surveying as part of "other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines" found in Article 58(1) of the UNCLOS, or part of the freedom of the high seas. This interpretation is not incompatible with the implications that the UNCLOS has. Nevertheless, Korea cannot accept this kind of interpretation that is supported by maritime powers. The freedom of hydrographic surveying or military surveying could imply that the EEZ of Korea would be full of underwater drones launched by China, Japan or even Russia. Hence, Korea should claim that the data collected for the purpose of MSR cannot be distinguished from that collected for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. This means that hydrographic surveying or military surveying without the consent of a coastal State in the EEZ of the State should not be permitted.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2016

본 연구는 해상 운항체에서 발생하는 소음원의 위치를 3차원적으로 추정하는 방법에 대해 다루었다. 해상 운항체인 선박이나 잠수함의 내부에 존재하는 소음원과 같이 근접이 어려운 경우라도 상대적으로 이동한다면 외부의 수중청음기에 수신된 신호는 도플러 효과가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이동 물체에 의한 도플러 효과를 바탕으로 소음원의 3차원 위치 추정 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 해상 운항체의 알고 있는 위치에 추가의 음원을 설치하여 예상되는 도플러 중심의 범위와 최단 접근점의 범위를 점차 줄여가며 최소자승법을 통하여 내부 소음원의 위치를 추정하였다. 알고리즘을 통해 계산한 값과 이론값을 비교하여 효용성을 입증하였으며, 수치시험을 통해 고정된 두 개의 외부 수중청음기와 음원 역할을 하는 수중체에 고정시킨 한 개의 신호발생기로 도플러 효과를 기반으로한 소음원의 3차원 위치 추정이 가능함을 증명하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2014

일반상선 중 액화천연가스(LNG) 재기화 선박은 기존의 LNG 운반선에 액화된 LNG를 다시 기화할 수 있는 추가설비를 갖춘 선박이다. 이 선박은 해상에서 천연가스를 해저 터미널을 통해 이송하는 수중 터렛 시스템을 보유한다. 하역작업을 완료한 선박이 운항 시에는 수중 터렛이 없음으로 인해 선수부 바닥이 열려 있는 개구부 즉, 오프닝 상태가 발생한다. 본 연구의 주 목적은 오프닝 상태로 운항 시 발생되는 속도손실을 CFD를 이용한 유동해석과 예인수조에서의 모형시험을 통하여 정확하게 파악하였다. 모형시험에서는 나선 상태와 오프닝 상태에서 저항 및 자항성능을 평가하였다. 실험에서는 터프트 법에 의한 유선조사시험을 이용하여 오프닝 내부유동의 변화를 정량적 또는 정성적으로 보다 더 상세한 조사를 하였다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.142-176
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• 2018

So far, the main threat to South Korea was North Korea. That is why South Korea established a strategy based on the threat of North Korea and most of the budget on defense was used to deter North Korea. Even though the neighboring countries(China, Japan, and Russia) are growing as a real threat with abilities and intentions based on their powerful naval forces, South Korea has not yet been able to establish a strategy that regards neighboring countries as a threat. But the decades-old structural mechanism of the Korean security environment is undergoing a radical change on April 27, 2018, through the South-North summit and the Panmunjom Declaration. Under the changing security environment, South Korea was placed in a complicated dilemma that had to deal with threats of two axes(China), three axes(China, Japan), and four axes(Japan, Russia). If the one axis threat(North Korea) is dominated by land threats, the second, third and fourth axis threats are threats from the sea. This paper analyzed the maritime strategy of Korea within the framework of maritime-geopolitics, in other words recognition and expansion of the sphere of maritime. I have designed that the maritime defense space that we can deny from threats is divided into three lines of defense: 1 line (radius 3,000km), 2 lines (2,000km), and 3 lines (1,000km). The three defense zones of the three lines were defined as an active defense(1 line), defensive offense(2 line), active offense(3 line). The three defense zones of the three lines were defined as the sphere of core maritime, As a power to deny the sphere of core maritime, it was analyzed as a maneuvering unit, a nuclear-powered submarine, the establishment of missile strategy, and the fortification of islands station. The marine strategy of South Korea with these concepts and means was defined as 'Offensive Maritime Denial Strategy'.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 북한의 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일의 비행궤적을 시뮬레이션하고 발사방법에 따른 특성을 분석하였다. 최근 북한은 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일의 비행시험을 실시하였으며, 이는 국제적인 안보에 상당한 위협이 되고 있다. 북한은 러시아의 퇴역 잠수함을 해체하는 과정에서 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일 관련 기술을 확보하였고, 이와 관련된 실험을 지속적으로 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 북한의 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일 개발이 완료되고 실전 배치된다면, 이는 우리나라에 비대칭적인 위협 요소로 작용하게 될 것이다. 따라서 이러한 위협에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해서는 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일의 위협에 대한 과학적이고 논리적인 분석이 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 북한의 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일의 운동 모델을 작성하고 이를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 또한 잠수함 발사 탄도미사일의 자세각을 조절하여 사거리를 조정하였으며 이에 대한 특성변화에 대해 기술하였다. 도출된 SLBM 비행궤적을 고려할 때 중간 단계부터 종말 단계까지의 효과적인 대응을 위해서는 해상기반 탄도미사일 방어체계가 필수적으로 요구되어 진다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.495-500
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• 2006

Satellite systems for objects positioning appeared indispensable for performing basic tasks of maritime navigation. Navigation, understood as safe and effective conducting a vehicle from one point to another, within a specific physical-geographical environment. [Kopacz, $Urba{\acute{n}}ski$, 1998]. However, the systems have not solved the problem of accessibility to reliable and highly accurate information about a position of an object, especially if surveyed toward on-shore navigational signs or in sea depth. And it's of considerable significance for many navigational tasks, carried out within the frameworks of special works performance and submarine navigation. In addition, positioning precisely the objects other than vessels, while executing hydrographical works, is not always possible with a use of any satellite system. Difficulties with GPS application show up also while positioning such off-lying dangers as wrecks, underwater and aquatic rocks also other naturaland artificial obstacles. It is caused by impossibility of surveyors approaching directly any such object while its positioning. Moreover, determination of vessels positions mutually (mutual geometrical relations) by teams carrying out one common tasks at sea, demands applying the navigational techniques other than the satellite ones. Vessels'staying precisely on specified positions is of special importance in, among the others, the cases as follows: - surveying vessels while carrying out bathymetric works, wire dragging; - special tasks watercraft in course of carrying out scientific research, sea bottom exploration etc. The problems are essential for maritime economy and the Country defence readiness. Resolving them requires applying not only the satellite navigation methods, but also the terrestrial ones. The condition for implementation of the geo-navigation methods is at present the methods development both: in aspects of their techniques and technologies as well as survey data evaluation. Now, the classical geo-navigation comprises procedures, which meet out-of-date accuracy standards. To enable meeting the present-day requirements, the methods should refer to well-recognised and still developed methods of contemporary geodesy. Moreover, in a time of computerization and automation of calculating, it is feasible to create also such software, which could be applied in the integrated navigational systems, allowing carrying out navigation, provided with combinatory systems as well as with the new positioning methods. Whereas, as regards data evaluation, there should be applied the most advanced achievements in that subject; first of all the newest, although theoretically well-recognised estimation methods, including estimation [Hampel et al. 1986; $Wi{\acute{s}}niewski$ 2005; Yang 1997; Yang et al. 1999]. Such approach to the problem consisting in positioning a vehicle in motion and solid objects under observation enables an opportunity of creating dynamic and interactive navigational structures. The main subject of the theoretical suggested in this paper is the Interactive Navigational Structure. In this paper, the Structure will stand for the existing navigational signs systems, any observed solid objects and also vehicles, carrying out navigation (submarines inclusive), which, owing to mutual dependencies, (geometrical and physical) allow to determine coordinates of this new Structure's elements and to correct the already known coordinates of other elements.

• Strategy21
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• 통권37호
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• pp.5-31
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• 2015

The Republic of Korean Navy (ROKN) started from scratch. However, ROKN demonstrated its Blue Navy capabilities successfully to the entire world by conducting "Operation Early Dawn" at the Aden Bay, Yemen in Jan 2011. On the event of the 70th anniversary of the ROKN, I would like to retrospect past gleaning from voyages and challenges we had in the past. At the very inception of the ROKN, Korean government as well as senior military leaders recognized that it had no time to spare to clean up military those were insinuated deeply by communist agents. It was the top priority of the government. The Mongumpo Operation which was not well known, conducted by ROKN was one of the clean-up drive. The Korean War sometimes called as "a fire from land put-off at the sea". The world famous "Incheon Landing" which reversed war situation from the Nakdong Perimeter also done by Sea Power. ROKN conducted various maritime operations including not only Incheon Landing, but amphibious operation at Hungnam, mine sweeping, sea convoy, Wonsan Withdrawal. On the same day of the Korean War started, 25th June 1950, unless the victory of the ROKNS Baekdusan (PC 701) at the Korean Strait, the waning lamp light of Korea could not be rekindled by the participation of the U.N. The ROKN rescued the 17th regiment of Korean Army from the isolation at the Ongjin Peninsular and transported gold and silver bars stored at the Bank of Korea to the Navy supply deposit in Jinhae safely. ROKN special intelligence unit conducted critical HUMINT which led Incheon Landing success. One of important mission ROKN conducted successfully was not only transporting war fighting materials but also U.S. provided grains to starving Koreans. ROKN participated Vietnam campaign from 1960s and conducted numerous maritime transportation operations supplying materials to Vietnam military forces along the long coastal lines. Experienced Naval Officers and enlisted men who discharged and acquired as merchant marine certificate supported most of the U.S. sea lift operations throughout the Vietnam campaign. ROK-US Combined Forces which had been honed and improved its war fighting capabilities through the Korean War and out of Vietnam jungle playing key deterrent against threat from north Korea. However, those threat level will be completely different when north Korea finish its nuclear weapon ambition. In order to stand firm against north Korean nuclear threat, I would like to expect strong political leadership supporting nuclear submarine for ROKN.