• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권sup1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

The tiny fragment of freshwater body is providing home for huge biodiversity and resources for the existence of human. The competing demand for freshwater have been increased rapidly and it caused the declination of biodiversity in recent decades. Unlike the natural process of extinction in gradual progress, the current species extinction is accelerated by human activity. As a result many fish species are already extinct or alive only in captivity in the world and about fifty eight animal species are in endangered in Korea including eighteen freshwater species. Conservation of biodiversity is the process by which the prevention of loss or damage is attained, and is often associated with management of the natural environment. The practical action is classified into in-situ, or ex-situ depending on the location of the conservation effort. Recovery means the process by which the status of endangerment is improved to persist in the wild by re-introduction of species from ex-situ conservation population into nature or translocation of some population. However there are a lot of restrictions to complete it and successful results are known very rare in case. In this article the authors explore some strategies for conservation and restoration of freshwater fish species conducted in Korea for few years. The major causes are discussed in relation with the decline of freshwater fish diversity during few decades and some strategies are evaluated to advance the process of conservation. A study on the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus, is introduced as a case for ex-situ conservation and restoration in freshwater ecosystem.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2003

In this paper, we introduce a category of Multi-FNN (Fuzzy-Neural Networks) models, analyze the underlying architectures and propose a comprehensive identification framework. The proposed Multi-FNNs dwell on a concept of fuzzy rule-based FNNs based on HCM clustering and evolutionary fuzzy granulation, and exploit linear inference being treated as a generic inference mechanism. By this nature, this FNN model is geared toward capturing relationships between information granules known as fuzzy sets. The form of the information granules themselves (in particular their distribution and a type of membership function) becomes an important design feature of the FNN model contributing to its structural as well as parametric optimization. The identification environment uses clustering techniques (Hard C - Means, HCM) and exploits genetic optimization as a vehicle of global optimization. The global optimization is augmented by more refined gradient-based learning mechanisms such as standard back-propagation. The HCM algorithm, whose role is to carry out preprocessing of the process data for system modeling, is utilized to determine the structure of Multi-FNNs. The detailed parameters of the Multi-FNN (such as apexes of membership functions, learning rates and momentum coefficients) are adjusted using genetic algorithms. An aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is proposed in order to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization (predictive) abilities of the model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, two numeric data sets are experimented with. One is the numerical data coming from a description of a certain nonlinear function and the other is NOx emission process data from a gas turbine power plant.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

이 연구는 소득과 불평등 간의 관계에 대한 다양한 논의가 진행되고 있는 가운데 임가의 소득과 소득불평등 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 동태적 접근법을 통해 그 관계를 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 단위근 검정과 공적분 검정을 실시한 후 불안정한 시계열 자료를 안정적인 시계열 자료로 변환시킨 후 VAR 모형을 추정하였고 이를 바탕으로 충격반응, 분산분해 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 임가 소득의 영향이 지니계수에 의한 영향에 비해 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타났으며 임가 소득의 충격이 자체 소득을 증가시키는 방향으로 작용할 뿐만 아니라 지니계수를 감소시키는 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지니계수의 충격은 임가 소득을 감소시키는 방향으로 영향을 미치며 소득불평등을 더욱 심화시키는 것을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 임가 소득불평등을 완화시키기 위해서는 소득분배 정책보다는 소득성장 정책이 보다 효과적일 수 있을 것이라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The mechanism of psychotherapy is explained by the recent developments in neuroscience and neuroimaging. The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of psychotherapy and to discuss the future of psychotherapy improvement with the help of advances of the neurobiological findings in psychotherapy. For this study, we investigated a wide range of materials. We searched for various researches on psychotherapy, brain, and neurobiology. In addition to the conventional psychodynamic psychotherapy, we investigated research findings on cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Moreover, based on the actual experiences of treating patients, we speculated the neurobiological mechanisms of the process and results of psychotherapy. With the development of neuroscience, we are now able to understand the personal consciousness, unconsciousness and developmental process. Also subdividing the disease is made possible. Personalized treatment has become available, and we are able to predict the prognosis of patients. Our memories are composed by implicit memory and explicit memory. By psychotherapy, we can consciously remember explicit memory, and it becomes easier to explore implicit memory through free association. Through psychotherapy, we will also be able to learn the effect of acquired environment and experience. Psychotherapy is able to correct human behaviors by modifying the memories. Through the regulation of emotions, it becomes possible to modify the memories and correct the behaviors. In this process, doctor-patient relationship is the main factor which cause positive treatment effects. Furthermore imagination therapy or unconscious, non-verbal stimuli could bring about positive treatment effects. Now psychotherapy could be explained and studied by neuroscientific researches. In this sense, we could provide the direction of future advances in neuroscience by the neurobiological understanding of psychotherapy.

• 복식
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2011

The traditional masculinity has been gradually diversified towards the 21th century due to a new social environment. Men embrace his feminine side with heightened aesthetic sense using cosmetic products for better skin, hair, and nails. This diversification of male image and his beauty style proves the addition of feminity to masculinity. C. G. Jung felt that we are all really bisexual in nature. The anima is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men and it is the archetype through which we communicate with the collective unconscious generally, and it is important to get into touch with it for self-realization. This study analyzes subconscious desire based on the anima archetype in the collective unconscious of men through the diversity of the gender identity shown in men's cosmetic advertisements, and therefore it aim to help developing a marketing strategy of male beauty industry in the future. For this purpose, it conducted an empirical analysis of male beauty style in cosmetic advertisements through the Jungian anima theory. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, gender identity represented in cosmetic advertisements was typified as Retrosexual, Ubersexual, Metrosexual, Cross sexual. Second, the anima archetype stimulates feminity in male beauty style. Cross sexual type has the highest feminine tendency. Third, range of utilization of cosmetic products is articulated with the diverse gender identity. Cross sexual type is most similar to the female beauty style. This feminization of male beauty style is the external expression of collective unconscious and affords human being to reach self-realization.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

본고에서는 부르디외의 이론을 바탕으로 취향(또는 기호)이 개인에게 내재되어 있는 것의 발현이 아니라 살아온 환경 및 아비투스에 의해 결정지어지며, 이러한 취향(또는 기호)은 모방과 동조의 자연스러운 흐름으로 이어진다고 본다. 이 흐름이 바로 다수의 승인으로부터 정당성을 확보한 유행이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 유행의 본질은 헤게모니적 역학 관계 안에 존재하며, 서로의 (계급 문화적) 동질성과 차이점을 결정짓는 데에 있다. 이러한 점에서 유행이 유통되는 창구로서의 대중문화 역시 기득권에 정당성을 부여한다는 비판에서 자유로울 수 없다. 따라서 본고에서는 유행과 대중문화를 통한 지배 전략에 대한 경계를 늦추지 말아야 할 것과 이를 위한 인식의 전환을 요구한다. 이 과정에서 최근 디지털 첨단 기술의 발전에 따른 팬덤문화 및 대안문화는 대중의 상호간 소통을 통한 대중문화 형성의 주체성과 역동성을 기대하게 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2010

새로운 미디어의 등장으로 디지털 시대 테크놀로지의 풍요로움 속에 우리의 삶의 변화를 가져왔다. 기술은 발전하면 할수록 우리의 생활은 더욱 새롭고 편리하고 미래지향적인 디지털 시대를 기대하는 반면에, 사람들은 따뜻한 인간의 감수성에 대한 그리움을 갖게 되었다. 모더니즘에 대한 반성으로 나타난 포스트모더니즘과 디지털미디어의 확산을 통해 다양화되는 복잡한 문화 속에서 방황하고 있다. 디지털 시대에 심리적으로 또는 정신적으로 안정을 되찾고 싶어 하는 사람들의 욕구가 생기기 시작하면서 디지털시대의 역기능적인 부분에 대한 문제점이 제시되고 있다. 인간에 대한 감성에 부응하는 사용자의 감성 반응을 고려하는 아날로그 감성디자인이 나타나기 시작했다. 디지털 미디어에 있어서 아날로그감성을 표현하기 위한 실질적인 방향에서의 접근이 시도되어야 한다. 디지털환경에서 아날로그감성은 디지털기술과 커뮤니케이션의 특성과 사람들의 기호와 정서적인 측면을 조화시켜나가면서 새롭게 확장, 변화하고 있으며, 진화하는 아날로그 감성디자인에 대한 새로운 가능성과 발전성을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 복식
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the art nouveau fashion represented in the end of the twentieth century. The characteristics of art nouveau are naturalism, medievalism , exoticism, and decadentism. The influences of art nouveau were seen in the fashion of the late nineteenth century : S-curve silhouette and organic curve motives printed on hems. Art nouveau has reappeared in modern fashion trends such as romanticism , decadence, ecology, ethno, and fusion. To sum up, art nouveau fashion at the end of the twentieth century is classified into four shapes. First, art nouveau appears in naturalism. Influenced by the arts and crafts movements and naturalistic trend, it has reappeared at the end of the twentieth century in themes like 'art & craft'. This expression technique is to objectively nature and to represented art nouveau textiles. Second, S-curve silhouette appeared at the end of nineteenth century's fashion with the art nouveau influenced rejection of the bustle style. At the end of the twentieth century, the design , emphasizing the hip, is represented in fashion collections as a phenomenon of romanticism . Especially the art nouveau silhouette of the end of the twentieth century does not represent S-curve silhouette. But , it emphasizes the hip only. Third, Art nouveau exoticism by symbolism is influenced by Chinese and Celtic art, the Middle Ages, and the exoticism that appeared in fashion at the end of the nineteenth century : harem style, kimono style, and turbans. Exoticism at the end of the twentieth century is expressed by optical flower prints and successive floral print arrangements as seen in the themes of ethno and fusion. Fourth, one of the characteristics of art nouveau, decadence is influenced by the pre-raphaelite brotherhood. This is expressed in the images of vampires, and symbolism expressing grotesque insect motives and decadent successive curves. At the end of the twentieth century decadence is represented in fashion ; grotesque insect motives, tatto looks of organic curve motives celtic hair style, see-through fashion, grotesque make-up . Besides hair style techniques, decadent expressions applying art nouveau paintings also appeared. Finally , art nouveau fashion represented as a fashion trend at the turning point to the new millennium is one of great significance as an organic, an environment-intimate and continuance-possible design in a future.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 수용액에서 Pb(II)를 흡착 제거하기 위하여 커피찌꺼기(spent coffee grounds; SCG)와 점토광물인 견운모(sericite)를 혼합하여 복합흡착제(SS)를 제조하였다. FT-IR 분석결과 SS의 주요 관능기는 O-H, C=O와 C-N 그룹이었다. SS의 비표면적, 기공직경 그리고 양이온 치환 용량은 SCG와 sericite보다 크고, 높았다. SS 흡착제 제조를 위한 최적의 조건은 소성온도 $300^{\circ}C$, SCG : sericite 비율 8 : 2, 입자의 크기는 0.3 mm이었다. SS 흡착제를 이용하여 Pb(II)를 제거하기 위한 실험에서는 Langmuir 흡착식이 Freundlich보다 적합하였으며, Langmuir 등온흡착식에 의한 Pb(II)의 최대 흡착용량은 44.42 mg/g이었다. 또한, 열역학 분석에 의하면 SS 흡착제를 이용한 Pb(II)의 흡착 공정은 물리적인 흡착이었으며, 자연적인 발열반응이었다. SS 흡착제의 흡착-탈착 실험에서는 88-92%를 회수할 수 있었으나, 탈착 횟수가 증가할수록 SS 흡착제의 활성사이트는 감소하였다. 위의 실험결과 SS 흡착제는 전처리 없이 저렴하고, 효율적으로 Pb(II)를 수용액에서 흡착 제거할 수 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Cyanotoxins in aquatic ecosystems have been investigated by many researchers worldwide. Cyanotoxins can be classified according to toxicity as neurotoxins (anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), saxitoxins) or hepatotoxins (microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin). Microcystins are generally present within cyanobacterial cells and are released by damage to the cell membrane. Cyanotoxins have been reported to cause adverse effects and to accumulate in aquatic organisms in lakes, rivers and oceans. Possible pathways of microcystins in Lake Suwa, Japan, have been investigated from five perspectives: production, adsorption, physiochemical decomposition, bioaccumulation and biodegradation. In this study, temporal variability in microcystins in Lake Suwa were investigated over 25 years (1991~2015). In nature, microcystins are removed by biodegradation of microorganisms and/or feeding of predators. However, during water treatment, the use of copper sulfate to remove algal cells causes extraction of a mess of microcystins. Cyanotoxins are removed by physical, chemical and biological methods, and the reduction of nutrients inflow is a basic method to prevent cyanobacterial bloom formation. However, this method is not effective for eutrophic lakes because nutrients are already present. The presence of a cyanotoxins can be a potential threat and therefore must be considered during water treatment. A complete understanding of the mechanism of cyanotoxins degradation in the ecosystem requires more intensive study, including a quantitative enumeration of cyanotoxin degrading microbes. This should be done in conjunction with an investigation of the microbial ecological mechanism of cyanobacteria degradation.