• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2021

It is necessary to set a management period by analyzing growth trends for individual species because the time taken for planted trees to become established differs by species. The purpose of this study was to suggest an appropriate management period through the analysis of the annual growth of Pinus densiflora planted in the riverine eco belt. The average annual growth before planting was 0.6cm. The growth after planting showed an increase of 0.3cm in the 1st and 2nd year, 0.5cm in the 3rd and 4th year, and 0.7cm after the 5th year. Since P. densiflora was confirmed to go through poor growth stages in the 1st and 2nd year, a recovery stage in the 3rd and 4th year, and a normal growth stage in the 5th year, management should pay more attention to improve inappropriate environmental conditions until at least the 4th year, unlike the growth of hardwood. Since the period required for activation by species may vary, the management period of each species will need to be set through growth research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 1994

Lipoxygenase is involved in the formation of certain undesirable flavors of soybean products. Three isozymes(L-1, L-2 and L-3) of lipoxygenase have been identified in soybean seeds, and the three types of mutants lacking L-1, L-2 and L-3, respectively, were detected in the 1980's. In this paper, lipoxygenase activity was measured to investigate the response of lipoxygenase in organs and tissues during soybean development. There was no tendency according to genotypes between lipoxygenase lacking mutants and normal soybeans in lipoxygenase activity of leaf at $V_3$ and $V_5$ stage. Likewise, pod wall lipoxygenase was no difference among genotypes tested at R$_{6}$ stage. Seed coat lipoxygenase activity was similar among the lipoxygenase lacking mutants, while normal soybean was lower as compared with that of the lipoxygenase lacking mutants. Embryo and cotyledon lipoxygenase activity in the lipoxygenase lacking mutants was much lower than that of normal soybean, also there was large difference among lipoxygenase lacking mutants. Thus, the lipoxygenase null mutant showed very weak value although the lacking L-3 mutant had a large effect on developing embryo lipoxygenase activity. It was suggested that soybean lipoxygenase isozymes expressed in embryo may be different from those expressed in the pod wall and leaf tissues.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2015

The stage II fretting fatigue crack growth and branching, i.e., the process of fretting fatigue crack growth starting in an inclined direction and then changing to the normal direction, is analyzed using the finite element method. The fretting fatigue experiment data of A7075-T6 are used in the analysis. The applicability of maximum tangential stress intensity factor, maximum tangential stress intensity factor range, and maximum crack growth rate as the crack growth direction criteria is examined. It is revealed that the stage II crack growth before and after the branching cannot be simulated with a single criterion, but can be done when different criteria are applied to the two stages of crack growth. Moreover, a method to determine the crack length at which the branching occurs is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1995

Variation of sintered density of BaTiO3 powder calcined at 120$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$ was investigated with respect to the grain growth behavior. It was found that BaTiO3 powder, which was calcined at 120$0^{\circ}C$, showed abnormal grain growth behavior during sintering process. At initial stage of sintering process, the densification rate of specimen was accelerated with rapid grain growth caused by the abnormal grain growth. But with the increase of sintering time, abnormally grown grain met each other and the density of specimen decreased drastically due to coalescence of pores located in triple junction. On the contrary, BaTiO3 powder calcined at 135$0^{\circ}C$ showed normal grain growth behavior and gradually densified with the increase of sintering time.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of growth characteristics and reproductive physiology in cloned Hanwoo male calves during growing stage. The hematological parameters, body weight, and plasma hormonal levels, birth to 12 months, were analyzed in the cloned calves (n=3). Differences among treatment means were determined by a student t-test. A probability of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The hematological parameters, such as white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet, were not different in both normal and cloned calves. The difference of body weight, however, was significantly higher in the cloned calves, $5{\sim}6$ months (p<0.05) and $7{\sim}12$ months (p<0.01), than that of the comparators, respectively. The plasma IGF-1 level was statistically significant in the cloned calves, $5{\sim}10$ months, compared to that of the normal calves (p<0.05). However, the plasma testosterone level was not different in both normal and clone calves according to growing stage. Taken together, the cloned Hanwoo male calves are growing faster and maintaining a normal reproductive physiology.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.619-630
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• 2009

To investigate the hair growth activity of fractions and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma in the hair removed skin of normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model in C57B/6N mice. These experiments were performed with the macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical(VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha}$, TGF and FGF) and RT-PCR(TGF-${\beta}$, IGF, prolactin and placenta lactogen) methods. The results were as follows: Macroscopic observation after topical application of vehicle, 50% EtOH as control and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma to the hair removed skin of C57BL/6N mice on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. Extensive hair growth activity was observed in treated group with extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. In Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the normal mice on 15th day. But in control group, most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma increased expression of IGF(145%) and placenta lactogen(108%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). But expression of TGF-${\beta}$(90%) and prolactin(91%) decreased in the skin of normal C57B/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). After application of fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) of Arisaematis Rhizoma extract for 9th day, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 50% of normal mice. But in control group, hair growth effect was not observed in whole skin area of normal mice. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha$ and FGF in skin of fractions of Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts was strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, cutaneous trunci m., subcutaneous tissue, root sheath compare to control group on the 9th day. In spontaneous alopecia areata model, The hair growth activity of Arisaematis Rhizoma extrat treated group(75%) was observed to be strong compared to control group(O%) on 7th day. These experiments suggest that fractions and extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity. Thus it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2005

The neuronal cytoskeleton is essential for establishment of neuronal polarity, but mechanisms controlling generation of polarity in the cytoskeleton are poorly understood. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Fer, has been shown to bind to microtubules and to interact with several actin-regulatory proteins. Furthermore, Fer binds p120 catenin and has been shown to regulate cadherin function by modulating cadherin-${\beta}$-catenin interaction. Here we show involvement of Fer in neuronal polarization and neurite development. Fer is concentrated in growth cones together with cadherin, ${\beta}$-catenin, and cortactin in stage 2 hippocampal neurons. Inhibition of Fer-p120 catenin interaction with a cell-permeable inhibitory peptide (FerP) increases neurite branching. In addition, the peptide significantly delays conversion of one of several dendrites into an axon in early stage hippocampal neurons. FerP-treated growth cones also exhibit modified localization of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. Together, this indicates that the Fer-p120 interaction is required for normal neuronal polarization and neurite development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1968

In order to investigate the growth pattern of sugar beet in Korea, this experiment was conducted using variety GW 359 at Tae-kwan-ryong, Suwon and Cheju. The results are summarized as follows; 1. At Tae-kwan-ryong, early growth stage was relatively long and during higher growing stage plants showed resistance to leaf spot disease, and vegetative maturing started from about September 15th. Top and root growth showed normal curve but it is considered that the early maturing variety will reduce the early growing period and prolong the vegetative maturing period. 2. At Suwon, the growth of top part was favorable until late of July but hereafter leaf spot disease brought death to the 25-35 leaves of top part and regenerated again in October. Consequently, sugar content of root showed changes from decrease to increase. Root weight increased from July to harvest season continunousely but showed abnormal growing curve. This indicates that Suwon is not proper place for sugar beet cultivation. 3. At Cheju, early growing stage was shorter about 15 days than that of Tae-kwan-ryong. Normal growth and long-maturing days favored the sugar accumulation in roots. But it is necessary to introduce non-bolting variety in autumn-winter season culture. 4. Sugar beet could be cultivated economically at Tae-kwan-ryong with 600-800 meter altitude for summer crop and at Cheju for winter crop, but Suwon is considered to be unfavorable for sugar beet.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Heat shock protein(HSP) 27 is a member of the small HSP family that plays a part in the epithelial cell growth and differentiation, wound healing. apoptosis and cell protection against inflammatory cytotoxic mediators. The expression of HSP27 was investigated in normal laryngeal tissue and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Materials and Methods : We studied expression of HSP27 by Western blot on 20 patients of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Results： HSP27 expressed in all normal and cancer tissues. In 9 cases(45%), expression of HSP27 more prominent in cancer tissue. Statistically, there were no significant difference in the expression of HSP27 in normal and cancer tissue, clinical stage and tumor differentiation. Conclusion 45% of cancer tissues was more prominent than normal tissue. But further studies on expression of HSP27 in laryngeal cancer and relationship with clinical parameter should be done.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2008

Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per $m^2$ was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per $m^2$ was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was $98{\sim}99%$ level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.