• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2002

It is well known that the maximum amplitude of accommodation decreases with increasing age.(Presbyopia). With single vision lenses presbyopia can be corrected only for one viewing distance. With progressive power lenses presbyopia can be corrected for all viewing distances. But there are some other changes in the visual system with age which can not be corrected by spectacle lenses. Pupillary diameter decreases and the light transmission of the ocular media decreases. Therefore old people need more light, they need better illumination. Cone density in the retina decreases, this is only one example for changes in the sensory system. These changes in the visual system cause changes in visual functions. At the age of 80 visual acuity has decreased to half. Contrast sensitivity for gratings decreases mainly for high spatial frequencies very important is the increase of stray light in the ocular media and therefore the increase of glare. Veiling luminance increases by a multiple of approximately 4, Dark adaptation gets slower and light sensitivity is approximately 2 log units (factor 100) less when the eye is completely dark adapted. Also colour vision gets worse, especially at low luminances. Elderly people have problems with visual tasks which require divided attention between foveal and peripheral vision. An example is the measurement of the useful field of view. This useful field of view be expanded (improved) by visual training.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.651-676
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• 2017

Shadow images are a representative medium and means of expression for the imagination that exists between consciousness and unconsciousness for thousands of years. Wherever light exists, people create play with their own shadows without special skills, and have made a fantasy at once. Shadow images have long been used as subjects and materials of literacy, art, philosophy, and popular culture. Especially in the field of art, people have been experimenting with visual stimulation through the uniqueness of simple silhouettes images. In the field of animation, it became to be recognized as a form of non - mainstream areas that are difficult to make. However, shadow images have been used more actively in the field of digital arts and media art. In this Environment with technologies, Various formative imaginations are being expressed more with shadow images in a new dimension. This study is to introduce and analyze these trends, the aesthetic transformations and extended methods focusing on digital silhouette animation and recent media art works using shadow images. Screen-based silhouette animation combines digital technology and new approaches that have escaped conventional methods have removed most of the elements that have been considered limitations, and these factors have become a matter of choice for the directors. Especially, in the display environment using various light sources, projection, and camera technology, shadow images were expressed with multiple-layered virtual spaces, and it becomes possible to imagine a new extended imagination. Through the computer vision, it became possible to find new gaze and spatial images and use it more flexibly. These changes have given new possibility to the use shadow images in a different way.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.209-228
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• 2011

Web search behavior has evolved. People now search using many diverse information devices in various situations. To monitor these scattered and shifting search patterns, an improved way of learning and analysis are needed. Traditional web search studies relied on the server transaction logs and single query instance analysis. Since people use multiple smart devices and their searching occurs intermittently through a day, a bundled query research could look at the whole context as well as penetrating search needs. To observe and analyze bundled queries, we developed a proprietary research software set including a log catcher, query bundling tool, and bundle monitoring tool. In this system, users' daily search logs are sent to our analytic server, every night the users need to log on our bundling tool to package his/her queries, a built in web survey collects additional data, and our researcher performs deep interviews on a weekly basis. Out of 90 participants in the study, it was found that a normal user generates on average 4.75 query bundles a day, and each bundle contains 2.75 queries. Query bundles were categorized by; Query refinement vs. Topic refinement and 9 different sub-categories.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.251-276
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• 2014

This study scrutinizes the common sense in the field of disability employment that the bigger the size of a firm, the lower the employment rate of people with disabilities. This common sense has been established by conventional cross-tabulation and multiple regression analyses without taking into account possible interactions between the sizes of firms and the industries in which they operate. This study shows that the distribution of the disability employment rate violates the linearity and homoscedasticity assumptions of the OLS. In an effort to find models that explain the data better, this study fits the OLS model, the weighted linear regression model, and the multinomial logit model as well as the path analysis which is meant to examine the relationships between firm size and other variables relevant to disability employment. The result shows that, when an interaction term between firm size and industry is added to the model, firm size does not have any significant effect on disability employment rate for those firms with 100 or more regular employees, to the contrary of the findings of prior studies. It also demonstrates that other factors such as job setting, the extent of helpfulness of disability employment employers perceive, employers' care for disability, and employers' awareness of disability policies may matter more than does firm size. This study proposes that future research and policy implementation for disability employment should pay no less attention to industry and other factors mentioned above than to firm size.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

Relapse is one of the most series problems in alcoholics treatment. Previous studies have shown that significant proportions of treated alcoholics show an early relapse and go through a chronic phase. It is necessity to find more effective relapse prevention program. The Purpose of this study was to develop a relapse prevention program that emphasis on group activities using various action methods. Previous studies revealed that there was no effective therapeutic strategy to prevent relapse and proposed that action methods were more practical ways to be able ti cope with high-risk situation than verbal methods such as discussions and lectures. The special attempt of this program was the application of various actions methods and the integration of many psychosocial therapeutic strategies as compared with many relapse prevention programs. The theoretical framework of this relapse prevention program was based on mainly the Marlatt's Relapse Prevention model and Prochescha and DiClemente's Transtheoretical model. This Program consists of eight structure sessions. Every session has three phase: Warm-up phase, action phase, and sharing phase as sociodrama structure. Sociodrama is based on many of the principles of adult learning. And sociodrama looks at how groups work through an understanding of systems and role theory. Therefore, in working with a group a therapist might explore with them the roles that people play, roles that are missing at present such a visionary and how people can develop new roles or new ways of playing existing roles. The researchers explained the purpose of this study to all participants after their agreement to participate. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from all participants. Every session allows participants to recognize personal specific high-risk situation and to examine possible coping behaviors creatively. Multiple solutions can be proposed, tested and evaluated dramatically, giving new insights or breakthroughs in thinking. This is vital for the initiation of change, and if appropriate, expanding new role development. The first two sessions aim at understanding of relapse process and recognize of high-risk situations focused on orientation about action methods. The next four sessions deal with high-risk situations. The last two sessions give participants opportunities to venture new life-styles. The methods and approaches used in this program utilized as a tool to explore and practice possible coping strategies. and this program can contribute to prevent relapse episode if tune with the particular high-risk situation by using active practices in safe environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

Smartphone use has become a part of everyday life, not only for adolescents but also for elderly and older people. Thus, this study explored the effect of demographic variables, the amount of smartphone usage, type of smartphone use and psychosocial variables on smartphone dependence of the elder group. We analyzed the data of 5627 (50s and 60s) of the Internet overdependence survey data of the Korea Information Society Agency in 2016. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, More frequency of smartphone use of weekday and weekend, and usage time of smartphone of weekday were related to greater smartphone dependence. More smartphone use for information seeking and games were associated with greater smartphone dependence. And, as loneliness and anxiety increased, smartphone dependence increased, while smartphone dependence decreased, as social capital increased. Through this study, it is necessary to understand characteristics related to smartphone dependence of elder and older group, and to use this knowledge to solve their smartphone dependence. Future studies also need to identify the causal relationship between predictors of smartphone dependence in elderly and older people.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.4
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• pp.83-118
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• 2006

This study is to develop digital leadership in a field of national defense. Today, korean society is facing the crisis of national security. But national defense leadership is not show in the circumstance of national security crisis. As you know, national defense leadership is a process that make use of influence. Which means it converges people's interest and demands well and also show people the right vision of national defense and make them to comply the policy about national security. Because of the environmental change, our national defense leadership is having a new turning point. First, international order, which is under post-cold war, raises possibility of guarantee of peace and security in international society but also, cause the increase of multiple uncertainty and small size troubles in security circumstance. In addition, Korean society is rushing into democratization and localization period by success in peaceful change of political power went through about three times. The issue of political neutralization of military is stepping into settlement but still, negative inheritance of old military regime is worrying about it. In this situation, we can't expect rise in estimation about the importance of security and military's reason for being. So, military have to give their concern to not only internal maintenance of order and control and growth of soldiers but also developing external leadership to strength influence to society and military's the reason for being. So for these alternative I'm suggesting a digital leadership of national defense which fits digital era. This digital leadership is the leadership which can accept and understand digital technology and lead the digital organization. To construct digital national defense we need a practical leadership. The leadership has to be digital leadership with digital competence that can direct vision of digital national defense and carry out the policy. A leader who ha s digital leadership can lead the digital society. The ultimate key to construct digital government, digital corporate and digital citizen depends on digital leader with digital mind. To be more specific, digital leadership has network leadership, next generation leadership, knowledge driven management leadership, innovation oriented leadership. A leader with this kind of leadership is the real person with digital leadership. From now on, to rise this, we have to build up human resource development strategy and develop educational training program.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 1996

This study was performed to analyze the patient's experience during the progress of disease in the patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee Joint. The examine was consisted of five patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee joint from Dec. 4. 1995 to May, 20, 1996 at C university hospital. After hospitalization, the physical and psycho-logical status of the patients during preoperation, postoperation and discharge was examined. The data were examined according to the ethnographic method. The results are as follows. The patients experienced the periods of embarrasment, conflict, before surgery suffering, acceptance period after surgery. In the embarrasment period, the patients take a multiple medication therapy including hospital treatment, oriental medication and folk medication to ameliorate joint pain after first diagnosis on arthritis. The embarrasment period includes compulsive drug medication, oriental medication, folk medication, trouble some, sadness and survey of hospitals. In the conflict period, the patients consider the operation of knee because of working difficulty and severe Joint Pain, while they feel anxiety about the surgery. They condemn their physical situations. They have the conflict and anxiety on surgical operation. they consider the quality of life. They hope the surgery makes patients to improve walking ability. This period includes self-condemned, sorry, tiresomeness, expectation, worrisomeness, anxiety and hesitance. In the suffering period, the patients experience post operation physical discomfort after the total knee replacement. They do physical exercise, including extension and straight leg raising to maintain walking ability, while they endure to wait approximately 6 months for normal walking movements and they are also unstable to environmental people's sight. This period includes postoperative pain, continuous discomfort, inability and communication difficulty to other's people. In the acceptance period, the patients consider longerity of artificial Joint and also endure mild remaining joint pain. Some of them have religions for their wellbeing of life. This period include a self-protesting policy, abandonment, self-consolation, dependence on religions. According to the result from this study I suggested these shown below. 1) After replacement surgery of knee joint, continuous investigation on outcome patient is necessary. 2) It is also necessary to analyze on patient's experiences, who are taken the replacement surgery of hip Joint. 3) Study on disease experiences of patients with rhematoid arthritis, who take drug medication and physical therapy alone without surgery, is necessary. 4) Investigation on patient's favorable folk medication may be helpful to analyze disease experience of patients with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2010

This study was conducted to derive useful predictive variations for the qualitative supply of homes to provide information to real estate venture businesses and other business owners in neighborhood amenities and significant basic information to housing suppliers and policy makers. For this purpose, a number of apartment dwellers in Seoul were surveyed to examine their housing satisfaction, difference in housing satisfaction according to variables, and any relevant correlations. In detail, 500 apartment dwellers in Seoul were surveyed from September 1, 2009 to September 20, 2009 to gather resources that were processed through SPSS 14.0 to find percentage of frequency, mean, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan Multiple Ranger's Test. The following were the findings of this study: First, housing satisfaction of apartment dwellers in Seoul was above average with the highest satisfaction with neighborhood environment. Second, satisfaction with amenities was significantly affected by dweller-related variables. Gangnam dwellers were more satisfied with housing environment and community environment than Gangbuk dwellers. By age, people in 20s and 30s showed high satisfaction with housing environment. Satisfaction with community environment was high among 20s, 30s and 40s. Satisfaction with management conditions was high among 20s. Also, satisfaction was high when housing period was between 1 and 10 years. By size, dwellers in 40py or larger homes showed high satisfaction with housing environment and management conditions. Dwellers in 30py and 40py or larger homes were satisfied with community environment. By ownership, dwellers with ownership of their homes showed high satisfaction. Third, there was a significant difference in satisfaction with neighborhood and social environments according to dweller-related variables. By region, dwellers of Gangnam area showed high satisfaction with neighborhood environment. By age, people in 20s, 30s and 40s showed high satisfaction with neighborhood environment. Also, satisfaction with neighborhood environment was high when housing period was around 10 years. By size, dwellers in 30py and 40py or larger homes were satisfied with neighborhood and social environments. Fourth, there was a close correlation between satisfaction with housing environment and satisfaction with community environment, and between satisfaction with community environment and satisfaction with management conditions. Thus, most dwellers that were satisfied with one variable of housing environment showed high satisfaction with other variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1350-1358
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• 2013

For this study, in order to understand the perception level of foot reflex therapy and clarify its related factors among customers using foot care service centers, a survey was conducted based on structured self-administered questionnaire with 181 users of three foot care service centers located in Daejeon between September 1 and October 30, 2011. The results showed that the average score in perception level of the subjects regarding foot reflex therapy was $32.19{\pm}5.32$(Score scale of the 11 items 0-44) and people with higher level of education had a significantly higher perception level(p=0.020).The perception level based on attitude and practice of foot reflex therapy was significantly higher in the group who do it "to heal illness"(p=0.034); and who "had illness" at the time when they started the therapy (p=0.030); when they used the foot massage for a longer period (p=0.000); and those in the group who would "recommend it"(p=0.004). In multiple regression analysis, among the factors that affect perception level of foot reflex massage, reason for using foot reflex therapy, health state when starting foot reflex massage, period of using foot reflex massage, and experience of recommendation to other people were selected as significant variables, with the explanatory power of 26.1%. The results suggest that perception level of foot care service users regarding foot reflex therapy are more correlated to variables that explain their attitude and practice than general characteristic variables.