• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1080-1086
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• 2005

The preliminary design optimization of multi-stage spur gear reduction units has been a subject of considerable interest, since many high-performance power transmission applications (e.g., automotive and aerospace) require high-performance gear reduction units. There are multiple objectives in the optimal design of multi-stage spur gear reduction unit, such as minimizing the volume and maximizing the surface fatigue life. It is reasonable to formulate the design of spur gear reduction unit as a multi-objective optimization problem, and find an appropriate approach to solve it. In this paper an interactive physical programming approach is developed to place physical programming into an interactive framework in a natural way. Class functions, which are used to represent the designer's preferences on design objectives, are fixed during the interactive physical programming procedure. After a Pareto solution is generated, a preference offset is added into the class function of each objective based on whether the designer would like to improve this objective or sacrifice the objective so as to improve other objectives. The preference offsets are adjusted during the interactive physical programming procedure, and an optimal solution that satisfies the designer's preferences is supposed to be obtained by the end of the procedure. An optimization problem of three-stage spur gear reduction unit is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2006

Interactive Fuzzy Physical Programming (IFPP) developed in this paper is a new efficient multi-objective optimization method, which retains the advantages of physical programming while considering the fuzziness of the designer's preferences. The fuzzy preference function is introduced based on the model of linear physical programming, which is used to guide the search for improved solutions by interactive decision analysis. The example of multi-objective optimization design of the spindle of internal grinder demonstrates that the improved preference conforms to the subjective desires of the designer.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a hybrid multi.system-on-chip (H-MSoC) architecture that provides a high-flexibility system in a rapid development time. The H-MSoC approach provides a flexible system-on-chip (SoC) architecture that is easy to configure for physical- and application-layer development. The physical- and application-layer aspects are dynamically designed and modified; hence, it is important to consider a design methodology that supports rapid SoC development. Physical layer development refers to intellectual property cores or other modular hardware (HW) development, while application layer development refers to user interface or application software (SW) development. H-MSoC is built from multi-SoC architectures in which each SoC is localized and specified based on its development focus, either physical or application (hybrid). Physical HW development SoC is referred to as physical-SoC (Phy-SoC) and application SW development SoC is referred to as application-SoC (App-SoC). Phy-SoC and App-SoC are connected to each other via Ethernet. Ethernet was chosen because of its flexibility, high speed, and easy configuration. For prototyping, we used a LEON3 SoC as the Phy-SoC and a ZYNQ-7000 SoC as the App-SoC. The proposed design was proven in real-time tests and achieved good performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.767-775
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• 2014

New material design has obtained tremendous attention in material science community as the performance of new materials, especially in nano length scale, could be greatly improved to applied in modern industry. In certain conditions limiting experimental synthesis of these new materials, new approach by computer simulation has been proposed to be applied, being able to save time and cost. Recent development of computer systems with high speed, large memory, and parallel algorithms enables to analyze individual atoms using first principle calculation to predict quantum phenomena. Beyond the quantum level calculations, mesoscopic scale and continuum limit can be addressed either individually or together as a multi-scale approach. In this article, we introduced current endeavors on material design using analytical theory and computer simulations in multi-length scales and on multi-physical properties. Some of the physical phenomena was shown to be interconnected via a cross-link rule called 'cross-property relation'. It is suggested that the computer simulation approach by multi-physics analysis can be efficiently applied to design new materials for multi-functional characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2006

In the history of space design, the concept and application of Multi-Layer can be easily found in various projects. As life styles in the contemporary cities are becoming more and more complex and inter-related to each other, the concept of multi-layer is re-considered In terms of constructing differentiated life patterns as well as multi programs within certain physical buildings or designs. This study aims to analyze the brief history of multi-layer in space design and the contemporary applications in recent architectural as well as interior design projects. It is concluded that the concept of multi layer is not only useful for constructing an interesting spatial organizations, but can also be a vital tool for re-organizing the contemporary urban programs that cannot be considered with the preconceived existing terms.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a balance training program in improving balance and functional independence to reduce fall risks among community-dwelling elders. Design: A multi-center randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 66participants were randomly assigned to a balance training group or a control group. The balance training program, conducted three times a week for 32 weeks, included warm-up exercises, main balance training exercises, and cooldown stretch exercises. Outcome measures included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: The balance training group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures, indicating enhanced balance, improved functional mobility, and increased independence in activities of daily living. In contrast, the control group showed only slight improvements in BBS, TUGT and MBI scores. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of balance training programs in reducing fall risk and promoting health and wellbeing among community-dwelling elders. Future research should aim to refine the design of these programs and assess the sustainability of the observed improvements.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Multi-family housings caused several problems related to physical form such as isolation of housing estate, inhumanity of the exterior space, and mismatch with the urban structure. To handle these problems, the purpose of this study is to analyse density elements which have a direct impact on physical forms, thereby understand the characteristics of physical form and also identify a meaning of inter-relationships between them. Therefore both formal constituents and density elements are reformed into respective analyzing indices. From the analysis, physical form and the spatial layout of buildings were more uniform in large-scale housing estates than in medium or small housing estates. However, small-scale housing estates showed various form and the spatial layout of buildings in order to increase the building density.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.5-18
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• 2006

Digital information society shows a variety of contents of cross-categorial digital media in their inner or outer forms and concepts of the artistic aspects. In order to cope with such a complicated, unexpected trend in digital media and its industry, a new approach in the design process needs to be developed and adjusted with the new equipment of the creativity-thinking process of 'the Multi-Sensory Device (MSD),' 'the Multi-Dimensional Device (MDD),' and 'the Storytelling Device (SD)' in the Prism Effect-based Creativity-Thinking Process (PECTP). The PECTP is in principle designed to practically work with the four distinct techniques: 1) Physical Activity, 2) Linguistic Activity, 3) Visual Activity, and 4) Complex Activity. Consequently, this thesis notes that the nature of the cross-categorial design contents is necessarily non-directional since the creativity power inside the Prism Effect results in openness and diversity.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Although the large supply of multi-family housings played a very important role in forming the urban structure and allocation of functions, and also enhanced the whole level of housing environment, it caused several problems relating to physical form such as isolation of housing estate, inhumanity of the exterior space, and mismatch with the urban structure. To handle these problems, the purpose of this study is to analyse design elements which have a direct impact on physical forms, thereby understand the characteristics of planning. Therefore design elements are reformed into respective analyzing indices. This study analyzes design elements based on analysing indices. Thus, several important results were found from the Factor Analysis and after classifying housing estates into several types, the study found the characteristics of planning within each type of housing estates.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3150-3163
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• 2023

To improve the performance of blanket: maximizing the tritium breeding rate (TBR) for tritium self-sufficiency, and minimizing the Dose of backplate for radiation protection, most previous studies are based on manual corrections to adjust the blanket structure to achieve optimization design, but it is difficult to find an optimal structure and tends to be trapped by local optimizations as it involves multiphysics field design, which is also inefficient and time-consuming process. The artificial intelligence (AI) maybe is a potential method for the optimization design of the blanket. So, this paper aims to develop an intelligent optimization method based on an improved multi-objective NSGA-III algorithm and an adaptive BP neural network to solve these problems mentioned above. This method has been applied on optimizing the radial arrangement of a conceptual design of CFETR HCSB blanket. Finally, a series of optimal radial arrangements are obtained under the constraints that the temperature of each component of the blanket does not exceed the limit and the radial length remains unchanged, the efficiency of the blanket optimization design is significantly improved. This study will provide a clue and inspiration for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the optimization design of blanket.