• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2004

피부 세포는 외부의 유해 요소 즉, 스트레스 환경에 노출되었을 때 세포 자신을 보호하기 위하여 다양한 방어 및 복구 체계를 가지고 있는데 그 중 하나가 보호단백질인 열충격단백질 70 kDa의 발현이다 Glucuronic acid를 피부세포에 다양한 농도로 전처리한 다음 유해자극(열, 활성산소)을 주었을 경우, western blottting을 통해 $0.12\%$ 농도에서 세포 내 열충격단백질이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다 그리고 confocal microscopy 및 세포생존율 실험을 이용하여 열 및 활성 산소에 대한 우수한 세포보호 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 마우스 피부를 이용하여 glucuronic acid 및 수중유(O/W)형 에멀젼에 적용하였을 때 경피 흡수 양상을 비교한 결과, glucuronic acid는 빠른 경피흡수거동을 보였다(투과속도 $0.83114 mg/cm^2/h,$ 지연시간 1.2 h, 분배계수 0.114). 에멀젼에서는 투과속도는 $0.04153{\;}{\mu}g/cm^{2}/h,$ 누적투과량은 $1456.25{\;}{\mu}g/cm^{2}$로 감소하였지만 지연시간은 2.48 h으로 증가하였고 지속적인 경피흡수(서방성)를 보였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2012

약용식물은 피부와 모발을 보호하는 잠재적 기능을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 수용성 호스트 ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin과 약용식물의 기능성 성분들과의 복합체 형성 시 나타나는 피부와 모발에 미치는 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 기존의 연구에서 복합체 형성물의 무독성, 그리고 그람양성균과 비듬을 발생시키는 곰팡이에 대한 항균기능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 약용식물의 기능성 성분을 함유한 크림이 피부의 콜라젠 생성을 유도하여 피부의 생리활성을 증대시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 기능성 성분을 함유한 헤어토닉 처리군에서 육모의 성장이 증진되었음을 생쥐를 이용한 동물실험에서 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과, 비수용성 약용성분을 수용성 ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin에 포접시켜 초분자 복합체 형성을 통해, 육모기능의 향상과 피부노화지연 등 부가적 화장제재로의 개발가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.121-141
• /
• 2011

Objective : This Experimental study was done to investigate the Effect of Taklisodok-um and Hwangryunhaedok-tang(TH) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : We assessed effects of TH on the IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1, IFN-${\gamma}$ in vivo, on the IL-4, IL-5, CCR3 in the skin tissues of ear and dorsum with NC/Nga mice. And we assessed effects of TH on the COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 with RAW 264.7 cell. Results and Conclusion : 1. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels in the serum of TH treated NC/Nga mouse group were decreased compared to the untreated control mice. IFN-r showed a increase in the experimental group compared to the untreated control group. The spleen weight of TH treated NC/Nga mice was decreased compared to the untreated control group. 2. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased, and expression levels of IL-6 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased compared to the untreated control group. IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression levels were increased compared to the untreated control group. 3. Judged from that IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 express of gene, effect of inflammatory Cytokines revelation were decreased compared to the untreated control group. 4. Depend on the strength of TH, inflammatory RAW 264.7 in the serum of TH were inhibited compared to the untreated control serum that leaded a COX-2 activity model. 5. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of TH treated NC/Nga mice were highly reduced compared to the untreated control group.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2010

소염진통제인 Ketorolac tromethamine에 치자엑스 복합제제를 혼합하여 4종의 하이드로겔을 제조한 다음 주성분의 확인, 점도, 표면장력, 인장강도 및 생체부착성 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. KGE 및 KGH gel 제제 중 Ketorolac tromethamine의 함량은 1.02~0.97%이었고, Geniposide의 함량은 KGE gel A와 C에서 0.34%이었으나, KGH gel B와 D에서 0.11%로 낮아졌고, Genipin의 함량은 KGE gel A와 C에서는 나타나지 않았으나, KGH gel B와 D에서 0.13%로 나타났다. 2. Gel 제제의 온도에 따른 점도는 gel 화제로 Carbopol 940을 단독으로 사용한 gel이 Poloxamer 407을 추가한 gel보다 더 높은 점도를 유지하였으며, 각 제제에서의 표면장력은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 34.77~40.58 dyne/cm를 나타냈다. 제제의 인장강도는 KGH gel B에서 대조군에 비하여 3.5배 정도 높은 인장강도를 나타냈다. 3. 생체부착성은 등피부 상부(표피층)와 배피부의 경우 KGH gel B 에서 50.62 N으로 나타나 대조군에 비해 5배 정도 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 등피부 하부(진피층)와 배피부의 경우 KGH gel B의 에서 35.93 N으로 나타나 대조군에 비해 3.5배 정도 높은 수치를 나타냈다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2016

Atopic dermatitis (AD) results from gene and environment interactions that lead to a range of immunological abnormalities and breakdown of the skin barrier. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. PAR2 is activated by both trypsin and a specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV-$NH_2$ and is involved in both epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis and epithelial inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of lobaric acid on inflammation, keratinocyte differentiation, and recovery of the skin barrier in hairless mice. Lobaric acid blocked trypsin-induced and SLIGKV-$NH_2$-induced PAR2 activation resulting in decreased mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes. Lobaric acid reduced expression of interleukin-8 induced by SLIGKV-$NH_2$ and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) induced by tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$) and IFN-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes. Lobaric acid also blocked SLIGKV-$NH_2$-induced activation of ERK, which is a downstream signal of PAR2 in normal human keratinocytes (NHEKs). Treatment with SLIGKV-$NH_2$ downregulated expression of involucrin, a differentiation marker protein in HaCaT keratinocytes, and upregulated expression of involucrin, transglutamase1 and filaggrin in NHEKs. However, lobaric acid antagonized the effect of SLIGKV-$NH_2$ in HaCaT keratinocytes and NHEKs. Topical application of lobaric acid accelerated barrier recovery kinetics in a SKH-1 hairless mouse model. These results suggested that lobaric acid is a PAR2 antagonist and could be a possible therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2008

The objective of this work is to study transdermal delivery of levodopa using iontophoresis and evaluate various factors which affect the transdermal transport. Levodopa is unstable in aqueous solution, and, in order to establish a stable condition for levodopa for the duration of experiment, we investigated the stability of levodopa in aqueous solutions of different pHs with/without the addition of dextrose or the application of current. Using stable aqueous solution, we have studied the effect of pH, polarity and penetration enhancer (ethanol) on transdermal flux and compared the results. We also investigated the iontophoretic flux from hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogel. In vitro flux study was performed at $33^{\circ}C$, using side-by-side diffusion cell. Full thickness hairless mouse skin and rat skin were used for this work. Current densities applied were 0.4 or $0.6mA/cm^2$ and current was off after 6 hour application. Stability study showed that levodopa solution with a pH 2.5 or 4.5 maintained the initial concentration of levodopa for 24 hours with the addition of 5% dextrose. However, at pH 9.5, levodopa was unstable and 30 to 40% of levodopa degraded within 24 hours, even with the addition of 5% dextrose. Hydrogel swollen with dextrose added levodopa solution maintained about 97% of the initial concentration of levodopa for 13 days, when stored in $4^{\circ}C$. The application of current did not affect the stability of levodopa in hydrogel. Flux study from levodopa solution with pH 2.5 showed that cathodal delivery of levodopa was higher than passive or anodal delivery. When the pH of the donor solution was 4.5, anodal delivery of levodopa was higher than passive or cathodal delivery. These results seem to indicate that electroosmosis plays more dominant role than electrorepulsion in the flux of levodopa at pH 2.5, and the reverse situation applies for pH 4.5. The passive flux was unexpectedly high for the ionized levodopa. Similar to the results from aqueous solution, cumulative amount of levodopa transported trom HPC hydrogel by cathodal delivery was significantly higher than passive or anodal delivery. The treatment of 70% ethanol cotton ball by scrubbing increased passive, anodal and cathodal flux, with the largest increase for anodal flux. These results indicate that iontophoretic delivery of zwitterion such as levodopa is much complicated than that can be expected from small ionic molecules with single charge. The results also indicate that the balance between electroosmosis and electrorepulsion plays a very important role in the transport through skin.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf tea(PLT) in hairless mice(SKH-1) exposed to UVB radiation. The animals were divided into non-treated group (normal, N) and UV-radiated groups. UV-radiated groups were divided into only UV-radiated group(control, C) and UV-radiated and PLT treated experimental groups[first extraction treated group(PLT-I), second extraction treated groupe(PLT-II), and third extraction treated group(PLT-III)]. Three PLT treated experimental groups of mice were treated with both oral administration(300mg/Kg B.W./day) and topical application (100 ul of 2% conc./mouse/day) for 4 weeks. Anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf were evaluated by MTT assay, anti oxidative reaction, MMP immunohistochemistry, gelatin zymography assay and RT-PCR observations. Treatment with Persimmon leaf tea(PLT)-I, and -III groups decreased immunohistochemical density of matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-3 and -9 related to degradation of extracellular matrix in skin. Especially, immunohistochemical density of MMP-2 decreased in PLT-I, -II and -III groups in skin. On the effects of antioxidant function on the treatment with Persimmon leaf tea(PLT), treatment of HaCaT cells with extracts of PLT-I and PLT-II had also significantly reduced intracellular ROS produced by UVB irradiation in a dose dependent manner(PLT-I, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001; PLT-II, p<0.01, p<0.001). Gelatin zymography assay revealed that PLT-II and PLT-III (200 ug/ml) had inhibitory effect on MMP-9 expression in UVB-radiated HaCaT cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PLT-1, -II and -III groups down-regulates the expression of inflammatory associated genes(IL-$1{\beta}$) and PLT-1 and -II groups down-regulates the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in a dose dependent manner. Our study suggests that Persimmon leaf tea(PLT) extracts participates in inhibitory effects on the morphological and molecular experiments related to photoaging skin on UVB irradiated hairless mice.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2009

천연물로부터 새로운 미백 소재를 개발하기 위하여 식물 추출물들의 미백활성을 조사한 결과, 엉겅퀴의 열매로부터 추출한 silymarin이 우수한 미백효과를 나타내는 것을 발견하였다. Silymarin으로부터 유효 성분을 분리하기 위하여 각종 컬럼 크로마토그래피 및 HPLC 등의 기법을 실시하여 silybin과 isosilybin을 분리한 후 이성질체인 silybin A와B, 그리고 isosilybin A와 B를 각각 순수 분리하였다. Silymarin은 Mel-Ab melanocyte에서 세포독성에 영향을 주지 않는 동시에 멜라닌의 생성을 억제하였고 $IC_{50}$ 값은 28.2 ${\mu}g/mL$이었다. 또한 Silymarin은 cell-based tyrosinase의 활성을 저해하고, western blot 분석 결과 tyrosinase 단백질의 발현을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. Silymarin으로부터 분리한 활성 화합물인 silybin 및 isosilybin의 미백 효과를 측정한 결과, 각각 42.25 ${\mu}M$ 및 16.32 ${\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 가지며 멜라닌의 생성을 억제하였으며 tyrosinase 단백질의 발현을 감소시켰다. Diastereoisomer 형태로 존재하는 silybin A 및 B, 그리고 isosilybin A 및 B의 멜라닌 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 네 가지 화합물 모두 농도 의존적으로 멜라닌의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 피부 미백 임상연구를 실시한 결과, silymarin 2 % 함유 크림을 사용할 경우 피부 미백 효과가 유효하게 나타남을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 활성물질 silymarin은 피부 미백 효과가 우수한 안전한 화장품 원료로서 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.77-81
• /
• 2013

Objectives : Horse oil (HO) has been used long time as the folk medicine of many Asian countries such as Korea, Mongol, China, India and Japan. HO has been used for anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pruritic purposes in skin. However, it is still largely unknown whether HO modulates the skin condition. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of HO on the 1 % of 2, 4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice. Methods : To find the anti-inflammatory effect of HO, contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of skin, was induced on the back of Balb/c mice by sensitization and repeated application by 1% DNCB and HO treated 2 weeks on the 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Excised mice skins were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and serum IgE level was measured by mouse IgE ELISA kit. Results : In this study, we found that HO reduced erythema by 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. Also, HO recovered histopathological features such as the thickening of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. In addition, HO reduced IgE level on the serum obtained from blood of 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Conclusion : Taken together, these results showed that HO could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-inflammatory effects by reducing of erythema, IgE level and recovering of histopathological features skin on DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice model.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제46권11호
• /
• pp.688-699
• /
• 2023

We set up this study to understand the underlying mechanisms of reduced ceramides on immune cells in acute rejection (AR). The concentrations of ceramides and sphingomyelins were measured in the sera from hepatic transplant patients, skin graft mice and hepatocyte transplant mice by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum concentrations of C24 ceramide, C24:1 ceramide, C16:0 sphingomyelin, and C18:1 sphingomyelin were lower in liver transplantation (LT) recipients with than without AR. Comparisons with the results of LT patients with infection and cardiac transplant patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy in humans and in mouse skin graft and hepatocyte transplant models suggested that the reduced C24 and C24:1 ceramides were specifically involved in AR. A ceramide synthase inhibitor, fumonisin B₁ exacerbated allogeneic immune responses in vitro and in vivo, and reduced tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), while increased P3-like plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the draining lymph nodes from allogeneic skin graft mice. The results of mixed lymphocyte reactions with ceranib-2, an inhibitor of ceramidase, and C24 ceramide also support that increasing ceramide concentrations could benefit transplant recipients with AR. The results suggest increasing ceramides as novel therapeutic target for AR, where reduced ceramides were associated with the changes in DC subsets, in particular tDCs.